Диссертация (1173136), страница 63
Текст из файла (страница 63)
He cooled water so quickly that it solidified in itsliquid form around biological material. The process formed a kind of glass instead of ice. As a result,the biomolecules were able to keep their natural shape.VI The three scientists will share the $1.1 million prize.The Nobel prizes are named after the Swedish engineer Alfred Nobel. He was the inventor ofdynamite, an explosive.Three Scientists Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry // VOA Learning English.
[Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/nobel-prize-for-chemistry-2017/4056426.html (последняя дата обращения08.02.2018 г.)258300Nobel left $9,000,000 in his will to establish yearly prizes. He said they should go to living peoplewho have worked most effectively to improve human life. The first awards were presented in 1901.VII The chemistry prize is the third Nobel announced this week. The literature winner will be namedThursday and the peace prize will be announced Friday.[Three Scientists Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry// VOA Learning English. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:URL: https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/nobel-prize-for-chemistry-2017/4056426.html (последняя дата обращения08.02.2018 г.)]AFTER YOU READEx.
7. Listen to text 1, write down key words and key phrases, and organize them intosubgroups, according to the example given at the beginning:a) names of the Nobel Prize winners: Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson;b) materials: ……………………………………………………………………….c) the Zika crisis:…………………………………………………………………...d) methods: …………………………………………………………………………e) application: ………………………………………………………………………f) the Nobel Prizes: ………………………………………………………………..Ex. 8.
Listen to text 1 and decide whether these statements are true (Т), false (F). If thesentences are false, correct them.1. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honored three researchers for their work in developingcryo-electron microscopy in 2017.2. The Nobel committee praised the technology for being “decisive for both the basic understandingof life’s chemistry and for the development of pharmaceuticals.”3.
Electron microscopes once were thought to be useful only for examining living material becausethe electron beam destroys biological material.4. Cryo-technology freezes biomaterial at extremely low temperatures to protect the examinedmaterial from damage.5. Cryo-technology was used when scientists began suspecting the Zika virus was causing theepidemic of brain-damaged children in Bolivia.6.
Dubochet’s contribution was to freeze the water in the sample being examined so quickly that itvitrified — forming a kind of glass rather than ice, whose crystalline structure disrupted the electronbeam used to make an image.7. Frank developed mathematical models to sharpen fuzzy electron microscope images.8. In 1990, Richard Henderson succeeded in using an electron microscope to generate a threedimensional image of a protein at atomic resolution.9. Three researchers based in the U.S., Bolivia and Switzerland won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in2017 for developing a technology that allows scientists to visualize molecular processes they hadnever previously seen.Ex. 9. Listen to the text and match the topic sentences A-H to each part I-VII of the text.
Oneof the topic sentences cannot be used. There is an example at the beginning.IIIIIIIVA301VVIVIIA The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 was awarded to JacquesDubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson "for developingcryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structuredetermination of biomolecules in solution".B Three scientists developed cryo-electron microscopy that allows to create 3-D images of biologicalmolecules.C 3-D images of the Zika virus helped scientists to create drugs and vaccines.D The Nobel prizes in literature and peace will be announced later.E The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences called cryo-electron microscopy a decisive method toprotect biological material from damage.F Dr. Jacques Dubochet developed vitrification method that involved shooting the aqueous sampleinto ethane at around -190ºC, which vitrified the water around the sample.G Three Nobel Prize winners largely contributed to science.
Henderson used an electronicmicroscope to produce a 3-D image of the Zika virus. Frank developed the image processing methodthat is essential to generate the sharp three-dimensional structures that electron microscopy is nowknown for. Dubochet advanced the technique involving quick cooling biological material.H Alfred Nobel, a Swedish engineer invented dynamite and founded the Nobel Prizes.Ex. 10. Answer the following questions:1. Who won the 2017 Nobel Prize in chemistry?2. What did three Nobel Prize winners develop?3. Where do three scientists work?4. Why did the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences call cryo-electron microscopy a decisivemethod?5.
