01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 48
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Read and learn.Professor Brown: Hello, glad to meet you, prof. Smith, haven't seenyou for ages, since I left the University.Prof. Smith:How do you do, prof. Brown, I haven't expected tosee you here. Are you interested in superconductivity problems? By the way, how are you making yourliving? I haven't heard anything about your worklately. I spent the last two years in Geneva as amember of a special UN committee.Pr. В.:I am with Bell Telephone company. It is a globalleader in electrical engineering.
And I deal withnew technologies.225Pr. S.: Oh, your work is so important nowadays. Mankind needs energy for producing light, heat and transportation. This is thebasis of our civilization.Pr. В.: Sure, that's so. And as the population grows, so does the demand for better quality of life. Energy consumption increasesdaily.Pr. S.: But with it the threat to clean air, pure water and soil increases too. These natural resources are not inexhaustible.Pr. В.: Of course. We are developing new industrial systems to improve productivity, reducing the amount of raw materials andenergy required. Our new advanced systems help to conserveenergy too.Pr. S.: In Geneva one of the problems I studied was the problem togenerate, transmit and distribute energy with great efficiency.I think Doctor Carter's work in this field is the most promising.
From the Agenda (повестка дня) we have all just received you can see that Dr.Carter will speak on his worktomorrow,Pr.B.: I have already seen this paper on the program, 1 won't miss(пропустить) it. Have you attended the morning session?Pr. S.: The most interesting was the discussion on the problems ofthe balance between the needs of mankind and the conservation of the natural resources.Pr.
В.: Have you taken part in it?Pr. S.: Certainly. I've spoken about clean and efficient technology inthe field of electrical engineering.Exercise 4. Comment on the following statement.The teaching routine procedures (заведенный порядок, общеизвестная и установившаяся практика) ought to be the mainaim of education.One point of view : Routine makes life and experiments easier, it saves energy; experience of past generations takes on the form of routine; routine helps us to avoidrisks; thanks to routine we don't have to rediscover things; routine ensures efficiencywhile experimenting, it enables us to achieve a high level of predictabiUty.A contrary point of view : Routine kills invention and discovery, it is opposite tocreativity; it is necessary to avoid routine so that the world can be changed for thebetter; young people ought to develop their imagination, but not learn routine; routineis the exact opposite of youthfulness; routine is boring; the best idea would be to combine routine with improvisation.226Exercise 5.
Conduct a round-table discussion on «Superconductivity Research».Use texts 11 A, B, С as a basis for the preparation of oral talks and discussion.Useful words and phrases of scientific communication are given in exercise 5 (see Lesson 10 «Conversation»).Exercise 6, Read and smile.For a long time Edison's visitors wondered (удивлялись) whythe gate (калитка) to his garden was so difficult to open.Once his friend said: «The gate to your garden is so heavy.
Ihave to use all my strength to open it. I cannot understand this.You are such a brilliant man. You can invent something better».«The gate seems to be all right», Edison answered with a smile.«The fact is that it is a brilliant invention.» «You are laughing atme, sir!» «No, I am not. The gate is connected to a pump. Everybody who comes in pumps twenty litres of water out of the well(колодец).»An absent-minded (рассеянный) professor was once travellingby electric train, and when the conductor came the professorcouldn't find his ticket.«It's all right, sir», said the conductor who knew the professorvery well, «I'll come at the next station».But at the next station there was the same difficulty, the professor couldn't find his ticket anywhere.«It's all right, sir, it doesn't matter (не имеет значения)», saidthe conductor. «No, no I must find the ticket, I must know whereI'm going to!»Text IIBПрочитайте текст и озаглавьте его.Superconductivity is а state of matter that chemical elements,compounds and alloys assume on being cooled to temperaturesnear to absolute zero.
Hence, a superconductor is a solid materialthat abruptly loses all resistance to theflowof electric current whencooled below a characteristic temperature. This temperature differsfor different materials but generally is within the absolute zero(-273 °C). Superconductors have thermal, electric and magneticproperties that differ from their properties at higher temperaturesand from properties of nonsuperconductive materials.227Now hundreds of materials are known to become superconductors at low temperature.
Approximately 26 of the chemical elements are superconductors. Among these are commonly knownmetals such as aluminium, tin, lead and mercury and several lesscommon ones.Most of the known superconductors are alloys or compounds.It is possible for a compound to be superconducting even if thechemical elements constituting it are not.Text l i eпрочитайте текст и найдите информацию о применении сверхпроводников в будущем. Изложите кратко содержание текста по-английски.New Норе for EnergyRecently some ceramic materials have been found to be superconductors.
Superconducting ceramics are substances which cantransmit electric currents with no loss of energy at temperaturesmuch higher than conventional superconductors (that is, at thetemperature of liquid nitrogen).One use for the new superconductors would be to replace thosethat need the extreme cold of liquid helium — huge superconducting electromagnets used in nuclear magnetic resonance research,atomic particle acceleration and research reactors.Other types of electromagnets made with superconductorscould be used to lower the cost of electric generation and storage.Such uses may take 10 years of research, a quicker use will probablybe in electronics.Researchers now estimate that tiny but immensely powerfulhighspeed computers using superconductors may be three to fiveyears away. Further off are 300 m.p.h.
trains that float on magneticcushions which now exist as prototypes but may take at least a decade to perfect. Power lines that can meet a city's electric needswith superconductor cables may be even further in the future.Meanwhile, scientists around the world are trying to turn thenew materials into useful products. Among the most notable is amicron-thin film to transmit useful amounts of electric currentwithout losing superconductivity. The film could be used in the microscopic circuitry of advanced computers as high-speed pathway(маршрут, соединение) between computer chips.Several nations are known to be very active in superconductorresearch.
For example, the United States is spending millions of228dollars on such research, much of it for military uses: projectile accelerators, lasers, ship and submarine propulsion.Text IIDПрочитайте текст и расскажите по-английски о Массачусетском Технологическом Институте.Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMIT is an independent university located in Boston area. It wasfounded in 1861 by William Barton Rogers, a distinguished naturalscientist, who believed professional competence to be best fostered(воспитывать) by the combining of teaching, research, and the application of knowledge to real-world problems. MIT held its firstclasses in 1865 after having delayed opening because of the CivilWar. There were approximately 15 students enroled at that time.Today MIT has about 9,700 students, a faculty (профессорско-преподавательский состав) of approximately 1,000 and several thousand research staff.
The total teaching staff numbers morethat 1,800. The institute is broadly organized into five academicSchools — Architecture and Planning, Engineering, Humanitiesand Social Science, Management and Science — and a large number of interdisciplinary programs, laboratories, and centers, including the Whitaker College of Health Science, Technology andManagement. A unique feature of MIT is that undergraduates joinwith graduate students, faculty, and staff to work on research projects throughout the institute.Most academic activities take place in a group of interconnected buildings designed to permit easy communication amongthe Schools and their 22 departments.
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