01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 39
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Comment on the following statement.Scientists cannot afford (позволить себе) to be interested inthings not connected with their subject.One point of view: There is no alternative to narrow (узкий) specialization, everybody has a limited amount of time, it is unrealistic to expect a scientist to be interested in other fields than his own, a person who is interested in many things issure to become a dilettante.A contrary point of view : It is impossible to understand a particular science incomplete isolation, the scientist should not be treated as a machine for solving specialized problems, a narrow specialist may tend to become a narrow -minded person, really great scientists have always had wide interests.What do you think about it? Why?Exercise 6.
A. Read and say what you think about tea and what it does for you.TeaThe English know how to make tea and what it does for you.Seven cups of it wake you up in the morning; nine cups will put youto sleep at night.If you are hot, tea will cool you off, and if you are cold, it willwarm you up.If you take it in the middle of the morning, it will stimulate youfor further work; if you drink it in the afternoon, it will relax youfor further thought. Then, of course, you drink lots of it in off hours(свободное время).The test of good tea is simple. If a spoon stands in it, then it isstrong enough.184в .
Use the following phrases.1.2.3.4.5.If you ask me, tea...If you want my opinion, tea...I entirely / quite agree with the idea that...That's exactly my opinion / that's exactly what I feel...I don't like tea because...Exercise 7. Read and smile.A Fable from Aesop ['i:sop]While sitting together one time, a group of animals was discussing the popularity of the elephant. They all agreed that the elephantwas the most popular animal in the forest, but none of them couldgive a satisfactory explanation of this fact. Yet they all had certaincomments to offer.The giraffe [dsiYoif] said, «If the elephant had a long neck likemine, then it would be easy to understand his popularity. He wouldbe the tallest animal in the forest».The peacock (павлин) said, «If he possessed my beautiful tail,it would be easy to understand.
He would be the most beautifulcreature in the forest».The rabbit said, «If he could run as fast as I, it would be easy tounderstand. He would be the fastest animal in the forest».The bear said, «If he was as strong as I, it would be easy to understand. He would be the strongest animal in the forest».Suddenly the elephant himself appeared. He was larger andstronger than any of the other animals, and he was also superior inmany ways. But he was always quiet and modest about his manyaccomplishments.
This, after all, was the real explanation for hispopularity.An American lady got into a smoking carriage (вагон) where anEnglishman was smoking a pipe.She began doing everything to show him she objected to hissmoking. At last, seeing that the man paid no attention, she said,«If you were a gentleman, you would stop smoking when a lady gotinto the carriage».«If you were a lady», replied the Englishman, «you would notget into a smoking carriage».«If you were my husband», said the American lady angrily, «Iwould give you poison (яд)».«Well,» said the Englishman at last, «if I were your husband, Iwould take it».185Text 9ВПрочитайте текст и озаглавьте его.
Ответьте на следующие вопросы:Какую новую информацию вы нашли в тексте?За счет чего можно устранить недостатки в существующих погружаемыхаппаратах?Now most submersibles are connected with a support ship onthe surface. This connection is an armoured cable measuring aninch or two in diameter and weighing up to 10 tons and it transmitspower and navigational commands to the submersible, as well assends sensor data and television images back to the support ship.Cables allow submersibles to transmit data at a great speed, butthey limit the range of territory studied and have many disadvantages in operation.Autonomous underwater submersibles can move freely. Controlled by on-board microprocessors or by acoustic signals transmitted by a ship on the surface, battery-operated submersibles cancover much greater areas.
They can operate under ice and in verydeep water. Such three-ton unmanned crafts can submerge to thedepth of almost 20,000 feet and stay there for up to seven hours.High quality images of the ocean bottom can be transmitted to thesupport ship in three to four seconds (because of the slow speed —about 5,000 feet per second through water — acoustic data transmission is much less quick than signals sent via cable which travelat the speed of light).But even these most advanced submersibles have definite disadvantages: batteries are heavy, data transmission is slow and computer programs are primitive. Future submersibles may overcomethose difficulties.
