Зачетная задача (18) (1114190), страница 2
Текст из файла (страница 2)
Hkgh\gufg_^hklZldhfy\ey_lkygbadZylhqghklvh[mkeh\e_ggZyaZ]jyag_gb_fhkZ^dZkhhkZ`^zgguf P2O5. Djhf_ wlh]h ]jZ\bf_ljbq_kdZy nhjfZ ± AlPO4 – ]b]jhkdhibqgZ b qZklbqghjZaeZ]Z_lkyijb\ukhdbol_fi_jZlmjZo3.2.2. Hj]Zgbq_kdb_hkZ^bl_ebHkZ`^_gb_ \ \b^_ hdkbobghebgZlZ hdkbobghebg h[jZam_l hkZ^db kh fgh]bfb dZlbhgZfb ihwlhfm _]h k_e_dlb\ghklv gbadZ H^gZdh ijb bkihevah\Zgbb ih^oh^ysbo fZkdbjmxsboj_Z]_glh\bebhl^_e_gbbf_rZxsbodZlbhgh\f_lh^^hklZlhqgh[ukljbijhklHkZ`^_gb_ ijh\h^yl ijb jG ± [5] P_e_khh[jZagh ijb[Z\eylv jZkl\hj hdkbobghebgZ d keZ[h dbkehfm ZgZebabjm_fhfm jZkl\hjm Z aZl_f f_^e_ggh ^h[Z\eylv8CH3COONH4.
Ijb lZdhf ihjy^d_ ijb[Z\e_gby j_Z]_glh\ h[jZamxlky [he__ djmigu_ djbklZeeu g_`_eb \ h[jZlghf kemqZ_ HkZ`^_gb_ ke_^m_l ijh\h^blv ba oheh^gh]h jZkl\hjZ ZaZl_f gZ]j_\Zlv kbkl_fm. Hdkbobghebg fh`gh ijbf_gylv \ \b^_ jZkl\hjh\ \ mdkmkghc bebjZa[Z\e_gghckheyghcdbkehlZo [3].>ey ijhfu\Zgby hkZ^dZ p_e_khh[jZagh bkihevah\Zlv ,guc jZkl\hj hdkbobghebgZbebgucjZkl\hjZp_lZlZZffhgbyFh`ghlZd`_bkihevah\Zlv\h^mghlhevdhoheh^gmx >Zggu_ ih l_fi_jZlmj_ ^hklb`_gby ihklhyggh]h \_kZ hkZ^dhf hdkbobghebgZlZZexfbgbylZd`_jZagylkyhl^h 0K [3] j_dhf_g^m_l \ukmrb\Zgb_ ijb 0 K=jZ\bf_ljbq_kdZynhjfZ±hdkbobghebgZlZexfbgbyDZdm`_hlf_qZehkv\ur_f_lh^g_k_e_dlb\_ghkZ`^_gbxg_f_rZxlebrvMg, Be,s_ehqgu_bs_ehqgha_f_evgu_f_lZeeu<hafh`ghhl^_e_gb_f_^bihf_lh^bd_hibkZgghc\ur_kfbebfZkdbjh\Zgb_f_^bpbZgb^bhgZfbbW>L:\ZffbZqghfjZkl\hj_ijbjG ±[3].LZd`_kms_kl\m_ljy^f_lh^h\]hfh]_ggh]hhkZ`^_gby\hafh`ghf_^e_ggh_h[jZah\Zgb_hkZ^bl_eybkihevamxlZp_lhdkbobghebgihkl_i_ggh_mklZgh\e_gb_jGbkihevamxlZp_lZfb^mjhljhibgfhq_\bgmbebhkZ`^_gb_bakf_kbjZkl\hjbl_e_cwlhlijbzfhkgh\ZggZaZf_^e_gbbh[jZah\Zgbyg_dhlhjuohkZ^dh\\ijbkmlkl\bb[hevrbodhebq_kl\jZkl\hjbl_eykh\j_f_g_fjZkl\hjbl_evme_lmqb\Z_lkybgZqbgZ_lky\uiZ^_gb_hkZ^dZ [3].HkZ`^_gb_ \ \b^_ [_gahZlZ [7] wlh h^bgbagZb[he__ lhqguo ]jZ\bf_ljbq_kdbo f_lh^h\ hij_^_e_gby Zexfbgby < dZq_kl\_ hkZ^bl_ey bkihevamxl [_gahcgmx dbkehlm hilbfZevgh_agZq_gb_jGhkZ`^_gby±F_lh^fZehk_e_dlb\_gghfgh]b_f_rZxsb_dZlbhgufh]ml[ulvfZkdbjh\Zgulbh]ebdhe_\hcdbkehlhc<hafh`ghlZd`_]hfh]_ggh_hkZ`^_gb_kbkihevah\Zgb_ffhq_\bgu=jZ\bf_ljbq_kdZynhjfZ±Al2O3.HkZ`^_gb_ \ \b^_ kmdpbgZlZ [5] \ wlhf f_lh^_ Zexfbgbc hkZ`^Zxl ba dbiysbo jZkl\hjh\kh^_j`ZsboyglZjgmxdbkehlmbfhq_\bgmF_lh^g_kdhevdh mklmiZ_l ih lhqghklb[_gahZlghfmh^gZdhagZqbl_evghij_\hkoh^bl_]hihk_e_dlb\ghklb±\hafh`ghhkZ`^_gb_Zexfbgbyba jZkl\hjh\ kh^_j`Zsbo ba[ulhd ^\mo\Ze_glguo f_lZeeh\ lZdbo dZd Mn, Co,Ni, Cu).
=jZ\bf_ljbq_kdZynhjfZ±Al2O3.HkZ`^_gb_\\b^_^bn_gZlZ [3]ZffhgbcgZykhev^bn_gh\hcdbkehluh[jZam_lkZexfbgb_f ljm^ghjZkl\hjbfmx hkgh\gmx khev =eZ\gh_ ij_bfms_kl\h f_lh^Z ± hl^_e_gb_ hldZlbhgh\^\mo\Ze_glguof_lZeeh\h[jZamxsbok^bn_gh\hcdbkehlhcohjhrhjZkl\hjbfu_9kheb L_f g_ f_g__ ljzo\Ze_glgu_ f_lZeeu hkZ`^Zxlky kh\f_klgh k Zexfbgb_f ihwlhfmlj_[m_lkyboij_^\Zjbl_evgh_hl^_e_gb_ =jZ\bf_ljbq_kdZynhjfZ±Al2O3.HkZ`^_gb_ \ \b^_ kheb dhjbqghc dbkehlu [3] dhjbqgZy dbkehlZ lZd`_ h[jZam_l jZkl\hjbfu_ kheb k ^\mo\Ze_glgufb f_lZeeZfb ?z ij_bfms_kl\Zfb dZd hkZ^bl_ey y\eyxlky\hafh`ghklvhl^_e_gbyg_dhlhjuodhebq_kl\lblZgZbpbjdhgbyaZkqzlhkZ`^_gbyijb [he__ gbadbo jG kh\iZ^_gb_ hkZ`^Z_fhc b ]jZ\bf_ljbq_kdhc nhjf ± Zexfbgb_\Zy khev dhjbqghcdbkehlu bf__l ihklhygguc khklZ\ bohjhrh \ukmrb\Z_lky ijb \_kvfZ gbadbo l_fi_jZlmjZo~ 110 0K =jZ\bf_ljbq_kdZynhjfZ±Al(C9H7O2)3.HkZ`^_gb_\\b^_dmin_jhgZlZ: dmin_jhghkZ`^Z_lfgh]b_f_lZeeuh^gZdh\ZjvbjmyjG fh`gh ^h[blvky ^hklZlhqgh \ukhdhc k_e_dlb\ghklb hkZ`^_gby Zexfbgby wlbf j_Z]_glhf L_f g_ f_g__ hkZ^hd dmin_jhgZlZ h[uqgh hdZau\Z_lky aZ]jyagzg ke_^Zfb hdbke_gbydmin_jhgZDjhf_wlh]hkZfdmin_jhgZlZexfbgbyg_bf__lihklhyggh]hkhklZ\ZIhwlhfm[he__ rbjhdh_ ijbf_g_gb_ bf__l k_e_dlb\gZy wdkljZdpby Zexfbgby \ \b^_ dmin_jhgZlZZp_lbeZp_lhghf beb oehjhnhjfhf [5] H^gZdh kms_kl\mxl b ZgZeh]b dmin_jhgZ ^Zxsb_ih^oh^ysb_hkZ`^Z_fu_b]jZ\bf_ljbq_kdb_nhjfuWlhgZijbf_jljbwlZghZfbggZykhevklbev[_gbegbljhah]b^jhdkbeZfbgZ ba\_klgZy dZd ©kljbedmin_jhgª Hg iha\hey_l k g_iehohck_e_dlb\ghklvxhkZ^blvZexfbgbcZaZl_f\ukmrblvihemq_gguchkZ^hdbbkihevah\Zlv_]h\dZq_kl\_]jZ\bf_ljbq_kdhcnhjfu[3].JZg__ lZd`_ ijbf_gyebkv f_lh^u hkZ`^_gby \ \b^_ Zp_lZlZ beb nhjfbZlZ H^gZdh \wlbo kemqZyo h[jZamxlky klm^g_h[jZagu_ ljm^ghnbevljmxsb_ky hkZ^db BaaZ wlh]h lhqghklvlZdbof_lh^h\g_\ukhdZbgug_hgbihqlbg_ijbf_gyxlky [3].3.3.
