01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 31
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effortthe cost ...... production... manufacturer... industryУпражнение 3. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь понять значения выделенных слов.There was а bad accident on one of the main motorways toParis this afternoon. A big tourist coach broke down on the insidelane of the motorway, and the driver could not move it. It wasabout 5.30 in the afternoon, the middle of the rush hour, so it sooncreated a terrible traffic jam. A driver in a BMW doing about60 mph tried to go round the coach. Unfortunately, another carwas coming in the opposite direction.
The driver braked hard andtried to stop, but he could not avoid the accident. The BMW145crashed into the front of his car. The driver of the BMW died, theother driver was badly injured, and both cars were badly damaged.Упражнение 4.
Выберите из двух выделенных слов или словосочетанийправильное.1. While turning а corner at high speed my car hit/crashed alamp post.2. The only means of arrival/access to the station is through adark subway.3. We managed to complete our journey ahead of/in front ofschedule.4. The police accused the driver of breaking the speed limit/restriction.5. Sixty extra policemen were to direct/control the traffic outside the stadium.6. When her car broke down, she had to catch/take a taxi.7. There are road works in center streets and long delays/intervals are expected.8. This car is an automatic, so you do not have to adjust/changegear all the time.9.
Only a mechanic could realize/understand the trueamount/extent of the damage to the car.10. Travellers who wish to visit the old city should travel in thetwo front buses/coaches.11. The driver told his passengers to fasten/fix their safety belts.12. You mustn't ride/drive a motorbike without a helmet.13. The two buses collided (столкнуться), but luckily none wasinjured/wounded.Упражнение 5.
A. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь понять значения словtube, poor и run.Many of the world's major cities were built long before the carappeared and people realized the need to built efficient road systems. Current traffic management problems may be connected withold city planning.The thing that saves some of these cities is an effective publictransport system, usually below ground. London has an old but effective underground train system known as a tube, and a comprehensive bus and train system above the ground. Hong Kong hascheap, swift and effective public transport in the form of MassTransit Railway, buses and ferries.146But there are newly built cities, such as, for example, Dallas,Baltimore and Los Angeles in America.
Dallas is a wealthy city inTexas, which has grown up in an era when cars were considered tobe essential to move about. It has an excellent road system, as doesBaltimore, another new city with wise city leaders who insisted onbuilding good roads. However, the public transport system in bothBaltimore and Dallas is extremely poor. As a result, travel in thesecities is easy except for peak hour, when a twenty minute run cantake more than an hour in traffic jams.
Los Angeles suffers fromchronic highway blockages, despite efforts to encourage people touse public transport.Cities with good road systems can use other methods to reducethe number of vehicles travelling together at peak hour. Flexibletime is one good method: offices open and close at different timesso people are travelling to and from work at different times. Vehicles carrying more than one person can use special priority lanes,which means they can travel more quickly. There are even systemsto make peak hours car use more expensive, with electronic chipsrecording the presence of a vehicle in a given high traffic area at agiven time.B.
Выберите соответствующие тексту A значения слов ferries, poor.spacecrafts, airplanes, boats, space vehicles;needing help, small in quantity, low in quality.C. Найдите в тексте A слова, означающие:1. demand2.rich3. journey in a car4. fast5. easily changed for new needs or conditions6.
full, including many kinds of7. having experience, knowledge8. main public roadD. Вставьте антонимы выделенных слов.1. Public transport in Hong Kong is cheap, but in London it is...2. Paris has the Metro railway below ground and a large bussystem ...3. People should ... and finish work at different time to reducepeak hour traffic jams.4. City administration try to encourage people to use ... transport, not private cars in the city center.5.
An electronic device can record the absence or ... of any person at the office.1476. The public transport available in Baltimore is very poor,while in Sidney it is ...E. Найдите в тексте A независимый причастный оборот. Переведите.Упражнение 6. Заполните пропуски следующими словами:reduce transportation advantage car per trafficpublic transportsource study average routes increase symbol atmosphere numbermotor vehicle reduction solveThe private (1) ... has dramatically improved the comfort, speedand individual freedom of movement.
The automobile has becomea status (2) ... The car brought people much closer to places ofwork, (3) ... and entertainment.However, the use of private cars can also be a (4) ... of manymost serious problems today. The car is a disadvantage as well as an(5) ... It pollutes the (6) ..., may be involved in dangerous accidents, and by its very numbers blocks roads and chokes (душить)cities. In New York City, 2.5 million cars move in and out of thecity each day. In this (7) ..., the average speed is sometimes 8.1miles (8) ... hour. This speed could easily be reached by riding ahorse instead of driving a (9)... But New Yorkers continue to drive,just as people in London where the (10)...
speed in certain particularly overcrowded (11) ... is only 2 miles per hour. Most people believe that the car is a necessary part of life in today's world. Carowners usually do not consider other methods of public (12) ...such as bus, train or bicycle.The only way to (13) ...
these problems is to reduce the use ofprivate cars. How can we do it? We may (14) ... access to parkingspaces in the cities and simultaneously (15)... the quality and availability of public transport. Cars could not be permitted in certainparts of the city, thus making people walk and use (16) ... The costof buying and running a car can be increased with a corresponding(17) ...
in the price of public transport. The reduced (18) ... of carson the roads means less pollution.Упражнение 7. Назовите прилагательные с окончанием -able/'ible, означающие:thatthatthatthat148can be movedcan be reachedcan be managedcan be solvedthatthatthatthatcan be used or obtainedcan provide comfortmay be permittedcan be changed for new needsУпражнение 8 . Заполните таблицу на словообразование.VerbNounPersonAdjectivecompeteactiontransporterproductiveassemble,.,—————reducibleindicativemanufacturefounddriveУпражнение 9. A. Назовите 15-20 ключевых слов и словосочетаний натему «Road transport».В. Speak about:1.
The current public transport problems in your city or town,its safety, speed and comfort.2. The role and importance of a private car in your own life.3. The changes in technology (manual assembly — mass assembly lines — robotics — computerized production).4. Offer your own ideas on traffic management improvement inyour area.149LESSON 8ГерундийЗначения as и byСуффикс -ize i'ise)Префикс overText 8A. A New Era for AircraftText 8B. The Return of the DirigiblesText 8C. Off the Ground: How do We Find Where Weare Going?Text 8D.
New YorkПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 1. Найдите в предложениях герундий по его признакам, переведите.1. On detecting danger on the road the computer signals thedriver. 2. Detecting an object in front of a car in the dark is the purpose of the «night vision system». 3. One of the main problems of adriver on the road is keeping the speed constant and watching thecars ahead.
4. A new device for monitoring and adjusting air pressure in tires has recently been developed. 5. Before starting a carone must examine it carefully. 6. Computers are widely used forcontrolling all kinds of processes. 7. Alexander Bell's being ateacher of deaf people influenced his interest in sound and itstransmission. 8. Samuel Morse's hobby was experimenting withelectricity. 9. Driving a truck in the city is difficult.Упражнение 2.
Определите формы и функции герундия.1. One of the best ways of keeping the speed steady is using acomputer for this purpose. 2. Newton's having made a mistake inhis calculations has no influence on his theory. 3. On being turned150on the radar will warn the driver of stationary or slow-moving objects on the road. 4. Upon being heated the molecules begin moving very rapidly. 5.
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