Some may be propelled by nuclear power or byfuel cells (топливные элементы) that use oxygen from the seawater. Many of them will rely on signal-compression techniquesto speed up acoustic data links. Computerized systems will enablesome submersibles to repair damaged telephone cables or oil platforms. If research work in this field continues to expand at itspresent rate, the number of radically different kind of more efficient crafts will appear very soon.Text 9CПрочитайте текст. Назовите особенности современного спасательногосредства на воде и принцип его действия.LifeboatsEven though we now have ships of a kind unknown in earliercenturies, we are still very far from mastering the sea. The Greek186sailor who was shipwrecked (терпеть кораблекрушение) on hisway home from Troy and the sailor of tomorrow whose nuclearpowered cargo ship might be on fire both face the same dangers.They may drown (тонуть), and so they need to keep afloat.
Theymay die, and so they need to keep themselves covered and dry.Rescuers (спасатель) may never find them, and so they need tosend signals.The Greek sailor at the time of the Trojan war had only a smallchance of survival (спасение). The sailor of tomorrow has a greaterchance, especially if the ship has one of the new rescue crafts onboard.One such lifeboat looks more like a flying saucer (тарелка)than a boat. Sailors on board a ship which is in trouble can get intothe capsule, close the water-tight doors and operate the controlswhich drop the capsule automatically into the sea.
Made of glassfibre (стекловолокно) the capsule will float on the sea and will notbe dragged down by the sinking ship. It will protect the men insidefrom explosions, fire and extreme cold. It has a thirty-kilowattdiesel engine and so can carry survivors to the coast. To help rescueship and aircraft to find it, the upper part of the capsule is coveredwith a special orange paint which can be detected by radar. Eachcapsule is large enough for twenty eight men.Text 9DПрочитайте текст.
Расскажите по-английски, что вы узнали об историиГринвича и его сегодняшнем дне.GreenwichGreenwich is on the river Thames, five miles from the middleof London, and its story is 2,000 years old. The first English people~ the Saxons — were fishermen there and they gave Greenwich itsname — «the green village».You can still walk along the old Roman road in Greenwich park.But the river was the true road to the outside world for the Romansand for English kings and queens who later lived in Greenwich.The King Henry VIII loved this place. He knew that Englandmust be strong at sea.
So two big shipyards were started at Greenwichand for 350 years the ships made there were the best in the world.Many ships were lost at sea — their sailors did not know how totell exactly where they were.In the 17th century astronomer Flamstead tried to find the answer. He worked in an Observatory on the high ground in Greenwich park. The walls of its big light-sided (непрочной) room shook187when the weather was bad.
But from it, with a telescope made byhimself, Flamstead could look all round the sky. And he did looknight after night for twenty years. Carrying on Flamstead's work ahundred years later, an astronomer called Harrison finally made aclock which told the time at sea and helped sailors to know wherethey were.
You can see Harrison's clock, still working in Greenwich museum of the sea. Because of Flamstead's work every country in the world now tells its time by Greenwich time.Every year a million people come to Greenwich to see its museums and palaces and its two famous ships: one old, one new.Both the big CUTTY SARK and the little GYPSY MOTH sailedthrough dangerous waters before they came safely back to theirGreenwich home. At-the end of the 1800's the CUTTY SARK wasthe fastest ship of its size. Carrying more than a million kilos of tea,she travelled the 25,000 kilometeres from China to England in onlyhundred days.Next to the CUTTY SARK is the GYPSY MOTH - only 16.5metres long, but full of newest equipment.
Her captain SirF. Chichester wanted his ship to sail as far and as fast as theCUTTY SARK. When he sailed round the world by himself inCYPSY MOTH in 1966 - the first man ever to do this - he took aflag from the CUTTY SARK with him.ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯУпражнение 1. Найдите в тексте 9А:а) ключевые слова со значением deep sea ship; переведите их;б) словосочетания с under и близкие по значению выражения, переведите их;в) слово marine и словосочетания с ним; поясните их и приведите примеры.Упражнение 2.
А. Прочитайте текст. Постарайтесь догадаться о значениитермина scuba divers,А computer for scuba divers will provide in one device information about time, depth and air supply. It is to be used together withspecial divers' tables. A display will provide visual information andaudible warnings about critical conditions.If a diver wants to know an accurate depth he is down, he mustset water type he is in. If he is in the sea, he will set «sea water»,otherwise he will set «fresh water».
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