Lbljbf_ljbq_kdb_f_lh^uhij_^_e_gbyZexfbgbyIjyfh_dhfie_dkhghf_ljbq_kdh_lbljh\Zgb_[3].GZb[he__jZkijhkljZgzgguf kihkh[hf y\ey_lky lbljh\Zgb_ k I:G b g_[hevrbfb dhebq_kl\Zfbdhfie_dkhgZlZf_^b:exfbgbclbljmxl\gZ]j_luo^hdbi_gbyjZkl\hjZokjGHg\ul_kgy_lf_^vbadhfie_dkhgZlZ\u^_eb\rZykyf_^vh[jZam_ldjZkgu_dhfie_dkukI:GIhke_k\yau\Zgby\k_]hZexfbgbykW>L:hggZqbgZ_l\ul_kgylvf_^vbadhfie_dkZkI:G±hdjZkdZjZkl\hjZbadjZkghci_j_oh^bl\`zelmxGZlhqghklvlbljh\Zgby\eby_lihjy^hd ijb]hlh\e_gby lbljm_fh]h jZkl\hjZ ± gZb[he__ lhqgu_ j_amevlZlu fh]ml [ulv ihemq_gu ijb g_cljZebaZpbb Zp_lZlhf Zffhgby dbkeuo jZkl\hjh\ ^h jG k ihke_^mxsbf ^h[Z\e_gb_f mdkmkghc dbkehlu ^h jG Ijb h[jZlghf ihjy^d_ g_cljZebaZpby dbkeh]h jZk10l\hjZ ZffbZdhf ^h jG k ihke_^mxsbf ^h[Z\e_gb_f Zp_lZlgh]h [mn_jZ ijhbkoh^bl ehdZevgh_ ih\ur_gb_ jG \_^ms__ d h[jZah\Zgbx iheby^_jguo dhfie_dkh\ Zexfbgby f_^e_ggh j_Z]bjmxsbo k EDTA.