What are advantages of cryo-tehnology?6. What is the Zika crisis? Why is the Zika virous so dangerous?7. What did the Nobel Prize laureates use to create drugs and vaccines against the Zika virus?8. What is the contribution to chemistry made by each of the 2017 Nobel laureates?9. What was Alfred Nobel famous for? What was his will?Ex. 11. The first sentence in your abstract reflects the topic of text 1. Complete the firstsentence of your abstract using one of these phrases:The text deals with …The text is concerned with …The text is devoted to …The text informs us about …Ex. 12.
Make the plan of the text and compare it with that in exercise 13.Ex. 13. Complete each point of the plan with detailed information. There is an example at thebeginning.1. The announcement of the names of three recipients of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.302The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistryjointly to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson.2. Universities where scientists work. Their contribution to chemistry.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3.
Cryo-electron microscopy as a decisive method, which both simplifies and improves the imagingof biomolecules.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4. The Zuka virus infection that is linked to an increase in damaged brain of babies in Brazil.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5. The contribution of three Nobel Prize winners to chemistry.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6. Alfred Nobel’s will to establish annual prizes to award living people who have done their best tobenefit mankind.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7.
The forthcoming announcement of the Nobel Prizes in chemistry, literature and peace.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Based on the plan and the instruction given above write the abstract for text 1.GLOSSARY:Unit 1Richard Henderson — Ричард Хендерсон (род. 19 июля 1945, Эдинбург,Шотландия) шотландский учёный-биолог.
Его труды в основном посвящены структурной имолекулярнойбиологии.Известенисследованиямибактериородопсина спомощью электронного и предложенными атомными моделями структуры мембранныхбелков.Jacques Dubochet — Жа́к Дюбоше́ (род. 8 июня 1942, Эгль) — швейцарский биофизик,лауреат Нобелевской премии в области химии (2017). Разработал технологии в303криоэлектронной микроскопии, криоэлектронной томографии и криоэлектронноймикроскопии стекловидных секций. Эти технологии используются для изображенияотдельных биологических структур, таких как белковые комплексы или вирусные частицы.Joachim Frank — Йоахим Франк — немецкий и американский биофизик. Основателькриоэлектронной микроскопии. Лауреат Нобелевской премии по химии за 2017 год.the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences — Шведская королевская академия наукSecretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences — Генеральный секретарьШведской королевской академии наукheadquarters in Stockholm — центральный офис в Стокгольме.The University of Lausanne in Switzerland — Лозаннский университет в ШвейцарииColumbia University in the United States — Колумбийский университет в СШАBritain’s Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology Британская лабораториямолекулярной биологии в Совете по исследованиям в области медициныSwedish — шведский; шведский языкSwitzerland — ШвейцарияStockholm — г.
Стокгольм, столица Швецииthe Zika crisis — вирус, вызывающий болезнь Зикаthe peace prize — Нобелевская премия мираKEYSUNIT 1Ex. 2. 1 e, 2 a, 3 b, 4 c, 5 d, 6 f.Ex. 3. 1 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2 the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 3 Stockholm, 4The Nobel PrizeEx. 4. 1 transmission electron microscopy (TEM); 2 cryo-electron microscopy; 3 cryo-technology; 4freezing the molecule; 5 the sharp three-dimensional structuresEx.
7.a) names of the Nobel Prize winners: Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson;b) materials: molecules of life, biological molecules, biological materials, non-living things;c) the Zika crisis: the Zika virus, the Zika spread.d) methods: cryo-electron microscopy, mathematical models;e) application: new medicines, drug, vaccines;f) the Nobel Prizes: the chemistry Nobel Prize, the literature Nobel Prize, the peace Nobel Prize.Ex. 8. 1 T, 2T, 3F, 4T, 5F, 6T, 7T, 8 T, 9FEx. 9. I A, II B, III E, IV C, V G, VI H, VII D.304.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
