01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 51
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Such a vehicle could be operational by the beginning of the next century. 11. One should know that the broaderthe basis for utilizing a space station is, the better the prospects foreconomic efficiency of developing it are. 12. After the Challengertragedy the military experts insisted that a new Shuttle should bebuilt. 13. It was reported that the appearance of photon computerscould be expected.239Упражнение 11. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности страдательного залога.1. In mechanics the study of kinematics is followed by the studyof dynamics. 2.
A gas may be looked upon as the vapour of a liquidwith a very low boiling point or very great vapour pressure. 3. Leadis very slightly acted upon by the oxygen of the air. 4. The works ofTsiolkovsky were followed by a number of very important works inthe field of astronautics. 5. The production of special metallurgical alloys is seldom influenced by gravity. 6. This article describesdesign characteristics which are followed by the description of theresults of the experiments.
This description is followed by a discussion of nontechnical aspects of the lunar programme proposed.Упражнение 12, Переведите предложения с глаголом to resw//с различными предлогами.1. It is well known that automation results in higher labour productivity. 2. The first manned space flight has resulted from thegreat achievements in Russian science.
3. This experiment resultedin the discovery of several new properties of the composite material, 4. A release of atomic energy results from a very complex process. 5. World War II resulted in the victory of the USSR, the USand Great Britain. 6. Such experiments usually result in obtainingnew information. 7. The motion of an electron results from a forceacting upon it.
8. The growing intensity of air traffic has resulted inthe automation of its control. 9. Newton's famous work «Principia»resulted from 40 years of experimental work.УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫУпражнение 13. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся слова.gravity, peaceful, permanent, consequence, subatomic, dominant, relative, relativity, flexible, apparently, celebrity, novelty,connection, complicate, desirable, significant, utilize, pressure, famous, involvement, significance, weightlessness, eaten, recorder,supression, useless, dense, density, depth, damage, shorten.Упражнение 14. Образуйте существительные от слов.appear, explore, prepare, prior, important, implement, transit,propose, create, lighten, encode, structural, useful, discuss, grow,store, differ, electronic.240Упражнение 15.
Найдите:а) синонимыspacecraft, to call, artificial, significance, area, man-made,satellite, purpose, complicated, importance, space vehicle, explorer, aim, to guide, to offer, researcher, investigation, to incorporate, sophisticated, to propose, to determine, exploration, todefine, to gather, to control, to collect, to name, to include, district, moon;б) антонимыspecial, upper, unmanned, natural, last, manned, unequal,conventional, distant, first, lower, civil, equal, inefficient, military,near, efficient, artificial.Упражнение 16.
Переведите предложения с глаголом to involve и его производными.1. NASA began looking for the way to involve other countriesin its post-Apollo space programme. 2. International involvement inthe space programme raises a number of questions. 3. The international programme has involved Russia, Canada, Japan and some developing countries, as well as both individual European countriesand various European space organizations. 4. There exists a cleartrend towards increased international involvement in those uses ofspace which could be economically beneficial.
5. The aim of theexperiment involving dogs, monkeys and other animals aboardKosmos satellite was to study the way zero gravitation affects theliving organisms. 6. An efficient radiator is capable of warming alarge room, the process involved is called convection. 7. Work withcomputers and other sophisticated electronic devices involves twodifferent types of construction: hardware and software.Упражнение 17. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции слова only.1. You are the only person who could help us in solving thisproblem. 2. The International Academy of Astronautics includingnearly one thousand scientists and engineers from 50 countries isthe only organization which can plan technical efforts on an international scale.
3. Only through cooperation on a world-wide scalecould space technology be improved. 4. Effective communicationacross national borders appeared to be the only way for space science to develop successfully.241Упражнение 18. Найдите глаголы-сказуемые в страдательном залоге, переведите.Dolly Madison was born in South Carolina while her parentswere visiting there. She was soon taken to Virginia where she waseducated.
She was taught by her Quaker parents to say «thee» and«thou» for «you». Dolly was married to John Payne who died ashort time afterwards from yellow fever. Several years later she wasmarried to James Madison, a brilliant lawyer. When Thomas Jefferson was elected President of the US, James Madison becameSecretary of State. Mr. Jefferson was a widower, so Dolly was ofteninvited to preside at the White House. When James Madison waselected president, Mrs.
Madison was the hostess of the WhiteHouse on all occasions. People from everywhere were impressedwith her sincerity and her love for humanity.Упражнение 19. Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их.beaten, steal, carrying out, learnt, ate, slept, fly.Упражнение 20. Прочитайте и переведите текст без словаря.Exploration experts suggest that the tiny moon Phobos shouldbe used as a perfect place for gas refilling station. Some scientiststhink Phobos rocks to contain crystalline ice.
