01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 28
Текст из файла (страница 28)
In fact,there may be no need to drive these cars. With an automatic guidance system for cars being developed, it will be possible for us to select our destination just as today we select a telephone number, andour car will move automatically to the address we want.For long journeys in private cars one can also use an automaticguidance system.
Arriving at the motorway, a driver will select thelane^ he wishes to use, switch over to automatic driving, and thenrelax — dream, read the newspaper, have a meal, flirt with his passenger — while the car does the work for him. Unbelievable? It isalready possible. Just as in many ships and aircraft today we are pi132loted automatically for the greater part of the journey, so in the future we can also have this luxury in our own cars.A decade ago, the only thing electronic on most automobileswas the radio. But at present sophisticated electronics is playing abig part in current automotive research.
For example, in everygasoline-powered^ car that General Motors Corporation makesthere is a small computer continuously monitoring the exhaust.The device, about the size of a pack of cigarettes, adjusts the vehicle carburetor fuel intake^ to get the best fuel economy. Ford carsare equipped with an electronic instrument panel that, amongother things^, will calculate how far one can drive on the fuel leftin the tank.
It will also estimate the time of arrival at destinationand tell the driver what speed he has averaged^ since turning onthe ignition.According to specialists these features made possible by microelectronics are only the beginning. Radar may control the brakes toavoid collisions, and a display screen may show the car's positionon the road. Recently a radar to be mounted on lorries and cars hasbeen designed in the USA. The radar aerial looks like a third headlight placed directly above the bumper.
Having summed up the information about the speed and distance of various objects ahead, thecomputer detects all possible dangers and their nature. A third component in the system is a monitor on the instrument panel. The radaronly observes objects ahead of the vehicle. It is automatically turnedon when the speed exceeds ten miles an hour. The green light on thepanel indicates that the system is on.
The yellow light warns of stationary objects ahead, or something moving slower than the car. Thered light and buzzer warn that the speed should go down. Anotherred light and sound signal make the driver apply the brakes.A Japanese company is designing a car of a new generation.When completed, the new model will have a lot of unusual characteristics. The car's four-wheel control system will ensure movement diagonally and even sideways, like a crab, at right angles tothe longitudinal axis. This is especially important when leaving thecar in parking places. To help the driver get information while concentrating on the road, the most important data will be projectedon the wind screen. A tourist travelling in such a car will not losehis way even in Sahara with its impassable roads: a navigation Earthsatellite will indicate the route.A new ceramic engine has been developed in Japan.
Many important parts as pistons, pressure rings^, valves and some others133have been made of various ceramic materials, piston rings'^ made ofsilicon materials being in many respects better than those of steel.They withstand temperatures up to 1,000 °C. Therefore, the enginedoes not need a cooling system.Notes to the Text1. lane — ряд2. gasoline-powered — с бензиновым двигателем3. fuel intake — впрыск топлива4. among other things — кроме всего прочего5.
what speed he has averaged — какова была его средняяскорость6. pressure ring — уплотнительное кольцо7. piston ring — поршневое кольцоУПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 15. Просмотрите текст 7А и ответьте на вопросы.1. What is the text about? 2. What kind of a car may be in common use in the near future? 3. How will a public electric car operate?4.
How will it operate on a motorway? 5. What electronic devicesare there in a modern car? 6. What electronic devices does GeneralMotors Coфoration offer for a car? 7. What electronic devices areFord cars equipped with? 8. Can a radar be used in a car? What willits functions be? 9. What functions will a Japanese car of a newgeneration have? 10. What materials do the Japanese offer to usefor car motors?Упражнение 16.
Укажите, какие из приведенных утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста 7А.1. An automatic guidance system was developed for the electriccar. 2. Small electric cars are in common use. 3. Many ships andaircrafts are piloted automatically for the greater part of the journey. 4. Usually having arrived at a motorway, a driver switches overto automatic control and relaxes. 5. A decade ago there were manyelectronic things in the cars. 6.
There is no future for microelectronics in automobiles. 7. Recently a radar to be mounted on lorries and cars has been designed in the USA. 8. A new ceramicengine has been developed in France.134Упражнение 17. Найдите и тексте 7А причастия в функциях определенияи обстоятельства (см. 3, 5 и 6-й абзацы), независимые причастные обороты(см.
2-й и 7-й абзацы).Упражнение 18. Найдите причастия и переведите предложения.1. Studying Newton's work «Principia», a young physicist discovered a mistake in the calculations. 2. Having designed a car radar, the engineers started complex tests. 3. While driving a car oneshould be very attentive.
4. A new electronic instrument will calculate how far one can drive on the fuel left in the tank. 5. The enginetested showed that it needed no further improvement. 6. Scientistsare experimenting with a system allowing drivers to see better afterdark. 7. The system being tested will increase the safety and fuel efficiency of a car. 8. Having been tested, the computer system wasinstalled at a plant. 9. Soon the night-vision system designed will beavailable. 10. The synthetic magnet has a lot of valuable qualitiesthat can be changed, if desired.
11. Recently there have appearedbattery-powered cars. 12. The radar used was of a completely newdesign. 13. Having been heated, the substance changed its properties. 14. Being provided with batteries an electric car can develop aspeed of 50 miles an hour. 15. When mass produced, electric carswill help solve ecological problems of big cities. 16. A defect undetected caused an accident. 17. Though first developed for militarypurposes, radar can be used in modern cars.Упражнение 19. Найдите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом, переведите.1.
The first engines appeared in the 17th century and people began using them to operate factories, irrigate land, supply water totowns, etc. 2. The steam engine having been invented, a self-propelled vehicle was built. 3. The supply of steam in the car lastingonly 15 minutes, the vehicle had to stop every 100 yards to makemore steam. 4. After the German engineer N. Otto had inventedthe gasoline engine, the application of this engine in motor cars began in many countries.
5. The cars at that time were very small, theengine being placed under the seat. 6. Motorists had to carry a supply of fuel, because there were no service stations. 7. Brakes havingbecome more efficient, cars achieved greater reliability. 8. Carswith internal combustion engines having appeared, the automobileindustry began to develop rapidly. 9. By 1960 the number of cars inthe world had reached 60 million, no other industry having ever developed so quickly.135УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫУпражнение 20.
Определите, к каким частям речи относятся слова.dangerous, automotive, longitudinal, automatically, present,nature, motorist, enrol, enrolment, guidance, average, current, ignition, diagonally, calculate, impossible, graduate, village, public,garage, useful, usefulness.Упражнение 21. Переведите слова, обращая внимание на значение суффикса -ег/-ог.driver, sensor, starter, monitor, microprocessor, detector, transistor, carburetor, user, transmitter, lecturer, generator.Упражнение 22.
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