Диссертация (1147017), страница 33
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to touch or hold something;b. to control an animal or a vehicle using your hands;c. to take action to deal with a difficult situation;2. The individual responds to stress in ways that affect the individual as well as theirenvironment.a. to react to something by taking a particular course of action;b. to reply, especially in writing;c. to react well to medical treatment;3. Because of the overabundance of stress in our modern lives, we usually think of stress asa negative experience.a. something that regularly happens;b.
a very large quantity of something;c. the effect that a person or thing has on someone’s behavior;4. Man is the most adaptive creature on the planet because of the evolution of the humanbrain.a. the outer portion of an organ;b. knowledge and skill gained through time spent doing a job or activity;c. the organ inside your head that allows you to think and feel, and controls your body;5. External factors include the physical environment, including your job, your relationshipswith others, your home, and all the situations, challenges, etc.a. members of your family;b. the way in which two or more things or people are connected with or involve each other;c. the conditions and influences in which people carry on a particular activity.FREE PRACTICE1. Work in groups.
Discuss what internal and external factors stress includes. Giveyour own examples. Compare your answers.2. Work in pairs. Discuss what is bad about stress. Compare your answers with theothers.195UNIT 2. WHO IS MOST VULNERABLE* TO STRESSVulnerable* means someone who is weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally; easilydamaged by something negative or harmful.Look at the picture and answer the questions:1. What is the young man doing?2.
Is the young man stressed out?Why (not)?3. Is he vulnerable to stress?READING TEXTRead the following text and say who ismost vulnerable to stress:Who is most vulnerable to stress?Stress comes in many forms and affects people of all ages and all walks of life. No externalstandards can be applied to predict stress levels in individuals -- one need not have atraditionally stressful job to experience workplace stress, just as a parent of one child mayexperience more parental stress than a parent of several children.
The degree of stress in our livesis highly dependent upon individual factors such as our physical health, the quality of ourinterpersonal relationships, the number of commitments and responsibilities we carry, the degreeof others' dependence upon us, expectations of us, the amount of support we receive from others,and the number of changes or traumatic events that have recently occurred in our lives.Some generalizations, however, can be made. People with adequate social support networksreport less stress and overall improved mental health in comparison to those without adequatesocial support.
People who are poorly nourished, who get inadequate sleep, or who arephysically unwell also have a reduced capacity to handle pressures and stresses of everyday lifeand may report higher stress levels. Some stressors are particularly associated with certain agegroups or life stages. Children, teens, working parents, and seniors are examples of the groupswho often face common stressors related to life transitions.LEXISGuess the meaning of the words. Compare your answers with the dictionary:1.
apply2. capacity3. common4. dependent upon1965. face6. mental7. nourish8. occur9. predict10. reduce11. stressor12. unwellPRACTICE CONTROLLED1. Match the words with their definitions:1. capacitya. to give a person, animal, or plant the foodand care they need to live, grow, and behealthy2. faceb.
to say what you think will happen in thefuture3. nourishc. to accept that a bad situation exists and tryto deal with it4. occurd. the ability to do something; the amount ofsomething5. predicte. to happen, especially unexpectedly2. Match the words in A with their close meaning in B:AB1. applya. sick, unhealthy2. commonb.
use3. mentalc. lower, lessen4. nourishd. public, general5. reducee. intellectual, psychic6. unwellf. feed3. Match the words in A with their opposite meaning in B:A1. dependentBa. physical1972. mentalb. raise3. reducec. healthy4. unwelld. independent4. Match the words in A with the words in B to make a collocation:1. dependent upona. stress2. faceb. unwell3. mentalc. factors4. physicallyd.
problem5. reducee. health5. Fill the gaps in these sentences with words from below:1. Try to ……. the amount of fat in your diet.2. It is clear that ……. activity does not stop when we’re asleep.3. People who are physically ……. have a reduced capacity to handle with stress.4. Her poor health limits her earning ……. .5. Teenagers often face common ……. related to life changes.capacity, mental, reduce, stressors, unwell6. Scan the derivatives and use them with words to make collocations:applydependentnourishpredictstressor(v)(adj)(v)(v)(n)application (n) depend (v)applied (adj)predictable(adj)stress (n)dependence (n)prediction(n)stressful(adj)independentneg.)predictor (n)independenceneg.)nourishment (n)(adj,(n,READING COMPREHENSION1.
Read the text again and define if the statements are True or False. Compare theanswers with your partner:1. Stress affects people of certain age groups or life stages.2. The degree of stress depends upon both internal and external factors.3. Social support does not help people to improve their mental health.1984.
