Диссертация (1173136), страница 11
Текст из файла (страница 11)
<…> Charles Seay: We've learnt to recycle and recover many of ourwaste streams in the form of energy, to use them as a fuel. And, we've also learnt tolook at other pattern of applications of some of those wastes92;9) название страны, штата, города – название предприятия (института) –имена исследователей – производство (исследование), например, Baytown, Texas.Home of a giant Exxon chemical complex. Nation-wide clean-up is under way.
<…>Exxon makes several different chemical products here including polypropyleneplastic93.Возможны и другие виды лексико-семантические связей, которые могутвыступать в качестве смысловых опор в процессе рецепции мультимедийноготекста, например, месторождение – виды сырья – добываемое вещество(минерал) – конечный продукт.Г. Грамматические средства связи в устном иноязычном научномсообщении с визуальной опорой:1) межфразовая и / или внутрифразовая связь через степени сравнениянаречий или прилагательных: The chemical we are most familiar with is thestrangest substance on Earth.
It forms solutions that can dissolve solid rock. Yet, it isgentle enough to saturate the tissues of every living thing. Its molecular mass is lessthan most important gases in the air. Yet, it’s normally a liquid dense enough to floata tanker. It is extremely rare on every other planet in the Solar system. Yet, it is one ofVideo «Chemistry and the Environment» // Videocassette «The World of Chemistry». The Annenberg/CPBCollection P.
O. Box2345 S. Burlington, VT05407–234592 Там же93 Там же9155the commonest compounds on Earth. It’s water! And it is the strangest chemical ofall94; Because of water’s unique characteristics, we put it to plenty of other uses. Infact, we use it far more than any other substance on Earth: the annual consumption inthe US for all purposes is two million gallons per person 95;2) корневой повтор или повтор основы слова, при котором наблюдаетсясвязь между однокорневыми частями речи (controversial – controversy; toxic –toxicity).Корневойповторпредполагаетповторкорневойморфемыводнокоренных словах. Полная форма этих слов может не совпадать: Chemicaland industrial pollution. It is a controversial subject, particularly when it comes tohazardous wastes.
<…> Yet there is still controversy about just how dangerous theyreally are96; Most chemicals in the environment can be toxic in large doses. Mostchemicals, in fact, have a threshold dose of toxicity97;3)референциальныйповторэксплицитноготипа(ссылканапредшествующий контекст): And in our bodies all kinds of ingenious circles shuttlearound molecules and energy. The planet that we live on, is, however, a reasonablyclosed system. It has those marvellous circles of carbon dioxide, of water, of sulphur,of other elements in compounds and we are a part of those circles. <…> It may hurtother species, it may interfere with those grand circles98;4) замена смыслового глагола вспомогательным to do, чтобы избежатьтавтологии: But, Marty Chalfie, <…>, then got to the clone from the gene, fromPrasher, as I did as well, but Marty was first and proved that just that gene alone wasself-sufficient; in other words, if you took that gene and expressed it in otherorganisms, and he did it in E.Coli and in worms, then you would generatefluorescence99.5) связь, по любой общности коннотативных значений: To this day, weVideo «Water» // Videocassette «The World of Chemistry».
The Annenberg/CPB Collection P. O. Box2345S. Burlington, VT05407–2345.95 Там же96 Video «Chemistry and the Environment» // Videocassette «The World of Chemistry». The Annenberg/CPBCollection P. O. Box2345 S. Burlington, VT05407–234597 Там же98 Там же99Tsien R. Microscopy: Fluorescent Proteins [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qK9aYnkIr3w. (последняя дата обращения 10.09.2017 г.)9456really don’t have a well-accepted explanation as to why the jellyfish wants to glow,why should it show this remarkable phenomenon, when the water is disturbed; nor dowe know why, when the jellyfish glows, why was it so important that it glows greeninstead of blue.
Why not just leave the aequorin, or if it really was important to glowgreen, why not just change aequorin in the first place to make it glow green directlyrather than invent an additional protein100;6) связь, основанная на основе схожести семантики модальных глаголов иповторе лексических единиц; в каждом из приведенных ниже фрагментоввидеолекции наблюдается схожесть семантики модальных глаголов: (а)возможность, (б) необходимость, обязанность:а) I mean if Congress's spent ten billion dollars for cleaning up toxic wastesdumps you might as well find the ways to clean them up. <…> To clean them up is ...is a matter one could pile, I think public is very little.
