01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 42
Текст из файла (страница 42)
Scientists in many countries areworking at a very interesting problem: combining the two big technological discoveries of the second half of the 20th century — laserand thermonuclear reaction — to produce a practically limitlesssource of energy. Physicists of this country have developed large laser installations to conduct physical experiments in heating thermonuclear fuel with laser beams.
There also exists an idea to uselaser for solving the problem of controlled thermonuclear reaction.The laser beam must heat the fuel to the required temperature soquickly that the plasma does not have time to disintegrate. According to current estimates, the duration of the pulse has to be approximately a billionth of a second. The light capacity of this pulsewould be dozens of times greater than the capacity of all theworld's power plants. To meet such demands in practice, scientistsand engineers must work hard as it is clear that a lot of difficultiesare to be encountered on route^.The laser's most important potential may be its use in communications. The intensity of a laser can be rapidly changed to encodevery complex signals. In principle, one laser beam, vibrating a billion times faster than ordinary radio waves, could carry the radio,TV and telephone messages of the world simultaneously.
In just a198fraction of a second, for example, one laser beam could transmitthe entire text of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.Besides, there are projects to use lasers for long distance communication and for transmission of energy to space stations, to thesurface of the Moon or to planets in the Solar system. Projects havealso been suggested to place lasers aboard Earth satellites nearer tothe Sun in order to transform the solar radiation into laser beams,with this transformed energy subsequently transmitted to the Earthor to other space bodies.
These projects have not yet been put intoeffect^, because of the great technological difficulties to be overcome and, therefore, the great cost involved. But there is no doubtthat in time^ these projects will be realized and the laser beam willbegin operating in outer space as well.Notes to the Text1. to provide — получать2. unamenable — неподдающийся3. as to suggest magic — можно принять за чудо4.
on route — на пути5. put into effect — осуществлять6. in time — со временемУПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 8. Просмотрите текст 10А и ответьте на вопросы.What is this text about? 2. What does the word «laser» mean?3. What is the laser, is it a device or some phenomenon? 4. Whowas the first to write about lasers? 5. What writer from this countrywrote a book about a laser? 6.
What can a laser do? 7. Where can itbe used? 8. What other uses do you know?Упражнение 9. Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют содержаниютекста 10А. Исправьте неправильные утверждения.1. Laser means «light amplification by stimulated emission ofradiation». 2. Laser produces an intensive beam of light. 3.
In thenext few years laser will become one of the main technologicaltools. 4, Martians almost invaded the Earth before the turn of thelast century. 5. Laser and thermonuclear reaction can produce alimited source of energy. 6. The laser beam heats the fuel so quicklythat the plasma disintegrates. 7. There are projects to transform lu199nar radiation into beams. 8. The laser beam will begin operating inouter space.Упражнение 10.
Найдите в тексте lOA инфинитивы в функции части сказуемого и обстоятельства цели (см. 3-й и 5-й абзацы).Упражнение 11. Найдите предложения с инфинитивом в функции определения и дополнения, переведите.1. То design, construct and operate a laser system is a greattechnological achievement. 2. To protect the water resources, forestsand atmosphere, several laws were passed in Russia in the 1970s.3. A very interesting problem is to produce a practically limitlesssource of energy. 4. There are projects to use lasers for long distance communication.
5. Automation makes it possible to obtainand develop new sources of energy. 6. To combine laser and thermonuclear reaction is a very interesting problem for the scientistsin many countries. 7. To conduct physical experiments with laserbeams, Russian physicists have developed large laser installations.8.
Some Western experts consider that it is practically impossible toprotect big cities from pollution. 9. Lasers to be placed on Earthsatellites will transform solar radiation into laser beams. 10. A special design bureau in St. Petersburg was the first in the world to develop production of superlong escalators. 11. To put some projectswith lasers in operation, great technological difficulties must beovercome. 12. One of the ways to make planes as economical aspossible is to lighten the aircraft by using new composite materials.13. Signals to be measured must be strong enough.Упражнение 12.
Определите, чем выражено определение, переведите.1. The new system developed increased the safety and efficiency of a car. 2. The laser's most important potential use may beits long distance communication applications. 3. Provided theproblems of using laser for controlled thermonuclear reaction weresolved, the capacity of the pulse received would be much greaterthan that of all the world's power plants. 4. All a pilot needs to do isto tune to radio transmitters and he will get direction signals heneeds. 5.
One of the problems scientists are working at is to transmit energy to space stations by using lasers. 6. Laser provides a lightbeam intensive enough to vaporize the hardest and most heat-resistant materials. 7. A hypersonic aircraft will require complicatedcooling measures because of the extreme temperatures involved.8. A new electronic device to be installed in the car's panel will cal200culate how far one can drive on the fuel left.
9. The hardest materials a laser beam is aimed at vaporize within a fraction of a second.10. Aircraft designers are interested in all kinds of new materialsthat are strong enough to be used for high-speed airliners.11. Noise and vibration are also the problems to be faced by designers of hypersonic crafts. 12. Besides, there is one more problem tobe studied — that of surface cooling. 13. The ordinary aircraft windows would make the future superliner structure too weak to withstand great stresses developed.
14. Every student of Cambridge is togo to his tutor once a week to discuss with him the work done.УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫУпражнение 13. Определите части речи по суффиксам и префиксам.encode, capacity, disintegrate, emission, widen, intensive, incredible, defence, stranger, reality, strengthen, fulfilment, indestructible, amplification, substance, entirely, vaporize.Упражнение 14. Назовите производные от следующих слов, переведите.limit, transmit, approximate, success, science, relate.Упражнение 15. Найдите русскому слову соответствующее английское.устанавливать — installment, installation, install;различие, разница — differ, difference, different;распадаться — disintegrator, disintegration, disintegrate;применимый — application, applicable, apply;укреплять — strong, strength, strengthen;эффективно — efficient, efficiency, efficiently;усилитель — amplification, amplifier, amplify.Упражнение 16.
Найдите:а) синонимыrapidly, sophisticated, to conduct, demand, almost, quickly, tocarry out, approximately, opportunity, requirement, also, use, tofulfill, complex, as well, to realize, application, possibility;б) антонимыfurther, integrate, cooling, outside, powerless, uncontrolled,limited, disintegrate, nearer, capable, limitless, controlled, incapable, powerful, heating, inside.201Упражнение 17. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на многозначность слов make и iight.What makes а soap bubble (мыльный пузырь) rise and fall. If asoap bubble does not break at once, it will begin to fall. Why? Toexplain this, we must remember a balloon which is filled with hotair.
It rises for some time and then it falls again. A balloon rises because the hot air inside it is lighter than the air round it, and as it islighter, it must rise. When the air inside a balloon cools, the weightof the balloon itself makes it fall. A soap bubble is really a little balloon filled with hot air. This air is much lighter than the air outside.It can carry the weight of the water which makes the skin of thesoap bubble. But this cannot last for a long time, because the skinof the soap bubble is very thin.
The bubble becomes as cool as theair around it and it begins to fall. It is interesting to know that theearly experiments with balloons were based on soap bubbles.Упражнение 18. Переведите.There is a large garage on Seventh Street that provides work foreleven men. There is one man who meets the customers. There aretwo other men who take care of batteries. There is another manwho washes cars. There are three other men who sell gas and oil.There is another man who repairs timers. There are two men whowork with engines and there is one man who sells tires.
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