01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 49
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Across the street from thisset of buildings there are athletic fields, the student center, andmany of the dormitories.The main puфose of the academic program at MIT is to givestudents a sound command (прочное усвоение) of basic principles,the habit of continued learning and the confidence that comes froma thorough and systematic approach to learning. This results incontinued professional and personal growth, especially in today'srapidly changing world.The two essential parts of all MIT educational programs areteaching and research. Both of these activities carried on togetherhave greater potential than either performed alone. They provideexperience in theory and experiment for both students and teachingstaff.229Each student pursues a degree (стремиться получить степень)in one of the departments..
Undergraduate courses at MIT lead tothe degree of Bachelor of Science (S.B.). The academic programsrequire four years of full-time study for the Bachelor of Science. Degrees are awarded on the basis of satisfactory completion of generalinstitute and departmental requirements (общеинститутские и кафедральные требования) in each program.There is enough flexibility (гибкость), however, to allow eachstudent, in collaboration with the adviser, to develop an individualprogram in accordance with his or her own interests and preparation.ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯУпражнение 1. A. Прочитайте словосочетания из текста НА и постарайтесь понять значения выделенных слов.1.
the threshold of а new technological age2. who was awarded the Noble Prize3. which won for them the Noble Prize4. their quality is often unevenB. Подберите к каждому выделенному в А слову соответствующее ему позначению.a. give or grant (by official decision)b. irregular, changingс start, beginningd. get by means of hard work or struggle as a result of competitionУпражнение 2. A.
Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь понять значения терминов memory cells, windings, coils.The practical applications of superconductivity are limited because of the very low temperatures required. Some materials, forexample lead, become almost perfect conductors at very low temperatures at the absolute zero (-273 °C). However, a number ofuses have been proposed.If a current is induced by a magnetic field in a ring of superconducting material, it will continue to circulate when the magneticfield is removed.
In theory this could be made use of in the memorycells of computers. Memory cells made of superconducting material could store information indefinitely. Because of the zero resistivity of the cells, the information could be retrieved quickly, as fastas 10"^ seconds.23090 per cent of the total losses in modern transformers is due tothe resistance of the windings. Transformers could be made withwindings cooled to the low temperature at which superconductivityoccurs.
The resistance would be zero and the transformer would bealmost ideal. Similarly, a 100 % efficient electric motor has beenproposed using the magnetic field of superconducting coils.B. Подберите к каждому слову в колонке А соответствующее из колонки В.1.2.3.4.Вa. find, get backb. unlimitedlyс spirald. length of wire wound in a spiral to conduct electric currente.
bring aboutf take off, awayg. the unit of computer whichstores data for future useАinduceremoveindefinitelymemory cell5. retrieve6. winding7. coilС Найдите в тексте, приведенном в А, три пары синонимов.D. Заполните таблицу на словообразование.VerbNounAdjectiveгetrievalremovabledefineresistantapplyconductivepresentexplanatoryt >eliefi ntroductionУпражнение 3.
Заполните пропуски словами conduct, superconductivity,superconductor, superconductive.1.... at high temperatures was almost discovered in 1979. 2. TheRussian scientists found an oxide of metal they were experimenting231with to ... electric current. Moreover, the lower the temperature,the less resistance the material had.
3. The resistance continued tofall in liquefied nitrogen. To continue the experiments, theyneeded liquid helium. To obtain it was quite a problem at that time.So the experiments were stopped. 4. But it was this compound ofcopper, lanthanum and oxygen that proved to be a ... for which theSwiss physicists were honoured with a Noble Prize in 1987. 5. Laterneither efforts nor money were spared (жалеть, экономить) forthe study of the ... materials.
Moreover, there were no longer anyproblems with helium.Упражнение 4. A. Назовите 15-20 ключевых слов и словосочетаний натему:«Superconductivity research».в. Speak about:Latest achievements in conductivity research.232LESSON 12Сослагательное наклонениеМногофункциональность глаголов should, wouldОсобенности пассивного залогаГлаголы to involve, result in, result fromText 12A. The International Space StationText 12B.
Benefits of Building the ISSText 12C. Living Aboard the Space Shuttle and the ISSText 12D. Time Travel and New UniversesПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 1. Переведите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в сослагательном наклонении.A. 1. Would you like to come with us? 2. Would you be so kindas to tell me how to get to the Red Square? 3. Could you tell me theway to the main building of the University? 4. Would you mindgiving me your dictionary for a minute? 5. Would you be kindenough to pass me the text-book? 6. I'd like to thank you for yourhelp. 7.
He'd like to meet you.B. 1. You are the only person she would listen to. 2. The material in that book is very much out of date. The book must have beenwritten a long time ago. 3. He speaks English well. He must havelived in the United States for a long time. 4. You could have done itin a different way. 5. It's strange he is not here. However, he mighthave forgotten all about it.
Or he might have come while I was out.6. For long journeys in private cars one could use automatic guidance systems. 7. One laser beam could carry all the radio, TV andtelephone messages simultaneously.C. 1. Mary wishes she could drive a car. 2.1 wish that, for just aday, I were President of the United States. 3.1 wish I had not spentso much money yesterday. 4. I wish when a boy I had studied233French instead of English. 5.
John wishes he had been a mechanical engineer. 6.1 wish I had a car. 7.1 wish you had mentioned thisfact to me before.D. 1. If he were better educated, he would get the job. 2. Were Iyou, I should speak to him about it. 3. I would have called you if Ihad had your telephone number. 4. Had she felt better, she wouldhave gone with them. 5. If you watched a laser operate, you mightbe surprised at the simplicity of a device capable of such power.
6.«If I had had a chance to live my life again, I should have tried tocombine the study of the history of art, philosophy and science.»«But then you wouldn't be good at either.» «No, you are probablyright, I'd be a dilettante.»E. 1. K. Onnes found that it was necessary that a mercury wirebe cooled to -265 °C for electrical resistivity to disappear. 2. Tsiolkovsky proposed that liquid propellants should be used for spacetravel. 3.
Recently it has been improbable that superconductivityshould appear at an unbelievable temperature of 98 К in a specialceramic material. 4. The great speeds and high resistance of air demand that new hyperliners be built without windows. 5. It is essential that a superconductor should be a solid material and it isnecessary that it should be cooled to -273 ''C. 6. It was natural forthe ancient Greeks to suppose that the stars, planets, the sun andthe moon move round the Earth in space. 7.
It is possible that acompound should become a superconductor even if the chemicalelements constituting it are not. 8. Copernicus suggested that theSun and not the Earth should be at the centre of everything.Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на союзы inorder that, so that, lest.1. A special system is being developed so that drivers could seeafter dark. 2. Aircraft designers tend to replace conventional metalalloys by new composite materials in order that an aircraft structureshould be lighter.
3. Some materials are cooled almost to -273 °Cso that they should become superconductors. 4. Great attention ispaid to ecological problems all over the world so that air insupercities should be clean. 5. You must put down this formula lestyou should forget it. 6. Metal parts are tested for defects lest theyshould fail in operation. 7. Students must work hard lest theyshould fail at examinations. 8. All kinds of safety devices for motorcars are being developed lest accidents should occur.
9. A hypersonic craft will require complicated cooling measures lest it shouldburn.234Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности страдательного залога.1. International cooperation, especially in the field of space andscience, may be spoken of as a long-standing tradition. 2. The«night vision» system is being worked at in many design bureaus.3. The invention of an internal combustion engine was followed bythe appearance of a motor car as we know it today. 4. Any flying vehicle is acted upon by aerodynamic forces.
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