Диссертация (1146722), страница 26
Текст из файла (страница 26)
In additionto his extraordinary physical attributes, Peter I demonstrated some remarkablequalities of mind and character. The tsar’s intellectual curiositywascoupledwith an amazing ability to learn. He was ambitious, intuitive, despotic,courageous, cruel and self-assured. He combined both, an amazing capacity forwork and an equally unquenchable thirst for amusement.His curious and lively mind led him to acquire knowledge in manydifferent crafts and science, including shipbuilding, artillery, fortifications,diplomacy, military tactics, mechanics, medicine and astronomy. Peter Iparticipated in all kinds of state affairs, both general and special, becomingdeeply involved in diplomacy, administration, justice, finance, commerce,industry, education, and practically else besides.Peter I led the country onto the world stage through a series of reforms.
Inhis reforms the tsar valued expert advice, but he also was independent inthought and he managed to develop into an accomplished military and navalcommander.172The reforms of Peter the Great affected practically every aspect of Russianlife. He developed Russian industry, opening many new factories, mills and minesand building the Vyshny Volochek and Ladoga Canals. The merchant class wasdivided into guilds, while craftsmen were grouped in corporations. Medicalinstitutes, a public theatre and schools of translators were opened.
New coins wereminted. He created a pyramidal form of state structure.In 1703 (27th May) Peter the Great founded St. Petersburg, a gateway toEurope, which happens to be the most lasting contribution to Russia.In the North War of 1700-1721 Peter the Great beat the Swedish army ofCharles XII. The North war and the Russo-Turkish War (1710-1711) led Peter theGreat to understand that the Navy and the Army needed modernization, which hecarried out.The peasantry served the nobility, the nobility served the monarch and themonarch served the state.On 22 September 1721 the Senate issued an order, officially proclaimingthe tsar the «Father of Motherland» and «Emperor Peter the Great of All theRussias».Peter began 1725 in poor health.
On 16 January he took to his bed. Underthe terms of his manifesto, the emperor was obliged to name his own successor. On27 January, he sat down to write his will, but only managed to write: « Leaveeverything to…» On 28 January 1725, Peter the Great died in great pain.
He leftno son heir.2. Read the text again and answer the following questions.1.When was Peter the Great born?2.Who was the co-tsar to Peter I?3.When did Peter I become the independent tsar?1734.What was the pyramidal structure of the state? Who served thewhole country?5.When did Peter the Great build the gateway to Europe?6.What order did the Senate issue in 1721?3. To understand the text better, have a look at some key words and theirdefinitions.Reign is the period of time when a king or queen rules a country.A regent is a person who rules a country only for a limited period, becausethe king or queen is absent or too young, too ill, etc.A sovereign is a king or queen, a tsar or tsarina.Peasantry / peasants (especially in the past) is all the people who owned orrented a small piece of land and grew crops, kept animals, etc.
on it, especiallythose who had a low income, very little education, and a low social position.The nobility is people in the highest social class in some countries.Successor is someone who has an important position after somebody else4. Now we are going to look for detailed information about Peter theGreat.
You’ll be working in pairs or groups, looking for some details of Peter I’slife.1. The task for the first group is to find information about Peter’scharacter and physical attributes and write it down.2. The task for the second group is to read for the tsar’s spheres ofinterest.3. The third group should look for his achievements and put them down.3 ЭТАП. ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНО-ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ1745. Complete the gaps with the words and phrases from the text.1. Peter I, better known to the world as Peter the Great, was born on 9thJune 1672.2. Ten years later in 1682 he was proclaimed tsarand later a co-ruler ofthe state with his elder brother Ivan.3.
He was left the only and absolute monarchof Moskovyon the throne.4. At the age of 22 Peter began_ruling_ the state.5. Peter I demonstrated such remarkable qualities of mind andcharacter as intellectual curiosity and an amazing ability to learn.6. Due to his curious and lively mind Peter acquired knowledge inmanydifferentcraftsandscience,includingshipbuilding,artillery,fortifications, diplomacy, military tactics, mechanics, medicine and astronomy.7. Peter I participated in all kinds of state affairs, both general andspecial.8. He was deeply involved in diplomacy, administration, justice, finance,commerce, industry, education.9. Peter I led the country onto the world stage through a series ofreforms.10. The reforms of Peter the Great affected practically every aspect ofRussian life.11. He developed Russian industry and created a pyramidal form of statestructure.12.
