диссертация (1169417), страница 22
Текст из файла (страница 22)
(…) Anselmo must haveknown what he was doing when he brought us here. But I don’t like it. I don’t likeany of it. The only good sign was that Pablo was carrying the pack and that hehad given him the carbine. Perhaps he is always like that, Robert Jordan thought.Maybe he is just one of the gloomy ones. [Hemingway 1994: c. 17].Линия недоверия «свой-чужой» между американцем и испанцамипроходит через весь роман:Robert Jordan, when he put his hand out, expected that it would be like graspingsomething reptilian or touching a leper.
He did not know what Pablo’s hand wouldfeel like. But in the dark Pablo’s hand gripped his hard and pressed it frankly andhe returned the grip. Pablo had a good hand in the dark and feeling it gave RobertJordan the strangest feeling he had felt that morning. We must be allies now, hethought. There was always much handshaking with allies. [Hemingway 1994: c.432].O126Условно к социальной репрезентации можно отнести и НПР, передающуюмысли не людей, а животных. Она представляет собой интерпретациюперсонажами мыслей, чувств, намерений животных на основе их поведения:Fuentes was standing with his back against the barrera.
Two of the cuadrilla wereback of him, with their capes ready to flop over the fence to distract the bull. Thebull, with his tongue out, his barrel heaving, was watching the gypsy. He thoughthe had him now. Back against the red planks. Only a short charge away. The bullwatched him.
[Hemingway 2004: c. 20].Бык едва ли мысленно вербализует свое желание атаковать тореадора; носам Фуентес считывает именно такой посыл, понимая, как близко стоит к немубык, и что бежать ему некуда, так как он действительно уперся спиной вограждение арены. То же самое происходит и с протагонистом, Мануэлем, когдаприходит его черед выйти к быку:The bull had light circles about his eyes. His eyes watched Manuel. He felt he wasgoing to get this little one with the white face.
[Hemingway 2004: c. 22].Присутствие оценочной лексики с условно точки зрения быка (this littleone with the white face) выдает в данном фрагменте НПР. Тем не менее, Хемингуэйне наделяет здесь быка никакими антропоморфными качествами; скорее, этаоценка - взгляд Мануэля на самого себя со стороны. Он видит себя какмаленького человека с бледным лицом - и под пристальным взглядом емукажется, что бык думает о нем также.§3.3. НПР как репрезентация процессов памятиРепрезентированные посредством НПР процессы, связанные с памятьюперсонажей, включают отсылку на услышанное ранее высказывание другогоперсонажа (X remembers that Y said sth):Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different colored capsuleswith instructions for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another aO127purgative, the third to overcome an acid condition. The germs of influenza canonly exist in an acid condition, he explained.
He seemed to know all aboutinfluenza and said there was nothing to worry about if the fever did not go aboveone hundred and four degrees. This was a light epidemic of flu and there was nodanger if you avoided pneumonia. [Hemingway 2006: c. 110].Выделенный фрагмент формально представляет собой внешнюю (устную)НПР врача.
Однако, в данном контексте это прежде всего воспоминаниепротагониста о ранее услышанных словах доктора.Другой тип репрезентации в этой категории - это отражение попыткиперсонажа вспомнить что-либо. Попытки могут быть успешны (X can rememberthat Y said sth):He had decided now that to break would be much easier. He would eat, then, byhimself and could read a book with his meals. They would eat by themselves. Hewould see them through the safari on a very formal basis — what was it theFrench called it? Distinguished consideration — and it would be a damn sighteasier than having to go through this emotional trash.
[Hemingway 2006: c. 4-5].или нет (X cannot remember that Y said sth):(a) «Ciaou», said Nick. He started back along the sunken road toward where he hadleft the bicycle. In the afternoon the road would be shady once he had passed thecanal. Beyond that there were trees on both sides that had not been shelled at all. Itwas on that stretch that, marching, they had once passed the Terza Savoia cavalryregiment riding in the snow with their lances. The horses’ breath made plumes in thecold air.
