01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 20
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Answer the questions.1. What influences the operation of an integrated circuit? (thequality of microscopic components it consists of) 2. What is thefunction of a computer? (making a great number of calculations ata very high speed) 3. What will be the speed of the fifth-generationcomputers? (100 billion operations a second) 4. What can increase the operation speed many times compared to the presentcomputers? (a photon) 5. What physical phenomenon can be usedto improve a computer's speed? (light) 6. What are the advantagesof light for computation purposes over electronics? (the capabilityto move faster, in parallel lines and pass one another)Exercise 2.
Make a sentence out of the two parts.1. Nowadays electronic devices2. We are surrounded3. There are4. A personal computer5. People are carried by6. The modern production isunthinkable7. It is impossible to imagine1. а1ф1апе8, ships, trains and carshaving built-in electronic circuitsand instruments.2. is being used more widely athome and in office.3. without electronically controlled machine-tools.4. with electronics everywhere ineveryday life and at plants andfactories.5.
scientific research withoutcomputers.6. are in general usage,7. electronic watches we wear,telephone, radio, and TV sets wespeak, listen to and watch.Exercise 3. Read and learn.ComputersMary:John:M.:Have you seen an interesting advertisement (реклама) inthe last issue of «The Economist»?I have not read it yet.The School of Engineering offers a new programme in information system. Applications are invited for jobs in this field.93J.:M.:J.:M.:J.:M.:J.:A.:В.:A.:В.:A.:В.:Professor Smith has told me about it.
This programme isinteresting. It is designed to meet the needs of personswith a computing background for their work in management and industry.Don't you think that our son can lecture on this newprogramme?Why not? He graduated from the Department of Computer Science and for some years was taking part in the research project connected with the problems of supercomputers and their manufacturing.As far as I remember his research interests cover software(программное обеспечение) and appUcation.And what do they say about the contract?It is a three years' contract and it may be extended for further two years. I'll write Mike a letter.It's too long. You'd better call him.How do you like these new electronic games?I am crazy (mad) about them.
And you?Really, I don't know what you see in them.Well, I think a real computer game resembles real life asclosely as possible, doesn't it?May be you are right, but I am not sure.Oh, but I find them rather relaxing for a change and try tospend every spare (свободное) minute playing.Exercise 4. Speak about:1. The application of electronics in everyday life,2. New developments in computers.Use exercise 1, 2 and the following words and word combinations for your topic:to be in general usage, research is going on, throughout the world, further development, high speed electronic circuits of the highest quality, according to some researchers, a photon computer, by means of light, advantage over, in a few decades.Exercise 5.
Comment on the following statement.Electronic games are very popular today. There are already upto 10,000 different computer games in the world.Exercise 6. Read and smile.Andrew Jackson's Poor HealthAfter his wife died Andrew Jackson, former President of theUnited States, became increasingly irritable (раздражительный).He also worried (беспокоиться) more and more about his health.94Several members of his family had died after a paralytic stroke(паралич) and Jackson was sure he was going to die in the sameway. He therefore lived in daily fear (страх) of getting such astroke.
One day, during a party at his home, he was playing chesswith a young woman. Suddenly Jackson's hands dropped to hisside, his face became white. Several friends run to him. «At last ithas come», Jackson said weakly. «I have had a stroke. My wholeright side is completely paralyzed.» «How do you know?» someoneasked. «Because», Jackson said, «in the last few minutes I havepinched (ущипнуть) my leg several times and there is absolutelyno sensation in it». «Oh, I beg your pardon, sir», said the youngwoman he played with, «but it was my leg you were pinching.»Text 5BПрочитайте текст и найдите информацию об использовании компьютеров в повседневной жизни и работе людей.
Выпишите и переведите определительные придаточные предложения.Computers Concern YouWhen Ch. Babbage, a professor of mathematics at CambridgeUniversity, invented the first calculating machine in 1812, he couldhardly have imagined the situations we find ourselves in today. Almost everything in modern world is done with the help of computers — the complicated descendants (потомки) of his simplemachine. Computers are being used more and more extensively inthe world today, for the simple reason that they are far more efficient than human beings. They have much better memories andcan store (запоминать) great amount of information and they cando calculations in a fraction of the time required by a human mathematician. No man alive can do 500,000 sums in one second, but amodern computer can.In fact, computers can do many things we do, but faster andbetter.
They can control machines at factories, work out tomorrow's weather and even play chess, write poetry or compose music.Let's look now at some of the ways in which computers concernpeople in their daily lives and work.Many people associate computers with the world of scienceand mathematics, but they are also a great help to scholars inother subjects: in history, literature and so on.
It is now possiblefor a scholar to find a book or an article he needs very quickly,which nowadays when a million or more new books are publishedeach year is quite an advantage. You tell the computer which subject95you are interested in and it produces any microfiche (микрофише, диамикрокарта) you need in seconds.There are also systems which are being developed to translatearticles from foreign magazines by computer and to make up manylists of information which are needed in a modem library. So, computer can help us to deal with the knowledge explosion in manyways.
One can imagine a time when libraries will be run by computers, without human beings at all.Or, let's take another example. When a man drives a car forlong distances he has two problems: to keep the car at a constantspeed and watch that he does not run into the car in front of him.Engineers are now experimenting with a system which has a computer control of these two problems. The car's computer keeps thespeed constant.
At the same time the distance between the car andany other car in front of it is measured by a beam of light transmitted forwards. The beam meets the rear reflectors of the car in frontand it is reflected back, which enables to measure the distance. Thisinformation is fed to the computer which adjusts (регулировать)its speed control accordingly.TexT 5CПрочитайте текст и озаглавьте его. Кратко изложите основное содержание текста по-английски.Sir Isaac Newton was a supergenius of science who amongother things invented calculus (исчисление), stated the laws ofgravity and optics. But it turned out (оказываться) Newton alsomade mistakes. The University of Chicago announced recently thatR.
Garusto, 23, a physicist, had discovered in one of Newton's calculations an error that had been undetected for three centuries.The young scientist discovered it while he was studying Newton's masterpiece (шедевр) of physics «Principia» (1687). Newtonhad derived (выводить) a figure for the Earth's mass based on hisnew theory that a single force — gravity — governed (управлять)falling bodies on the Earth and the motion of planets around theSun. The calculation depended on the angle (угол) between twolines from the Earth to the Sun, but because that angle was not exactly known at the time, Newton used slightly different figures in«Principia».
It was that mistake that the young scientist found, adiscovery that was soon confirmed (подтвердить) by other physicists. The mistake has no influence on Newton's theory, but its discovery was enough to get him a prize from the University ofChicago.96Text 5DПрочитайте текст и расскажите по-английски, из каких зданий состоиткомплекс Библиотеки Конгресса и каким известным деятелям посвященокаждое из них. Найдите предложения со словами houses и numbers, переведите и запомните их значения.The Library of CongressThe Library of Congress is the Nation's library in the USA. Itserves not only to members and committees of the Congress, but tolibraries throughout the USA and the world and to the scholars, researchers and scientists who use it.Its foundation was laid in 1815 when President Thomas Gefferson offered his personal library accumulated for 50 years andconsidered one of the best in the United States at that time as thebasis for a great national library.Now the Library of Congress complex on Capital Hill includesthree buildings.
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