In 1703 Peter the Great founded St. Petersburg, which functioned as agateway to Europe.13. After the North war and the Russo-Turkish War (1710-1711) Peter theGreat carried out modernization of the Navy and the Army.17514. In 1721 the Senate issued an order, officially proclaiming the tsar«Emperor Peter the Great of All the Russias».15. On 28 January 1725, Peter the Great died in great pain, leaving no sonheir.2.
Read the text again and answer the following questions.7.When was Peter the Great born?8.Who was the co-tsar to Peter I?9.When did Peter I become the independent tsar?10.What was the pyramidal structure of the state? Who served thewhole country?11.When did Peter the Great build the gateway to Europe?12.What order did the Senate issue in 1721?6. Now, think about Peter the Great, analyse his life, and try tounderstand:-what personality characteristics help a country leader to be effective;-what achievements of a country leader can be qualified as outstanding;-why some political leaders are remembered in history.4 ЭТАП.
РЕФЛЕКСИВНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ.13.Express your opinion on the question why some political figuresare remembered in history like great leaders.14.In the talk with your friend from abroad prove that Peter I wasa great leader.*176ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 4Обзор тематического содержания УМК из «Федерального перечняучебников, рекомендуемых к использованию при реализации имеющихгосударственную аккредитацию образовательных программ начальногообщего, основного общего, среднего общего образования»1) Учебники для общеобразовательных школ с базовым уровнемизучения английского языка:a. Английскийязык:учебникдляобщеобразовательныхорганизаций с приложением на электронном носителе / [О.В.
Афанасьева,Д. Дули, И.В. Михеева и др.]. - Москва : Express Publishing Просвещение,- (Spotlight / Английский в фокусе).b. Английскийучреждений:языкбазовый:учебникуровень:дляобщеобразовательныхсоответствуетФедеральномугосударственному образовательному стандарту / Ю. А. Комарова, И.В.Ларионова, Р. Араванис и др..
- Москва : Русское слово [и др.], (Инновационная школа)c. Афанасьева О. В., Английский язык : учебник : базовый уровень /О.В. Афанасьева, И.В. Михеева, К.М. Баранова. - Москва : Дрофа, (Rainbow English). - (ФГОС). - (Вертикаль).2) Учебники для общеобразовательных школ с углубленнымизучением английского языка:a. Английскийязык:учебникдляобщеобразовательныхорганизаций и школ с углублённым изучением английского языка / [К.М.Баранова, Д. Дули, В.В. Копылова и др.]. - Москва : ExpressPublishingПросвещение, (Starlight /Звездный английский).b. Верещагина И.
Н., Английский язык = English : 5 класс : учебник: для общеобразовательных организаций и школ с углубленным177изучением английского языка : в 2 ч / И.Н. Верещагина, О.В. Афанасьева.- Москва : Просвещение.Афанасьева О. В., Английский язык = English : учебник для 6-11классов школ с углубленным изучением английского языка, лицеев игимназий / О.В. Афанасьева, И.В. Михеева.
- Москва : Просвещение.В УМК базового уровня Spotlight для каждого класса представленраздел Spotlight on Russia, в котором освещаются следующие аспектыистории, культуры России: деятели культуры (литературы, архитектуры,музыки), спорта и др.5 класс –описание российской школы; русские народные сказки(«Снегурочка»);традиции и праздники (Масленица); экскурсия по МузеюИгрушки в Сергиевом Посаде; отдых в летнем лагере «Орленок»;6 класс -- писатели – А.С. Пушкин; как русские отдыхают (дача);жизнь в Москве; московское метро; московский зоопарк; Сочи – курортнаястолица России;7 класс –А.П.
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