01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 47
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3. People considered dirigibles to betoo slow and unreliable, that is why they were not used for a longtime. Dirigibles were considered to be slow and unreliable. 4. Experts expect the new submersible craft to move round the oceanfloor like a sports car. The new submersible craft is expected tomove round the ocean floor like a sports car. 5. Scientists in manycountries consider propeller engines to be much more economical.Propeller engines are considered to be much more economical.6.
We know propeller planes to fly slower than jet planes, therefore,a new ventilator engine with a propeller has been built. But as propeller planes are known to fly slower than jet planes a new ventilator engine with a propeller has been built.Упражнение 14. Найдите предложения со сложным подлежащим, переведите.1. The phenomenon of superconductivity appears to have beendiscovered as early as 1911. 2. Before 1911 superconductivity was assumed to be impossible.
3. Recent discoveries in superconductivitymade scientists look for new conducting materials and for practicalapplications of the phenomenon. 4. The latest achievements in thefield of superconductivity are certain to make a revolution in technology and industry. 5. Recommendations from physicists will allow the necessary measures to be taken to protect the air frompollution. 6. Lasers are sure to do some jobs better and at muchlower cost than other devices. 7. M.
Faraday supposed a light beamto reverse its polarisation as it passed through a magnetised crystal.8. Superconductors are likely to find applications we don't eventhink of at present. 9. A Dutch physicist found a superconductingmaterial to return to normal state when a strong magnetic field wasapplied. 10. Properties of materials obtained in space prove to bemuch better than those produced on Earth.
11. There are prospectsfor lasers to be used in long distance communication and for transmission of energy to space stations. 12. The electrical resistivity of amercury wire was found to disappear when cooled to —269 °C.13. Additional radio transmitters let the pilot make his approach toan aiфort by watching his flight instruments. 14. There seems to bea lot of alloys and compounds that become superconductors undercertain conditions.221УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫУпражненве 15. Определите, к какой части речи относятся слова.resistant, resist, resistance, resistor, resistivity; superconductivity, superconductive, superconductor, superconducting; theory,theorist, theoretical, theorize; physics, physicist, physical, physically; explain, explainable, explanation; store, storage, storable.Упражнение 16. Найдите русскому слову соответствующее английское.достижение — achievable, achievement, achieve;электронный — electronics, electronic, electron;легче — easily, easy, easier;удовлетворять — satisfy, satisfactory, satisfaction;действительно — reality, realise, really.Упражнение 17.
Переведите слова с суффиксом -ward (-wards), обозначающим направление.toward(s), forward(s), backward(s), afterward(s), downward(s),outward(s), northward(s), southward(s), rearward(s), homeward(s), sideward(s), windward(s), upward(s).Упражнение 18. Найдите слова с нестандартным образованием множественного числа.There are а few words taken over from Latin and Greek thatstill retain their original plurals in English. In some cases we canuse either. Formulas is seen more often than formulae. Antenna —antennae (pi). Many think that media, strata and phenomena areall singular.
They aren't. Data, a plural, is used both ways.Here are some foreign singular and plural forms of words oftenused in English. Latin: medium (a means of mass communication)— media, nucleus (ядро атома) — nuclei; Greek: analysis —analyses; axis — axes; crisis — crises; hypothesis — hypotheses;phenomenon — phenomena.Упражнение 19.
Найдите синонимы и антонимы,below — above; useful — useless; easy — difficult; field —sphere; to meet demands — to meet requirements (needs); full —complete; to use — to apply; to get — to obtain; moreover — besides; sufficient — enough; likely — unlikely; to continue — to discontinue; conductivity — nonconductivity; to vary — to change; tolead to — to result in; recent — latest; advantage — disadvantage;222low — high; believable — unbelievable; to lose — to find; tiny —huge; liquid -- solid; unexpected — expected; common — ordinary.Упражнение 20. Запомните выделенные слова и словосочетания.1. The climate in this part of the world is the most suitable forpeople to live in. It is neither too hot, nor too cold.