People who are physically unwell, who do not get enough sleep, whose nourishment ispoor have higher stress level.5. Common stressors are not related to life transitions of certain age groups or life stages.2. Choose the best explanation for words in bold in the sentences:1. No external standards can be applied to predict stress levels in individuals.a. to affect or to be relevant to a particular person or thing ;b. to use a particular name or word ;c.
to exist or to be found somewhere;2. The degree of stress in our lives is highly dependent upon the number of changes ortraumatic events that have recently occurred in our lives.a. to reach a particular state;b. to start doing something;c. to happen, especially unexpectedly;3. People who are poorly nourished, who get inadequate sleep, or who are physically unwellalso have a reduced capacity to handle pressures and stresses of everyday life.a. more and more over a period of time;b. greater in size, amount, or degree;c.
smaller or less in size, amount, importance, etc.;4. People with adequate social support networks report less stress and overall improvedmental health in comparison to those without adequate social support.a. relating to the health or to diseases of the mind;b. the condition of your mind;c. a particular attitude or way of thinking;5.
Children, teens, working parents, and seniors are examples of the groups who often facecommon stressors related to life transitions.a. happening frequently or existing in large amounts or numbers;b. reaching the standard that you normally expect from most ordinary people;c. something that is done a lot and is considered normal.FREE PRACTICE1. Work in groups.
Discuss why people become vulnerable to stress. Compare youranswers with the others.2. a. Work in pairs. Think of questions to find out whether a person is vulnerable tostress.b. Change your partner and ask him/her the questions.199UNIT 3. TEEN STRESSLook at the picture and answer the questions:1.
Where is the girl?2. What is she thinkingabout?3. Is she worried aboutanything?4. Does she need any help?READING TEXTRead the following textand say what can help teensto avoid stress:Teen stressAs one example of stress related to a life transition, the teen years often bring about anincrease in perceived stress as young adults learn to cope with increasing demands andpressures. Studies have shown that excessive stress during the teen years can have a negativeimpact upon both physical and mental health later in life. For example, teen stress is a risk factorfor the development of depression, a serious condition that carries an increased risk of suicide.Fortunately, effective stress-management strategies can diminish the ill effects of stress. Thepresence of intact and strong social support networks among friends, family, and religious orother group affiliations can help reduce the subjective experience of stress during the teen years.Recognition of the problem and helping teens to develop stress-management skills can also bevaluable preventive measures.
In severe cases, a physician or other health-care provider canrecommend treatments or counseling that can reduce the long-term risks of teen stress.LEXISGuess the meaning of the words. Compare your answers with the dictionary:1. affiliation2. demands (pl)3. diminish4. excessive5. physician6. impact7. increase8.
perceive9. preventive10. provide20011. recognition12. severe13. skill14.support15. treatmentCONTROLLED PRACTICE1. Match the words with their definitions:1. affiliationa. the ability to do something well, usually as a result ofexperience and training2. physicianb. connection with an organization, especially a political orreligious one3. impactc. the process of providing medical care4. perceived. someone whose job is to treat people who are ill or injured5. providee. to understand or thing about something in a particular way6.
skillf. to give someone something that they want or need7. treatmentg. an effect or influence2. Match the words in A with their close meaning in B:AB1. affiliationa. membership2. diminishb. help3. impactc. ability4. skilld. effect5. supporte. reduce3. Match the words in A with the words in B to make a collocation:1. negativea. support2.
socialb. measures3. groupc. impact2014. preventived. affiliation5. severee. cases4. Fill the gaps in these sentences with words from below:1. One of the passengers had suffered ……. bruising and serious cuts.2. ……. medicine consists of measures taken to prevent diseases rather than curing them ortreating their symptoms.3. ……. for organic food is increasing.4. She looked at me without a flicker of ……. in her eyes.5. Food experts are worried about ……. use of fast food by teenagers.demand, excessive, preventive, recognition, severe5. Scan the derivatives and use them with words to make collocations:increasepreventiverecognitionsupporttreatment(v, n)(adj)(n)(v, n)(n)increased (adj)prevent (v)recognize (v)supporter (n)treat (v)increasingly(adv)prevention (n)recognizable(adj)supporting(adj)treatable(adj)supportive(adj)READING COMPREHENSION1.
Choose the best explanation for words in bold in the sentences:1. The teen years often bring about an increase in perceived stress as young adults learn tocope with increasing demands and pressures.a. a rise in the number, amount, or degree of something;b. to become large in amount or number;c. more and more over a period of time;2. Studies have shown that excessive stress during the teen years can have a negative impactupon both physical and mental health later in life.a. small in size, amount, or degree;b. much more than is reasonable or necessary;c. something that is important has a major effect on someone or something;3.
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