If one heats them, itwill be possible to produce water. The latter could be divided intohydrogen and oxygen which are necessary components for rocketpropulsion. Such a fuel supply would greatly reduce the amount ofweight that must be delivered from the Earth for manned missionsto Mars.
Thus, it might be possible for spacecrafts to leave theEarth for Mars carrying no return fuel. To get home, they shouldsimply fill up at Phobos.CONVERSATIONExercise 1. Answer the questions.1. What is the ISS? (the most complex and expensive structurein space and research facility orbiting the Earth) 2. What will itlook like when completed? (a supersize Lego set, almost as long asa football field) 3. What is its size compared with Russian-built Mirspace station? (five times the Mir station size) 4. What modules is itexpected to consist of? (36 modules) 5. How many countries are involved in the project? (16 countries) 6.
What methodology is being242used to build the ISS? (the same methodology as for Mir but on alarger scale) 7. What is the purpose of the ISS? (to promote international cooperation and create peacetime jobs for highly skilledworkers and engineers)Exercise 2. Make a sentence out of the two parts.1. The Russians and Americans are equal partners2.
It is suggested that3. It is very important4. The multi-national crewwill occupy5. Space experts expect6. The cost of the station islikely7. The ISS is more1. to be more than $40 billion.2. that all individual elements comingfrom different suppliers all over theworld should fit together properly.3. Russia deliver 12 key modules forthe station.4. the official life of the station to be10 years.5. the station and stay on it up to187 days.6.
than merely the next great adventure of the space age: it is a politicalprogram as well as a science program.7. in the implementation of this massive engineering project weighing400 tons.Exercise 3. Read and learn.SatellitesPeter: Hello, Ann. How did you happen to come to California?Ann,: Hello, Peter. How are you? My father got a job here. It is soexciting to meet you here.
I've not seen you since you graduated from the University.P.:I'm working on a newspaper. I cover the space research problems. Now I study the application of space satellites for scientific puфoses.A.:I think that the best application of satellites is for military purposes.P.:You are absolutely wrong. The most promising field of аррИcation of satellites is the scientific one.A.:Oh, Yes, I know satellites look down on everything: theclouds, forests and oceans, the winds, ice on the sea.
Butdon't forget spy (шпион) satellites.243p.:A.:P.:A.:P.:A.:P.:A.:Spy and weather satellites gather data for forecasting. TheJapanese have a satellite studying the ocean; European andRussian satellites produce radar images of the ground; anAmerican satellite is studying the upper atmosphere.It seems to me that the era of satellites has passed. You see,the Japanese have already delayed the launch of their earthobserving mission.Yes, they did, because of cost. The most effective way togather data is not always with a big satellite.Have you met my elder brother Mike?Of course, I have.
We played in the same football team at thecollege, though he is about three years older than me.He is five years older than you. He takes part in the researchprogramme at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Theyare developing now a small cheap satellite. It would carrythree simple instruments to measure clouds, water vapour andsurface temperature.Oh, really. I think, that such researches make sense, and helpdevelop a single Global Chmate Observing System.Such a system could change the world or at least see the worldchanging.Exercise 4. Comment on the following statement.Space exploration ought to be abandoned (откладываться) until more important problems of mankind have been solved.One point of view : Space exploration is very expensive; food production is farmore important than Mars studies or Moon walks; it is immoral to spend huge sums ofmoney on space exploration while millions of people suffer hunger (голод); space exploration is useless anyway because we can't colonize other planets; it would be muchbetter to colonize, for example, the Sahara before trying to colonize the Moon orMars; mankind must not waste its resources.A contrary point of view: Space exploration is of great significance for scientificand technological development; space exploration gives man new knowledge that hecan use for other purposes; we may find 10,000 things to do on the ISS that nobodyhas thought of or even imagined.Exercise 5.
Conduct a scientific conference on: «The potential of spaceexploration for peaceful purposes».Use texts 12 A, B, C, exercise 3 (Satellites) as a basis for the preparation of oraltalks and discussion. Useful words and phrases of scientific communication are givenin exercise 5 (see Lesson 10 «Conversation»).244Exercise 6. Read and smile.The Farmer and the Apple TreeA farmer once had a friend who was famous for wonderful appletrees which he grew. One day this friend gave the farmer a fineyoung tree and told him to take it home and plant it. The farmerwas pleased with the gift, but when he got home he did not knowhow to plant it. If he planted it near the road, people might stealthe fruit.
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