01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 32
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The white line in the centre of the road is one ofthe most effective means of controlling traffic. 6. On graduatingfrom the University S.P. Korolev began working in the field ofrocket design. 7. The function of a car computer is detecting andsumming up the information about the road conditions. 8. Monitoring and adjusting air pressure in tires is one of the new developments of the car designers. 9. It is difficult to solve some of thepresent-day scientific and technological problems without usingsupercomputers.
10. On seeing a red light on a panel and on hearing a warning sound the driver should decrease the speed. 11. Bypicking up infrared rays emitted by objects ahead of the car an image-processing system produces different images of objects. 12. Onstudying for half an hour before an exam one should switch over tosome other activity.Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения и запомните значения выделенных слов.A. 1.
When the first self-propelled vehicles appeared, measureswere taken to limit their speed in many countries. 2. His havingmeasured the distance will enable him to calculate the intensity oflight. 3. The universal system of measures and weights was workedout by the French Academy of Science in 1791. 4. The distancefrom the North Pole to the Equator was measured, one-fourth wastaken and divided into ten million equal parts. One of these partswas called a «measure» or «a meter».B. 1. One of the earliest ideas to propel a vehicle using mechanical power was suggested by Isaac Newton.
2. Having used a steamdriven engine a French engineer built a three-wheeled vehicle fortwo passengers. 3. At the end of the 19th century the use of cars wasstill very limited. 4. Constant efforts are made to use standard components for the cars. 5. The use of multi-cylinder engines greatlyincreased the speed of cars. 6. N.
Otto having used the gasoline engine, motor cars got the standard shape and appearance.С 1. Many times Alexander Bell wanted to stop his experiments being unable to get any results. 2. Since ancient times peopledreamt of flying. 3. Four times five is equal to twenty.
4. There ismuch more lithium on the earth than zinc, 130 times more thancadmium. 5. The magnesium-lithium alloy is 1.5 times lighter thanaluminium and 4.5 times lighter than iron.151Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения и запомните различные значения as.1. People no longer think of the radio and television as something fantastic. 2. It was necessary to lay cables across the AtlanticOcean as there was no radio or satellites at that time. 3. Rocketlaunching, concerts, football and tennis matches can be seen on TVas they occur. 4. As the operation of integrated circuits depends onmicroscopic components, the purity of all materials at the plantmust be very high.
5. One can see that there is no principal difference between iron and copper as conductors. 6. President T. Jefferson offered his personal library as the basis for the national library.7. It is difficult for the first-year students to study at the institute asthey do not know yet how to organize their work and time.
8. Nosystem of the past was as simple as the metric system. 9. Such metalsas iron, cobalt, and nickel are much more magnetic than any otherknown substances. 10. Cryogenic fuels such as liquid hydrogen areused to cool the aircraft surface. 11. Metallurgists are trying to makecomposite materials as strong and light as possible. 12. Measuresmust be taken to keep Moscow air as clean as possible. 13. Engineers are working at the problem of making computers as small aspossible.Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения, учитывая различные значенияпредлога by.1. It should be said that according to estimates the productionof materials in space is to bring 60 billion dollars by 2030.
2. Thebest way to study before the exam is by changing one's activity every 30 minutes. 3. The first self-propelled vehicle in Russia wasmade by Kulibin in the 18-th century. 4. Driving a new Japanesecar a driver will find his way even in Sahara by switching over to anavigation Earth satellite. 5. By 1960 the number of cars in theworld has reached 60 million. 6.
A driver may avoid collisions onthe road by using a radar system. 7. Newton's great work «Principia»was published by Halley, the famous astronomer, who paid his ownmoney for it. 8. The cosmonauts were told to increase their dailyexercises by 30 minutes.Упражнение 6.
A. Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний.а new form of supersonic transport, prospective model, elongated fuselage, without horizontal stabilizer, cover the distance,less than two hours, overall length, overall aircraft weight, at highvelocities, lower atmosphere, the skin is heated, the only way out,152one of the ways, combined engines, combined with, as economicalas possible.единственный выход, комбинированные двигатели, менеедвух часов, без горизонтального стабилизатора, нижние слоиатмосферы, один из путей, удлиненный фюзеляж, общий вессамолета, обшивка нагревается, на больших скоростях, общаядлина, как можно более экономично, перспективная модель,новый вид сверхзвукового транспорта, в сочетании с, покрывать расстояние.в. Переведите словосочетания.today's aircraft, ordinary aircraft, ordinary aircraft windows,passenger liner, future superliners of such a class, reliable hypersonic plane, look like a rocket, five times above the speed of sound,diameter of the fuselage, the front of the cabin, the skin is heated toa very high temperature, highly economical engines, new generation model.СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕУпражнение 7.
Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно образцу:прилагательное или существительное + ize/ise = глаголspecial — специальный -> specialize — специализировать(ся)computer, ideal, crystal, central;префикс over- (сверх-; пере-)to heat — нагревать --> to overheat — перегреватьproduction, active, grow, estimate.Упражнение 8.
Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова,aviation, airplane, project, passenger, liner, model ['modi], fuselage ['fju:zila:3], horizontal stabilizer ['steibilaize], rocket, distance, meter ['mi:ta], diameter [dai'aemite], cabin, technological,problem, thermodynamics ['Gaimeudai'naemiks], aerodynamics['sereudai'naemiks], per cent, efficiency [I'fijensi], extreme[iks4ri:m], temperature ['tempri^e], cryogenic ['kraiedsenik].Упражнение 9.
Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.supersonic ['sju:p9'sonik], hypersonic ['haipe'sonik], Paris['paeris], Tokyo [49ukj9u], plane [plein], hours ['auez], reliable[ri'laiabi], combined [kem'baind], engine ['endsin], heat-insulat153ing [hi:t 'insjuleitir\], extreme [iks'tri.m], generate ['cfeenereit],generation, in general, require [ri'kwaie], fuel [fjuel], liquid['likwid], hydrogen ['haidridjen], surface ['se:fis], vaporize[Veiperaiz], inject [iri'djekt], combustion [кешЪлз^еп], chamber['feimbe], percentage [pe'senticfe].СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯefficiency п — производительamount п — количествоannounce v — объявлять, заяв ность, КПД, эффективностьe.g.
(for example) — напримерлятьexpect V — ожидать, предпоcombine v — сочетать(ся),лагатькомбинировать(ся), объедиextreme а — крайний, чрезвынять(ся)combined with — в сочетании с чайныйcombustion п — горениеfriction п — трениеcomplicated р,р. — сложныйfuel п — топливоconventional а — обычный,heat V — нагревать(ся)стандартныйinject V — впрыскивать, вводитьcurrently adv — в настоящеевремяmainly adv — главным образомdisadvantage п — недостатокstructure п — конструкция,measure п — мераструктураnoise п — шумsubstitute V — заменять, подoverall а — полный, общийставлятьovercome v — преодолеватьvaporize v — испарять(ся)resistance п — сопротивление velocity п — скоростьstress п — напряжениеapart from — помимо, кромеway out — выходText 8АПрочитайте текст по абзацам и озаглавьте их.
Назовите основные проблемы, рассмотренные в каждом абзаце. Скажите, какие абзацы можно объединить под одним заглавием. Переведите текст.А New Era for AircraftAviation experts expect that today's aircraft will begin to be replaced with some new form of supersonic transport in a few years'time. A 21st century hypersonic aircraft may open a new age of aircraft design.154The designers of this country displayed the project of such a supersonic passenger liner among the prospective models at one ofthe latest Aerospace Salon held on the old Le Bourget airfield^ inParis. An elongated fuselage with a sharp nose and without a horizontal stabilizer makes it look more like a rocket.
The speedmatches the looks^. This plane will fly at a speed five to six timesabove the speed of sound, e.g., it will cover the distance betweenTokyo and Moscow in less than two hours. The diameter of the fuselage will be 4 meters and the overall length 100 meters, with thecabin accomodating 300 passengers.
The future supeфlanes of sucha class will have no windows, but the passengers can enjoy^ watching the panorama of the Earth on the TV monitor at the front of thecabin. They will fly so fast that ordinary aircraft windows wouldmake the structure too weak to withstand the stresses at such aspeed. At high velocities the air resistance in the lower atmosphereis so great that the skin is heated to very high temperature. The onlyway out is to fly higher. Therefore, airliners' routes will mainly liein the stratosphere.In general, to build a reliable hypersonic plane one has to overcome a whole set of technological and scientific difficulties. Apartfrom creating highly economical combined engines and heatinsulating materials^, designers have to make such an amount ofthermodynamic computations that can't be performed withoutusing supercomputers.
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