No, that was somewhere else. Where was that?[Hemingway 2006: c.88-89].(b) What was it that she had said about destruction? He could not remember that.She'd said it but he could not remember it. [Hemingway 1995: c. 31].O128§3.4. НПР как репрезентация формирования оценочного сужденияФормирование оценочных суждений персонажей (как по отношению ксамим себе, так и по отношению к другим людям и объектам) представлено вкорпусе примеров очень широко.По отношению к другим людям (Х thinks that Y is + positive/negative)оценочное суждение может быть как положительным, так и отрицательным:(a) Manuel looked up at the stuffed bull.
He had seen it often before. He felt acertain family interest in it. It had killed his brother, the promising one, about nineyears ago. Manuel remembered the day. There was a brass plate on the oak shieldthe bull’s head was mounted on. Manuel could not read it, but he imagined it wasin memory of his brother. Well, he had been a good kid. [Hemingway 2004: c. 2].(b) In the front row seats the substitute bullfight critic of El Heraldo took a longdrink of warm champagne.
He had decided it was not worthwhile to write arunning story and would write up the corrida back in the office. What the hell wasit anyway? Only a nocturnal. If he missed anything he would get it out of themorning papers. He took another drink of the champagne. He had a date atMaxim’s at twelve. Who were these bullfighters anyway? Kids and bums. A bunchof bums. [Hemingway 2004: c. 21].Оценка может быть высказана по отношению не к самому человеку, но кего действиям (X believes that Y does +Pos/Neg):Manuel let the bull drive into the fallen horse, he was in no hurry, the picador wassafe; besides, it did a picador like that good to worry.
He’d stay on longer nexttime. Lousy pics! He looked across the sand at Zurito a little way out from thebarrera, his horse rigid, waiting. [Hemingway 2004: c. 15].Или же по отношению к животному:(a) Zurito said nothing. He had the only steady horse of the lot. He had tried him,wheeling him in the corrals, and he responded to the bit and the spurs. He hadtaken the bandage off his right eye and cut the strings where they had tied his earsO129tight shut at the base. He was a good, solid horse, solid on his legs. That was allhe needed. [Hemingway 2004: c. 12].(b) Manuel shook his head. He had nothing to do now until the next third. Thegypsy was very good with the banderillos.
The bull would come to him in the nextthird in good shape. He was a good bull. It had all been easy up to now.[Hemingway 2004: c. 20].Интересно опосредованное восприятие оценки одного персонажа другим вотражении третьего (X hears that Y says that Z is/does… + Pos/Neg):Mr. Frazer did not see Cayetano again for a long time, but each morning SisterCecilia brought news of him. He was so uncomplaining she said and he was verybad now. He had peritonitis and they thought he could not live.
Poor Cayetano,she said. He had such beautiful hands and such a fine face and he nevercomplains. The odour, now, was really terrific. He would point toward his nosewith one finger and smile and shake his head, she said. He felt badly about theodour. It embarrassed him, Sister Cecilia said. Oh, he was such a fine patient. Healways smiled. [Hemingway 2006: c. 142].Иными словами, в данном примере оценка Кайетано Сестрой Сесилиейрепрезентируется сначала в ее речи, а затем ее речь вторично репрезентируетсяМистером Фрезером.§3.5. НПР как репрезентация рассуждения.Рассуждения в НПР как правило несут характер неуверенности; персонажобсуждает сам с собой гипотетическую возможность и строит догадки опричинах происходящего (X thinks that this might be … / X believes that this isprobably …):(a) «In the morning if you like," Wilson told him.
Perhaps he had been wrong.This was certainly the way to take it. You most certainly could not tell a damnedthing about an American. He was all for Macomber again. If you could forget themorning. But, of course, you couldn’t. The morning had been about as bad as theycome. [Hemingway 2006: c. 5].O130(b) He thought that it must be the same with her and certainly she acted in thatway but today there had been this thing about the change and the surprise.
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