01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 34
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... first he worked ... primitive tools so he could notmake his engine well-regulated. The old machine was kept going ...a boy who stood by it and let... the air... means of which the steamwas condensed at every revolution. ... this machine, though it wasimperfect, some work was done and it had been used ... a largemine-owner (шахтовладелец) to pump out the water. The first efficient steam-engine was made ... a Birmingham firm and it wassoon used...nearly every manufacturer. The revolution in industrymade ... this machine was extremely great.Упражнение 23.
Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их.held, flown, overcome, withstanding, lain, flow, burnt.Упражнение 24. Прочитайте и переведите без словаря.«Even the birds aren't flying today» is an old saying used to indicate that the weather for flying is extremely bad. And for mannothing has a greater effect on flying than the weather. And because of its changing so quickly and without warning an extensive159network of weather stations has been set up for helping the pilotsget all the information about weather. Before flying pilots may getcurrent weather information on changing conditions along theirroute or at their destination.
The weather reporting system helpsovercoming many difficulties in flying. In winter, e.g., icing cancause the reduction of lift efficiency of airplane by changing theflow of air. Pilot's being informed about the weather allows him toavoid weather problems. The weather being too bad, pilots just stayon the ground like any wise (опытный) bird.CONVERSATIONExercise 1. Answer the questions.1. What kind of aircraft may begin a new age in aviation? (a hypersonic passenger liner) 2. What is the shape of the new liner? (anelongated fuselage with a sharp nose) 3. What distance can the newliner cover in less than two hours? (the distance between Tokyo andMoscow) 4. What are the main problems of building a reliable hypersonic liner? (developing an economical engine and new heat insulating materials combined with better aerodynamics) 5.
What isone of the ways to make a hypersonic liner as economical as possible? (using new composite materials) 6. What will be used for cooling a hypersonic craft? (cryogenic fuels) 7. What combined enginewas developed? (a ventilator propeller engine)Exercise 2. Make a sentence out of the two parts.1. It is expected that a new hypersonic aircraft1. will be 4 meters, overall length100 meters and its cabin willcarry 300 passengers.2.
The project of such an aircraft 2. a speed five to six times abovewas displayed atthe speed of sound.3. There is no horizontal stabilizer 3. like a rocket.4. Therefore it looks more4. since conventional aircraftwindows are too weak to withstand high stresses at supersonicspeed.5. The superliner will mainly fly 5.
the Aerospace Salon in Paris,in the stratosphere at6. The diameter of the fuselage6. will replace todays' aircraftssoon.7. The passenger superliners of 7. in the design of a new supersuch a class will have no windows liner.160Exersice 3. Read and learn.DepartureAnn:Bob:A.:B.A.B.A.B.Well, good-bye, then! I hope you will have a pleasant journey.I hope so too. The weather isn't too bad, anyway.No, it looks good. Just write me a few Unes when you arrive,will you?I will, indeed.
And many thanks for your hospitality.It was nice having you with us. When will you come again?It is hard to say. It depends on a number of things.Give my love to your mother.I will. Thanks. Bye.Bob:I think, the people of today are the most intelligent (умный)people who have ever lived.Mary: Before answering this question I want you to listen to the following words: «Flying machines are possible.
A man may sit inthe middle of the machine and turn some device. This devicemakes the artificial wings beat the air in the manner of a flyingbird.»В.:Why have you said this? There is nothing new or interesting.M.:But they were written six hundred years ago.В.:Oh, really, who made this statement?M.:Roger Bacon, an English scientist. Of course, his sentenceshave been made easier, but these were his words and thoughts.Have you heard about him?В.:Certainly, I have heard about him.
But I have thought he wasa monk (монах) and was in prison for many years.M.:You are quite right. Besides, he made a deep study of physics.And this was the reason (причина) for his being in prison. Hemade men think about new things.В.:Oh, Mary, Fve always said you are the most clever (умный)girl I've ever met. Do you agree with me, Peter?Peter: Oh, sure. And I remember Bakon's statement about cars thatcan go very rapidly by their own power and great ships onrivers and oceans guided by one man.Exercise 4.