But in any case you can spendthe money cleaning101;б) One reason is a huge amount of the material that needs to be handled. Adump can cover many acres and extend fifteen to twenty feet deep. Another reason isthe degree to which the dump must be cleaned up.
Contaminants in water and soil mayhave to be reduced to several parts per million and that can require intensivetreatment of millions of gallons of water and hundreds of thousands of cubic yards ofcontaminated sludge and soil102.Д. Стилистические приемы, используемые для обеспечения связности вустных иноязычных сообщениях с визуальной опорой:а) метафорический повтор, семантический перенос при котором имеетместо повторная номинация, сопровождающаяся потерей или приращениемкакой-либо характеристики: Life is a complex web of chemical circles, set ofbalanced reactions automately powered by sunlight.
The whole Earth makes up a100Tsien R. Microscopy: Fluorescent Proteins [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qK9aYnkIr3w. (последняя дата обращения 10.09.2017 г.)101 Video «Chemistry and the Environment» // Videocassette «The World of Chemistry». The Annenberg/CPBCollection P.
O. Box2345 S. Burlington, VT05407–2345102 Там же57giant bank of chemical compounds103;б) анафорический повтор и сравнение: Like DDT, PCBs have stable carbonchlorine balance. And like DDT they are non-polar, so they dissolve and accumulatepreferentially in body fat104;в) антономазия — использование имени нарицательного в функции именисобственного на основе обыгрывания буквального и переносного / фигуральногозначения слова: Water’s teeming with life, covers 70 percent of this world.
Perhaps,we should have called this planet, not Earth but Ocean105;г) олицетворение, ономатопея. Its molten core churns, generating a magneticfield that envelops the planet (олицетворение). Erupting volcanoes spew gasesand pavenewlandswithfreshlava (олицентворение,окказиональноеиспользование - перифраз идиомы to pave the way (to smth/ for smb)). Earth'ssurface is a jigsaw puzzle (метафора) of continent-sized rocky plates that push, rub,and clash against one another (олицетворение, ономатопея) – powerful processesthat build mountains and reshape landscapes (олицетворение)106;д) риторические вопросы, например, How can people be re-assured thattechnological and economical progress will not harm the environment or health?Through more accurate and open public communication, and through improvements inthe science and management of waste disposal107;е) параллельные конструкции: What we dump or spill, however, we foul onour nest, may hurt us! It may hurt other species, it may interfere with those grandcircles108; After washing it, bleaching and rinsing with water, a glass rod is used tocrush the nodules and liberate the bacteria inside109;Video «Water» // Videocassette «The World of Chemistry».
The Annenberg/CPB Collection P. O. Box2345S. Burlington, VT05407–2345.104 Video «Chemistry and the Environment» // Videocassette «The World of Chemistry». The Annenberg/CPBCollection P. O. Box2345 S. Burlington, VT05407–2345105 Video «Water» // Videocassette «The World of Chemistry». The Annenberg/CPB Collection P. O. Box2345S. Burlington, VT05407–2345.106 Там же107 Там же108 Там же109 Video «The Nitrogen Cycle». YouTube: The Nitrogen Cycle GCSE Science Revision.mp4 (9364055).[Электронный ресурс].
– Режим доступа: URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQAxPLUCLHk (датаобращения 05.09.2017).10358ж) градация: More and more carbon dioxide traps more and more heat — thegreenhouse effect110;з) повтор частей предложений, отдельных выражений: Most chemicals inthe environment can be toxic in large doses. Most chemicals, in fact, have a thresholddose of toxicity111.Кроме этого, для реализации межфразовых связей в аудиотекстеиспользуются такие стилистические фигуры как метонимический повтор (в томчисле синекдоха), симплока, анафора, катафора, подхват, реже хиазм.Е.
Усилительно-выделительные конструкции, как средства связи внутрипредложения:а) рамочная конструкция: It is the only substance that I can think of that doesthis112.в) инверсия Of all planets, Earth is the only one known to have platetectonics113.г) эмфатические do, does, did: But ice does provide one benefit. It floats andinsulates the water underneath from freezing. Ice floats because of another form ofwater’s unusual properties114.Ж.
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