01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 50
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5. The improvement ofour working conditions and life is influenced by the achievementsof scientific and technological progress. 6. New developments inthe field of superconductivity are much written about at present.7. The invention of a steam engine was followed by the first industrial revolution. 8.
The neutron is not influenced by a magneticfield. 9. The appearance of a jet engine was followed by a tremendous increase of aircraft speeds. 10. The problems of interplanetaryflight are dealt with in the latest magazine.Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения с глаголом to involve и его производными (занимать, быть занятым, вовлекать, связанный с этим).1. While on their last space flight French cosmonauts weremostly involved in carrying out scientific experiments. 2.
A program to establish an International Lunar Base may involve manynations. 3.The struggle for the protection of Lake Baikal has shownthe true position of the organizations involved. 4. To understandthe operation of computers one must understand the principles involved.СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕУпражнение 5. Переведите производные слова согласно образцу:префикс тиШ- (много-)multi-room — многоместный, multi-national —многонациональныйmulti-stage rocket, multi-purpose, multi-functional, multi-lateral, multiplex, multimedia, multi-ton vehicle.Упражнение 6. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.international station [,inta'naejenl 'steijen], civilization[,sivilai'zeij9n], orbit ['o:bit], assembly [e'sembli], shuttle ['jAtI],routine [ru:4i:n], partner ['pa:tn9], multi-national ['mAlti-'naeJenI],majority [me'dsoriti], astronaut ['aestrenoit], mission ['mijen], official [e'fijel], object ['obdsikt], visible ['vizibl], module235['modju:l], process ['preuses], ambitious [aem'bijes], project['prodjekt], control [kan'traul], commercial [кэ'тэ:/э1], biotechnology [,bai9utek'nol9cl5i].Упражнение 7.
Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.launch [lo.nf], extension [iks'tenjen], research [ri'se:^], facility [fe'siliti], crew [kru:], alternately [o:rt8:netli], expectancy[iks'pektensi], Venus [Viines], awesome ['o:s8m], Canada['kaenede], Japan [dse'paen], Brazil [bre'zil], European[juare'piien], behave [bi'heiv], trouble [ЧглЫ], citizen ['sitizn],dozen ['dAzn], opportunity [,ope4ju:niti], basic ['beisik], риф08е['рэ:р9$], investigation [in,vesti'geij9n], adventure [9dVenf9],promote [pr9'm9ut], require [ri'kwai9], billion ['bilj9n], enterprise ['ent9praiz], advertise ['aedv9taiz].СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯadd V — прибавлять, присоединятьadvertise v — рекламироватьattract V — привлекать, притягиватьbehave v — вести себя,работатьbroad а — широкийdeliver v — доставлятьenterprise п — предприятиеestablish v — учреждать, организовыватьexplore V — исследовать, изучатьfacility п — сооружение, оборудованиеfit V — соединять, подгонятьflight п — полетfollow V — следовать (за)hence adv — следовательноimplementation п — выполнение, осуществлениеinvestigation п — исследованиеlast V — сохраняться, длитьсяlaunch V — запускатьmaintain v — обслуживать, содержатьmission п — задача, полетnote V — отмечатьopportunity п — благоприятнаявозможностьpredict V — предсказыватьpromote V — способствовать,содействоватьproperly adv — должным образом, правильноspace п — пространство, космосstay V — оставаться, житьsupply V — снабжать, обеспечиватьtrouble п — неисправность, повреждениеalternately — поочередноat least ~ по крайней мере236Text 12AЧто вам известно о проекте создания Международной космической станции? Как осуществляется проект на данный момент? Прочитайте текст, проверьте ваши ответы, переведите.The International Space StationThe International Space Station (ISS), the most complex andexpensive structure that has ever been launched and built in space,is expected to be a permanent off-planet extension^ of human civilization.
When completed, it will be a multi-room hotel and research facility orbiting the Earth every 90 minutes. By that time,resupply and assembly flight by shuttles or rockets will have become routine.The Russians and Americans are partners in this internationalenterprise. The three-person multi-national crews will be alternately composed of two Americans and one Russian followed by aRussian majority. Later a six or seven-person crew will occupy thestation. Some astronauts may stay on the ISS up to 187 days, butthere are no plans yet for longer missions. The official life expectancy of the station itself is 10 years, but it should last much longer.Five times the size of the Russian space station Mir, the ISSwill be one of the biggest objects in the night sky, looking like asupersize Lego set^, almost as long as a football field. Only theMoon and Venus will be bigger and more visible.The fifth-generation station's complexity is as awesome^ as itssize.