Speak about:1. The characteristics of a new hypersonic passenger liner.2. The main difficulties of its construction.Use exercises 1, 2 and the following words and word combinations for your topic:The text gives the information on... It is interesting to note that... Speakingabout...
Further description of... is given. It is pointed out that... As far as I know...In conclusion r d like to say that...161aviation designers, to display, to cover the distance, overall, to heat to a veryhigh temperature, new generation aircraft, to overcome difficulties in, a greatamount of, without using, extensive use of new materials, exceed, to solve a problem.Exercise 5. Comment on the following statement.Air transport has many advantages and many disadvantages.One point of view : It is fast, comfortable, safe, it is particularly good and efficient for long distances, it is independent of roads, it is good for the health becauseit is not tiring (утомительно), it is the most modem means of transport and it is thebest way of travelling.A contrary point of view : It is not safe, it is not reliable, it depends on theweather, it is not always good for the health, it always takes a long time to get fromand to the airport, it is expensive, it is always connected with nervous strain(напряжение, стресс)Exercise 6.
Read and smile.A teacher was explaining fractions to the class of girls and boys.After having written several examples on the blackboard, he asked aboy whether he would prefer (предпочитать) one-fifth or oneeighth of a lemon.«Vd prefer one-eighth, sir.»Then the teacher began explaining again that though the fraction one-eighth looked larger than the fraction one-fifth, it was really the smaller of the two.«I know that, sir. I don't like lemons.»Einstein for a DayAlbert Einstein, one of the world's most brilliant and respectedscientists, is best known for formulating the theory of relativitywhich played a critical part in the development of atomic energy.What may not be widely known is that Einstein had a fine sense ofhumor.There is an amusing story about Einstein's visiting universitiesin a car driven by a chauffeur, giving lectures on relativity.
One daythe chauffeur said: «Mr. Einstein, I've heard you give this lectureabout 30 times. I know it by heart, and I am sure I could give it myself.» «Well, I'll give you a chance», said Einstein. «They won't recognise me at the school. When we get there, I'll put on your capand you introduce yourself as me and give the lecture.»The chauffeur gave Einstein's lecture without making a singlemistake.
On finishing, he started to leave, but one of the professorsstopped him to ask a complex question. The chauffeur thought fast.162«That problem is so trivial», he said, «I'm surprised that you haveto ask me. In fact, to show you how simple it is, I'm going to askmy chauffeur to come up here and answer your question.»Text 8BПрочитайте текст. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:Почему вернулись вновь к использованию дирижабля?Чем отличаются современные дирижабли от первых конструкций?Каково их практическое применение?Какие сведения из текста вам знакомы?Что нового вы узнали, прочитав этот текст?The Return of the DirigiblesWhen it comes to technology, people are not inclined to returnto the past. Yet, some exceptions do exist.
Such is the attitude atpresent towards dirigibles. Having abandoned the skies more than40 years ago, they have suddenly begun to reappear. Designershave once again sat down to design this kind of transportation.Their use can still be limited, but there is no doubt that dirigiblesare coming back.Why is dirigible attractive? What do you do with it? As its cruising speed is about 60 miles per hour, it is too slow to be used as apassenger carrier. But it is cheaper to operate than a helicopter,comfortable and capable of flying for several days. The craft's largesize and staying power (dirigibles have remained in skies for as longas a week) make it ideally suited for exploration.Their use in countries that have large territories and are rich inforests and are planning to explore and exploit new regions is mostpromising.
They may be used to make a geological survey and tomake maps, to look for off-shore oil and minerals, to take touriststo roadless, but beautiful places, to deliver heavy loads to remoteregions and bring the products back. They have a potential use as aflying platform. In general, their possibilities are endless. They donot need expensive runways required by cargo planes.Besides, the technological possibilities of manufacturing thesecrafts have changed.
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