<h \j_fy lbljh\Zgby ke_^m_l ih^^_j`b\Zlv jZkl\hj ijb l_fi_jZlmj_[ebadhcdl_fi_jZlmj_dbi_gby^jm]bfkihkh[hfijZ\bevgh]hnbdkbjh\Zgbylhqdbwd\b\Ze_glghklby\ey_lky^h\_^_gb_hllbljh\Zggh]hjZkl\hjZ^hdbi_gbyb_]h^hlbljh\u\Zgb_F_lh^fZehk_e_dlb\_g±hij_^_e_gbxg_f_rZxlK, Na, Ca, Mg. @_e_ahbpbgdlbljmxlkydhebq_kl\_gghojhf qZklbqghhllbljh\u\Z_lkybaaZ\ukhdhcl_fi_jZlmjujZkl\hjZL_fg_f_g__dhg_plbljh\ZgbymklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyhq_gvqzldhqlhijb\h^bld\ukhdhclhqghklbkZfh]hf_lh^ZKms_kl\mxlbbgu_f_lh^uijyfh]hdhfie_dkhghf_ljbq_kdh]hlbljh\ZgbyZexfbgby_kebk\yaZlvZexfbgbc\dhfie_dkkfhehqghcbeb]ebdhe_\hcdbkehlZfblh\hafh`ghijyfh_ lbljh\Zgb_ k bg^bdZlhjhf ]_fZlhdkbebghf Fh`gh lZd`_ hllbljh\Zlv Zexfbgbc ijbpHkbg^bdZlhjhfojhfqbklh]hem[uf\ijbkmlkl\bbg_[hevrbodhebq_kl\f_^bKms_kl\m_l f_lh^ ijyfh]h lbljh\Zgby k bg^bdZlhjhf ojhfZamjhehf S, dhlhjuc h^gZdh g_lhq_g\\b^mg_qzldh]hi_j_oh^ZhdjZkdbH[jZlgh_dhfie_dkhghf_ljbq_kdh_lbljh\Zgb_GZb[he__lhqguff_lh^hfy\ey_lkyh[jZlgh_lbljh\Zgb_kdkbe_gheh\ufhjZg`_\ufIjyfh_lbljh\Zgb_kwlbfbg^bdZlhjhfg_\hafh`ghbaaZ[hevr_cmklhcqb\hklbdhfie_dkZZexfbgbykdkbe_gheh\ufhjZg`_\ufihkjZ\g_gbxkdhfie_dkhgZlhfZexfbgbyIhwlhfmba[ulhd W>L: hllbljh\u\Zxl jZkl\hjZfb khe_c k\bgpZ lhjby beb pbgdZ GZ[ex^Z_lkyhq_gv j_adbc i_j_oh^ hdjZkdb hl `zelhc q_j_a hjZg`_\mx \ djZkgmx KZf ih k_[_ f_lh^fZehk_e_dlb\_gg_f_rZxlebrvs_ehqgu_f_lZeeuZffhgbcMg, Ca, Sr bBa)h^gZdhk_e_dlb\ghklv fh`_l [ulv ih\ur_gZ k ihfhsvx ijbzfZ RZch [3] Ba[ulhd W>L: hllbljh\uZxljZkl\hjhfZp_lZlZpbgdZaZl_fjZajmrZxldhfie_dkhgZlZexfbgbynlhjb^bhgZfb\gh\v^h[Z\eyxlba[ulhdW>L: bhklZlhdhllbljh\u\ZxljZkl\hjhfZp_lZlZpbgdZDhebq_kl\h Zexfbgby jZkkqblu\Zxl ih j_amevlZlZf \lhjh]h lbljh\Zgby Ih\ur_gb_ k_e_dlb\ghklbk\yaZghkl_fqlhnlhjb^bhguki_pbnbqghjZajmrZxldhfie_dkhgZlZexfbgbyh[jZamydjbhebl<f_klhdkbe_gheh\h]hhjZg`_\h]hfh`gh\dZq_kl\_bg^bdZlhjZbkihevah\Zlvf_lbelbfheh\uckbgbcqlhijb\h^bldg_dhlhjhfmbaf_g_gbxagZq_gbyjGlbljh\Zgby[3].Fh^bnbdZpbybaeh`_ggh]h\ur_f_lh^Z±lbljh\Zgb_jZkl\hjhfkhebpbgdZ\\h^ghwlZghevghc kj_^_ k bg^bdZlhjhf ^blbahghf G_^hklZldhf f_lh^Z y\ey_lky