Built by a partnership of 16 nations, the ISS will consist of 36modules and hundreds of individual elements that come from allover the world. The station involves the most technologically advanced nations — Russia, the United States, Canada, Japan,Brazil, and 11 European nations. There will be many interconnected parts from so many countries that it would be impossible topredict how they would interact.Hence, it is very important that all of these elements made bydifferent suppliers should fit together properly and work exactly asplanned. But even if all the parts fitted perfectly, the assembly process itself in orbit would be risky.
The space station is flown while itis being constructed and each new building block added mightchange the way the station behaves in flight, which could result inserious trouble.The ISS may be the world's most ambitious engineering projectin history, but it could not have been realized without previous extensive experience in operating the Russian Mir space station. Mir237was a great achievement. Russia learned how to build and maintaincomplex structures in space.
Mir also gave citizens of more than adozen countries their first opportunity to explore space. It shouldbe noted that Mir has proved to be the perfect training ground forthe ISS. For more than a decade, at least two humans were alwaysin low Earth orbit. That is why it was planned that Russia wouldsupply and deliver 12 modules for the future station, each being akey module among its 36 ones. They are: the basic power module,the control, the life support, the service modules and others.What is the puфose of the ISS? It is a political program as wellas a science program. This program is no longer only about conducting scientific investigations in the absence of gravity, or aboutlearning how to build a massive project weighing 400 tons in orbit,or about establishing the base for a future trip to Mars.
The ISS ismore than merely the next great adventure of the space age. It isalso about promoting international cooperation and creating thousands of peacetime jobs for highly skilled workers and engineers.The implementation of the broad international program wouldrequire more than $40 billion.
Some space experts would like to attract commercial users such as, e.g., biotechnology companies inorder that the cost of the station should be lowered. And some specialists have even suggested that the station be used for advertisingand Hollywood filmmaking.Notes to the Text1. off-planet extension — внепланетное продолжение2. Lego set — конструктор Л его3. is awesome — поражает, внушает благоговение, трепетУПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 8. Определите различные функции глагола should, переведите.1.
It should be said that the importance of Mars studies is acknowledged by all. 2. Reliability of every vehicle should be paidgreat attention to during the production process. 3. It is requiredthat an airplane should be well balanced dynamically. 4. Shouldthere be even a small deviation (отклонение) in the velocity, thespace vehicle would pass the planet. 5.
K.E. Tsiolkovsky suggestedthat man-made rockets for the future space flights should useliquid-propellant engines. 6. We were told that we should take partin the discussion. 7. One should not forget that electricity is themost important source of energy at present.238Упражнение 9. Определите различные функции глагола would, переведите.1.
Halley predicted that the comet would appear at regular intervals of 75 years. 2. If you were on the first manned space stationyour task would be to study the stars and planets including Earth.3. Some materials cooled to proper temperature would conductelectricity practically without any resistance. 4. In the future it maybe possible to build a dirigible with a metal hull that would carryhundreds of passengers round the world. 5.
In 1883 Tsiolkovskywrote that rocket would be the only means able to reach outerspace. 6. Popov would make his experiments with radio althoughthe government was not interested in the work. 7. We tried to startthe car, but it would not go. 8.
We know that a body in motionwould continue to travel in a straight line unless some force wereapplied. 9. Without gravity we would not be able to walk in an upright position. 10. Non-equatorial regions of Mars would be difficult and expensive to reach and explore.Упражнение 10. Найдите предложения, где should является модальнымглаголом и где глаголы would, could и might выражают сослагательное наклонение.1. It is essential that international cooperation should be as productive as possible.
2. Research and technology should provide thebasis for a better life. 3. Military uses of a space station could complicate international cooperation since there are several neutralcountries among the participants. 4. It is desirable that international space cooperation should give significant economic advantage for the countries involved.
5. NASA agreed that Canada woulddevelop a remote manipulation system for the space Shuttle. 6. Itshould be pointed out that Japan space programmes are based onclose government-industry cooperation. 7. The craft to belaunched would essentially be used as a service module for spacestations. 8. Typical missions of a new system might include the assembly of space structures. 9. Exploring Phobos would be a difficultproblem because of its small gravity field. If an astronaut threw astone right ahead, it would orbit the entire moon and hit him in theback of the head. 10.
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