01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 52
Текст из файла (страница 52)
If he planted it in his field, his neighbours might come atnight and rob (грабить) him. If he planted it near the house, hisown children might steal the apples. Finally he planted the treedeep in the woods where no one could see it. But naturally the treecouldn't grow without sunlight and suitable soil.
In time, it withered(засыхать) and died.Later his friend was criticising him for planting the tree in sucha poor place.«What is the difference», the farmer said. «If I had planted thetree near the road, people would have stolen the fruit. If I hadplanted it in my field, my neighbours would have come at night androbbed me. If I had planted it near my house, my own childrenwould have stolen the apples».«Indeed! But at least someone could have enjoyed the fruit»,said his friend.
«Now you have robbed everyone of the apples, andyou have destroyed a fine tree».A farmer's wife spent most of her time wishing for things whichshe did not possess. She wished she were beautiful; she wished shewere rich; she wished she had a handsome (красивый) husband.Therefore one day fairies (волшебницы) decided to give her threewishes as an experiment.The farmer and his wife talked for a long time over what shewould wish for. But the farmer's wife suddenly became a little hungry (голодный) and wished she had some sausages to eat. At onceher plate was full of sausages.
Then a heated argument began, because her husband said his wife had wasted one of the valuablewishes on such a cheap thing as sausages. The argument grew hotter, and finally the wife cried that she wished the sausages werehanging from her husband's nose. At once a row of sausagesflewtoher husband's nose and stayed there.
Nor could they be removed.Now there was the only one thing the poor woman could do.She really loved her husband and so she had to spend her third wish245in removing the sausages from his nose. Thus, except for the fewsausages, she got nothing from her three wishes.Text 12Bпрочитайте и переведите текст без словаря.
Назовите наиболеепрактичные на ваш взгляд исследования на Международной космической станции.Benefits of Building the International Space StationWhen studying sound, you go into a quiet room. When studyinglight, you go into a dark room. When studying the effects of gravity,you would like to go into an «anti-gravity» room. Since there is nosuch thing on Earth, we have the International Space Station.By flying around Earth at about 17,500 mph the station and everything in it remain in orbit, a continuous free fall around theplanet. In orbit, forces are balanced and the effects of gravity are essentially removed.
The result is microgravity, one of the unique phenomena of the ISS environment that promises new discovery. Thus,the ISS allows long-term exposure to a world nearly unexplored.Gravity affects everything. From our bodies to the materials weuse to build cars and buildings, to the flames we use to heat ourhomes, our world is controlled by gravity. Even flames burn differently without gravity. Reduced gravity reduces convection currents, the currents that cause warm air or fluid to rise and cool airor fluid to descend on Earth. This absence of convection changesthe flame shape in orbit and allows studies of the combustion process that are impossible on Earth.
The absence of convection allowsmolten metals or other materials to be mixed more thoroughly inorbit than on Earth, opening the way to a whole new world of composite materials. Scientists plan to study this field, to create bettermetal alloys and more perfect materials for applications such ascomputer chips. Investigations that use lasers to cool atoms to nearabsolute zero may help us understand gravity itself.While investigating our surroundings, we have been limited,until recently, to accepting gravity as a given factor in all our studies.History shows that changing what once was constant can lead torevolutionary discoveries.The 19th century saw temperature and pressure become controlled in new ways to use steam power and revolutionize the waywe live.
The 21st century offers the hope of controlling gravity's effects to understand why things behave the way they do. Observingand understanding this behaviour is key to new discoveries in manyscientific disciplines and using that knowledge is key to the im246provement of life on Earth. The station will allow mankind to perform research that may result in new medicines, materials andindustries on Earth and will benefit people all over the world.The Space Station Mir gave us a platform for long-term microgravity research, and important knowledge about how to live andwork in space. Like all research, we must proceed one step at atime. As we open one door, answering one question, we are facedwith the opportunity of more doors, more questions.The ISS is the next step in that journey of discovery, and represents a quantum leap (скачок) in our capability to conduct research on orbit.
In space, electrical power is key to the quantity andquality of research. When completed, the ISS's enormous solarpanels will supply 60 times more power for science than did Mir.This and the large space available for experiments will provide scientists with unprecedented access to this unique environment.Aboard the ISS scientists will explore basic questions in thefields of biotechnology, biomedical research, fluid physics, fundamental biology, physics.
Earth science and space science. Observations of the Earth from orbit are expected to help the study oflarge-scale, long-term changes in the environment. The effects ofair pollution, such as smog over cities; the cutting and burning offorests, and of water pollution are visible from space and can provide a global perspective unavailable from the ground.Thanks to its research and technology the station is certain toserve as an absolutely essential step in preparation for future humanspace exploration.Text 12CПрочитайте текст и опишите жилые отсеки Шаттла и Международной космической станции.Living Aboard the Space Shuttle and the ISSWe often see the cosmonauts carry out their complicated workin space, but what do they do in their off-duty hours? What do theyeat, where do they sleep?One of the main features of the Shuttle is the relatively lowforces of gravity during launch and reentry.
These are about 3 g,that is within the limits that can be withstood by people.Its living accommodation is relatively comfortable. The crewcabin is 71.5 m. There are two floors inside the cabin. On the toplevel, the commander and pilot monitor and control sophisticatedequipment. Behind their seats is a work area where the crew cancarry out experiments.247The bottom level is the living area.
It contains facilities forsleeping, eating and waste disposal.Living in such a kind of cabin requires only ordinary clothing.Air pressure is the same as the Earth's at sea level. This air is madeof 80 % nitrogen and 20 % oxygen. The air is cleaner than theEarth's. Temperature can be regulated between 16 and 32 °C.The Shuttle meals are eaten in a small dining area consisting ofa table and restraints (ограничители) which function as chairswhile eating in zero-gravity. Meals are served in a special traywhich separates different food containers and keeps them fromfloating around in the weightless cabin. Most foods can be eatenwith ordinary spoons and forks as long as there are no sudden startsand stops.Just as on Earth recreation and sleep are important to goodhealth in space. Different games, books and cassette-recorders tolisten to music are available.In zero-gravity there is no «up» position and the cosmonaut isoriented in the sleeping bag as if he or she were sleeping up.
Nowbeds are built into the walls with an individual light, communications, fan, sound suppression, blanket and sheets. They even havepillows.Experiences on the space shuttle have helped prepare astronauts for life aboard the International Space Station. Let's imaginethe life at the station in several years.Life-support systems on the ISS can supply cleaner air, purerwater, better food and more sanitary toilet facilities than on thespace shuttle. Life aboard the station may not be easy, but it is significantly healthier and more pleasant than in the past, allowingastronauts to focus on the scientific research and station maintenance that occupy them for about 9 hours a day.The kitchen on the station, for the first time in space history,has refrigerators and freezers.
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