2. Many lasersgive off invisible radiation either infrared or ultraviolet. 3. There isthe tropical zone on either side of the Equator. 4. It is possible todivide all countries into classes: developed and developing countries. Various criteria may be used to include a particular country ineither of the two categories. 5. The numbers are either odd or even.6. Such satellites can contain either television cameras or photographic equipment for transmitting pictures to Earth.«I see you are not a scientific person, my friend».«Why do you say that?»«You do not take good care of your car.
You have no water inyour radiator».«I thought that I had plenty of water».«You have no oil either. You will ruin your car if you run itwithout oil».«Have I plenty of water in the storage battery?»«No, you haven't a drop».«I haven't any air in my spare tire, either».«Have you any extra tubes?»«No, I haven't, but I have a good tube in the spare tire. I hadfour new tubes when I met a man who was having tire trouble. Hehadn't an extra tube. I let him have my tubes. I suppose he was nota scientific person either. His car was in a worse condition thanmine is.»How Did It All Begin?Do you ever wonder why people do or wear, or say certainthings? Why do they shake hands when they meet? Many thingsyou say and do could have reasons that date back thousands ofyears.For example, it is very strange to think that shaking hands — afriendly custom (обычай) today — was originally a means of keeping a stranger's (незнакомец) weapon hand where it could do noharm.223In primitive times, man never went about without some weaponof defence — usually a club (дубинка).
Upon meeting a stranger aman could either stand and fight or turn away before discovering ifthe stranger was a friend or an enemy, or greet the stranger andpossibly become friends.But how could he be sure the stranger would be friendly andhow could the stranger trust in return? There was only one way toshow friendly intentions and that was for both men to lay downtheir weapons and hold out empty hands.
For added insurance,each would reach for the other's right hand. As long as both men'shands were safely clasped, neither could harm the other. Therefore,a handshake originally was a means of self-defence.Упражнение 21. Дайте недостающие формы глаголов и запомните их.teach, fighting, wore, frozen, letting, carried on, laid down.Упражнение 22.
Прочитайте и переведите текст без словаря.The ancient Greeks are known to have been great watchers ofthe sky and also great thinkers. As they watched the sky night afternight, it was natural for them to think that the Earth stood and thestars, planets, sun and moon were moving round the earth in space.They thought the sun to be between Venus and Mars. To explainthe movement of the planets, however, was very difficult.
Then oneday a young scientist named Copernicus at Krakow University inPoland supposed that the sun and not the Earth should be thecentre of everything. He was the first to explain properly our solarsystem. The ancient Greeks had made the mistake of thinking thatbecause the stars and planets seemed to move as they looked at thesky, the Earth must stand. If you sat in a train and looked out at thetrees, it would be easy to understand their mistake. The trees seemto be moving backwards, but really it is the train that is moving forwards.CONVERSATIONExercise 1. Answer the questions.1. What field of science studies the phenomenon of superconductivity? (physics) 2. What can a nation have if it is the first tomaster this new field of science? (prestige, scientific advantage,economic and military benefits) 3.
What is superconductivity? (theloss of electrical resistivity by a material on being cooled to temper224atures near absolute zero) 4. What is absolute zero? (0 Kelvin or-273 °C) 5. What scientists worked in thefieldof superconductivityresearch? (Dutch physicist K. Onnes, Russian physicists L. Landauand V. Ginzburg, and a number of American scientists) 6.
Whatmaterials are the best super conductors? (ceramic materials)7. What are the potential technical uses of superconductivity? (nuclear research, power generation, electronics, etc.)Exercise 2. Make a sentence out of the two parts.1. Recent achievements in superconductivity research are2. They may be compared with3. Superconductivity is knownto4. While carrying out his lowtemperature research he5. For 50 years after the discovery there was no6. In the 1950s Russian andAmerican physicists made a greatcontribution7. Research in thefieldof superconductivity became especiallyactive1.
fundamental theory to explainthis unexpected phenomenon.2. found the electrical resistivityof mercury to disappear whencooled to the temperature of 4Kelvin.3. to the development of superconductivity theory.4. have been discovered by aDutch physicist.5. of great importance for scienceand technology.6. since the discovery of a superconductive metallic ceramics.7. physics discoveries that led tothe development of electronicsand nuclear power.Exercise 3.
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