g_h[oh^bfhklvbkihevah\ZgbywlZgheZ^eym^_j`Zgby^blbahgZ\jZkl\hj_H^gZdhlhqghklvhklZzlkyg_hkihjbfuf^hklhbgkl\hfLbljh\Zgb_k^blbahghfklhev`_fZehk_e_dlb\ghdZdbkdkbe_gh11eh\ufhjZg`_\uff_rZxl\k_f_lZeeuh[jZamxsb_dhfie_dkhgZluijbh[uqguomkeh\byoh^gZdh\ebygb_[hevrbgkl\ZbagbomkljZgy_lkyihf_lh^mRZch[7]?szh^gZfh^bnbdZpbywlh]h`_f_lh^Z±lbljh\Zgb_khevxpbgdZ\ijbkmlkl\bb[_gab^bgZbhdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evghc iZju n_jjhpbZgb^±n_jjbpbZgb^ Ihke_ ^hklb`_gby dhg_qghc lhqdblbljh\ZgbybhgupbgdZk\yau\Zxln_jjhpbZgb^\fZehjZkl\hjbfh_kh_^bg_gb_\j_amevlZl_ihl_gpbZehdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evghckbkl_fuih\urZ_lkyb[_gab^bghdbkey_lkyhdjZrb\ZyjZkl\hj<f_klh[_gab^bgZbpbZgb^guodhfie_dkh\fh`ghbkihevah\Zlv\ZjbZfbgh\uckbgbcjh^Zgb^bkhev^\mo\Ze_glghcf_^b [3].<hafh`ghlZd`_h[jZlgh_lbljh\Zgb_jZkl\hjhfkheb`_e_aZkkZebpbeh\hcbebkmevnhkZebpbeh\hcdbkehlZfbLbljh\Zgb_ijh\h^yl\oheh^guojZkl\hjZoijbjG ±\hba[_`Zgb_\ul_kg_gbyZexfbgbybadhfie_dkhgZlZF_lh^fZehk_e_dlb\_gf_rZxl\k_f_lZeeuh[jZamxsb_dhfie_dkhgZlukW>L:, ZlZd`_pbZgb^nlhjb^nhknZlZgbhguk\yau\Zxsb_dZlbhguZexfbgby[3].M^h[guff_lh^hfh[jZlgh]hlbljh\ZgbyZexfbgbyy\ey_lkylbljh\Zgb_jZkl\hjhfkhebf_^b\ijbkmlkl\bbI:GA^_kvdZdb\kemqZ_ijyfh]hlbljh\Zgby\ijbkmlkl\bbdhfie_dkhgZlZf_^bkfdhg_qgZylhqdZlbljh\Zgbyhij_^_ey_lkyihbaf_g_gbxhdjZkdbjZkl\hjZba`zelhc\djZkgmx[1].<k_ f_lh^uijb\_^zggu_\ur_iha\heyxlijhba\h^blvh[jZlgh_ lbljh\Zgb_ Zexfbgby \ dbkehc kj_^_ H^gZdh lZdh_ lbljh\Zgb_ \hafh`gh b \ s_ehqghc kj_^_ ^ey wlh]h bkihevamxl jZkl\hj kheb pbgdZ k bg^bdZlhjhf wjbhojhfqzjguf L Lbljh\Zgb_ ijh\h^yl gZoheh^m ^ey ij_^hl\jZs_gby h[jZah\Zgby dhfie_dkZ Zexfbgby k bg^bdZlhjhf F_lh^ fZehk_e_dlb\_gbh[uqghg_bkihevam_lky[3].3.3.3.
Dhfie_dkhghf_ljbq_kdh_lbljh\Zgb_aZf_klbl_eyLbljh\Zgb_ aZf_klbl_ey ijb hij_^_e_gbb Zexfbgby ihqlb g_ bkihevam_lky ?^bgkl\_ggucf_lh^mdZaZgguc\[3], – lbljh\Zgb_kdhfie_dkhgZlhf\ZgZ^by<u^_eb\rbcky\ZgZ^bclbljmxlW>L: c lZdbfbbg^bdZlhjZfbdZd^bn_gbedZj[ZahgibjhdZl_obgh\ucnbhe_lh\ucfhjbgdZjfbgh\ZydbkehlZK_e_dlb\ghklvf_lh^ZgbadZbk\yaZgZkl_fqlh\ZgZ^bc\ul_kgy_lkybak\h_]hdhfie_dkhgZlZfgh]bfbf_lZeeZfb3.3.4. Dhfie_dkhghf_ljbq_kdh_lbljh\Zgb_kjZaebqgufbdhfie_dkhgZfbKj_^b hlebqguo hl W>L: dhfie_dkhgh\ ij_^eh`_gguo ^ey lbljh\Zgby ZexfbgbygZb[hevr__ agZq_gb_ bf__l ^bZfbghpbdeh]_dkZgl_ljZmdkmkgZy dbkehlZ >PL:. HgZhq_gv [ukljh j_Z]bjm_l k Zexfbgb_f m`_ ijb dhfgZlghc l_fi_jZlmj_ b djhf_ wlh]h k[hevrbgkl\hff_lZeeh\h[jZam_lg_kdhevdhbgu_dhfie_dkug_`_ebdhfie_dkhgZluW>L:.12GZijbf_jijblbljh\Zgbb>PL: \hafh`ghfZkdbjh\Zgb_f_^blbhfhq_\bghcZlZd`_hij_^_e_gb_Zexfbgby\ijbkmlkl\bbojhfZb\ijbkmlkl\bb[hevrh]hdhebq_kl\ZojhfZlZg_hdbkeyxs_]hdhfie_dkhg [3].3.3.5Hdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgh_lbljh\Zgb_GZb[he__ jZkijhkljZgzgguc f_lh^ hdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgh]h lbljh\ZgbyZexfbgbyk\yaZgkhkZ`^_gb_fhdkbobghebgZlZAZl_fhkZ^hdjZkl\hjyxl\dbkehl_bhij_^_eyxlhdkbobghebgkihfhsvx[jhfZlhf_ljbbbebbh^hf_ljbbMkeh\byk_e_dlb\gh]hhkZ`^_gby hdkbobghebgZlZ Zexfbgby hibkZgu \ Ij_bfms_kl\hf ijbf_g_gby lbljh\ZgbyZg_]jZ\bf_ljbby\ey_lkyf_gvrZyijh^he`bl_evghklvZgZebaZijblhc`_lhqghklbhij_^_e_gby [7].<hafh`ghhkZ`^_gb_Zexfbgby\\b^_Zjk_gZlZjZkl\hj_gb_hkZ^dZ\dbkehl_\hkklZgh\e_gb_ ^h Zjk_gblbhgZ b lbljh\Zgb_ ihke_^g_]h jZkl\hjhf bh^Z F_lh^ ^hklZlhqgh k_e_dlb\_g b lhq_g gh fZehijb]h^_g ^ey ZgZebaZ baaZ \ukhdhc lhdkbqghklb kh_^bg_gbcfurvydZ [3].3.3.6Dbkehlghhkgh\gh_lbljh\Zgb_ [3].>Zgguc f_lh^ k_cqZk jZkijhkljZg_gu ^hklZlhqgh fZeh \\b^m k\h_c gbadhc lhqghklbH^bgbakihkh[h\hij_^_e_gbyZexfbgbydbkehlghhkgh\guflbljh\Zgb_fk\yaZgki_j_\_^_gb_f _]h \ ]b^jhdkhdhfie_dk b ^Zevg_crbf ^h[Z\e_gb_f ba[uldZ nlhjb^Z gZljby Ijbwlhf\u^_eyxlky]b^jhdkb^bhgudhlhju_g_cljZebamxlba[uldhfjZkl\hjZdbkehluHklZlhddbkehluhllbljh\u\ZxlklZg^ZjlgufjZkl\hjhf]b^jhdkb^ZgZljby<hafh`gub^jm]b_f_lh^ugZijbf_jhkZ`^_gb_]b^jhdkb^ZZexfbgbyjZkl\hj_gb_\ba[uld_dbkehlublbljh\Zgb_hklZldZdbkehluhkZ`^_gb_hkgh\gh]hdZj[hgZlZZexfbgby_]hihke_^mxs__jZkl\hj_gb_ \ klZg^Zjlghf jZkl\hj_ nhknhjghc dbkehlu b lbljh\Zgb_ jZkl\hjZ kh^_j`Zs_]hAl(H2PO4)3, szehqvx ?klv lZd`_ ]jmiiZ ZedZebf_ljbq_kdbo f_lh^h\ hkgh\Zgguo gZ h[jZah\Zgbbdhfie_dkh\Zexfbgbykhj]Zgbq_kdbfbhdkbdbkehlZfbbhllbljh\u\Zgbb\u^_eb\rbokyijhlhgh\<u\h^uGZhkgh\_ZgZebaZebl_jZlmjguo^Zgguo[uehj_r_ghbkihevah\Zlv^\_f_lh^bdbjZkl\hj_gbykieZ\Z±\szehqbih[4]) b\kf_kbZahlghcbkheyghcdbkehlih [2]).
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
