01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 25
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They discovered that swords (меч) of the metalcould split (рассечь) a feather (перо) in air and at the same timeretain their edge sharp through many battles.The secrets of Damascus steel were known in many parts of theancient world, especially in Persia, where some of the finest specimens were produced. For eight centuries the Arab sword makerskept the secret about their techniques and methods. And with theinvention of firearms (огнестрельное оружие), the secret was lostand it was never fully rediscovered.117The two metallurgists carried out a lot of researches.
When theyrealized that they might be close to the discovery of a new material,a sword fancier (знаток), at one of their demonstrations, pointedout that Damascus steel, like their own product, was very rich incarbon. This led them to conduct a comparative analysis of theirsteel and those of the ancient weapons. As a result, it was foundthat a basic requirement was a high carbon content. The two metallurgists believed it had to be from 1 per cent to 2 per cent, comparedto only a part of 1 per cent in ordinary steel. Their research showedhow to make steel of even greater hardness than Damascus steel.Text 6DПрочитайте текст.
Расскажите по-английски, чем примечателен читальный зал Библиотеки Британского музея и какие отделы имеются в Британском музее.The British MuseumThe British Museum consisting of the National Museum of Archeology and Ethnography and the National Library is the largestand richest of its kind in the world.
Built in the middle of the lastcentury it is situated in central London which consists of quietsquares and streets.The British Museum was founded by Act of Parliament in 1753to bring together the collection of Sir Robert Cotton, some othersand future addition to them.Anthony Panizzi designed the famous circular Reading Roomat the British Museum. The first thing that strikes a visitor on entering the Reading Room is its unusual shape. It is a perfect circle.The superintendent (управляющий) and his assistant sit in thecentre of the room and they issue (выдавать) and collect books.Long rows of reading desks radiate to the outer walls, like thespokes (спицы) of the wheel.Many famous people have used the Reading Room at the British Museum. Of the many distinguished people who have used theReading Room no one was perhaps more regular and more intent(целеустремленный) than the German philosopher and socialistKarl Marx.
Soon after he arrived in England in 1849, Marx becamea daily visitor of the Reading Room, where he used to remain fromnine in the morning till closing time.The British Museum has a department of ethnography. Ethnography is concerned with primitive people and their cultures in various stages of development as revealed by their tools, ritual objectsand various crafts (ремесло). This collection is so vast that only a118tiny percentage is on show to the general public.
Then there is a department of prints and drawings. There are also departments devotedto maps, coins and medals. Visitors interested in chronology can seea large collection of clocks and watches. Those who are interested inphilately can find a magnificent collection of postage stamps.ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯУпражнение 1. A. Прочитайте следующие выражения из текста 6А и постарайтесь догадаться о значении выделенных слов и словосочетаний.1. this label «Made in Space»2. in the not so distant future3. with peculiar magnetic properties4.
prolonged weightlessness5. The Archimedes principal is no longer valid6. the theoretical basis for space industry7. on board these vehicles; on board orbital station8. preparatory work for industrial production in space9. replace the specimensB. Подберите к каждому выделенному в А слову соответствующее ему позначению.a. well based, correct, effectiveb.
needed for preparing; introductoryс continuing for a long timed. foundatione. in a shipf. not so far away in timeg. special, particularh. piece of paper, metal or other material used to describe whatsmth. is, where it is to go, etc.i. one as an example of a classУпражнение 2. A. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь догадаться о значении терминов shape memory alloy, suggest, remember, piston, contract, expand,engine.Shape memory alloys (SMA) are in general usage today. Whatexactly is a SMA? As the name suggests, this alloy can remember itsoriginal shape or form. Essentially it is a metal which can be deformed when cold and will return to its first shape when hot.The particular alloy we are speaking about is nickel titanium.We can see here one application in a conventional piston. When119the piston is cold, the SMA coil or spring contracts and so the piston does not move.
Heat causes it to expand and consequently thepiston moves up. The advantage is that the device can work withoutany mechanical power, just from the heat which is supplied by theengine itself.B. Найдите в приведенном выше тексте 5 пар синонимов и 3 пары антонимов.Упражнение 3. Замените выделенные словосочетания соответствующими глаголами expand, remember, contract, suggest, deform.The name SMA causes us to think that such an alloy can keepin memory its original shape. In other words it can change its shape.When cold it gets smaller.
When hot it gets bigger.Упражнение 4. Составьте возможные словосочетания из глаголов в колонке А и существительных из колонки В, переведите их и запомните.1. make2. meet3. obtain/provide4. lay5. state6. find7. develop8. send/transmit/receive9. have10. perform11. watchВa. the basis, foundationb. application, a wayс an operationd.
an advantage over, influence one. data, results, access tof. information, a message, signalg. an experiment, a TV programh. a lawi. a decision, mistake, calculationj. equipment, a device, design, systemk. requirementsУпражнение 5. Составьте, переведите и запомните словосочетания с глаголом to be.famous for, of great importance, in general (common) use(usage), of great help, interested in.Упражнение 6.
Заполните таблицы на словообразование.NounAdjectiveusethoughtcarethoughtfulOpposite Adjectivehopeless120AdjectivehardtoughusefulNountoughnessNoun,AdjectivejournalscienceeconomymetallurgistuselessnesshopefulcarelessNounactivehumanisthopelessnesscarefulnesschemistry......physicistУпражнение 7. A. Назовите 10—15 ключевых слов и словосочетаний натему «Advanced materials».В. Speak about:А new alloy or advanced composite material you have recentlyread or heard about, its properties and possible uses.121REVISION OF LESSONS 4 - 6Упражнение 1.
Повторите способы выражения определения. Найдитеопределения и переведите предложения.A. 1. This is an excellent computer which will give you manyyears of service. 2. The number of men present was small. 3. Personal laser printers cost less than ordinary laser printer. They alsoweigh less and require less space. 4.
Do you know the total numberof colours available on this graphics system? 5. Supercomputers capable of performing billions of operations a second will have to bedeveloped soon. 6. Ten miles is a long distance to walk. 7. Any mechanic could do that job. 8. Digital television has many featuresthat are absent from conventional TV, such as easy connection tocomputers and telecommunication networks. 9. E-mail is a veryfast data communication service. For e-mail to get a message to theother side of the world is a matter of a second or two.
10. The factory has computer controlled production equipment.B. 1. Tell me about the report you are preparing now. 2. A newradio set Ted has is a Zenith. 3, Ten hours of work a day is themaximum you should do. 4. Do you know about the disco the University is organising? 5. The news we have heard this week is ofgreat importance. 6. You have been given all the information youneed. 7. I collected all the information I could find on the Internetabout this subject. 8. With the new system you will be able to generate statistics any time you want. 9.
Writing letters and reports arethe purposes most people use computers for. 10. Composite materials we learnt about are the combination of metals, ceramics,glasses and polymers produced without chemical reactions. 11.Weightlessness the production of new materials depend on cannotbe created on the earth for a long period of time.
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