01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 17
Текст из файла (страница 17)
Watson. I need you!»The first telephone line was built in Germany in 1877. By 1915a telephone line was opened in the United States — 5,440 kilometers from New York to San Francisco.Now design bureaus all over the world are conducting experiments to develop video-phone or picture phone. A young man inMoscow wants to speak to his friend in Vladivostok. He lifts histelephone receiver, dials a number. After a very short time hisfriend answers. As he picks up his receiver, his picture appears onthe screen. They can speak to each other face to face because theyare using a new kind of telephone which may be called «avideo-phone». In addition to the usual telephone, the equipmentincludes a small television screen (14 cm by 13 cm) and, combinedwith the screen, a television camera.
The camera tube will allow theuser to switch from a wide view of the room to the face of the person speaking. The focus can be changed to give clear pictures ofobjects 0.3,0.9 and 6.0 meters away from the camera. There is alsoa mirror attachment, which allows the camera to scan documentswhich may be lying on the table. The camera adjusts itself automatically to different lighting conditions.Text4DПрочитайте и перескажите текст.Talking via SpaceCommunication has come a long way from the time when an Indian beat a drum (барабан) in the forest to the time when a scientistreceives messages from a satellite.
In this space age communicationhas become a highly developed field. The system of communica78tion in large countries is unthinkable today without space satellites.Besides large distances, there is a great time difference: the territories of some countries comprise up to 11 zones.
Satellites help tominimize all the difficulties that may appear. They rapidly transmitTV and radio programs to different towns, cities, and distant areas.Space systems and electronic technology have made it possibleto set up an automatic system of communication designed for rapidtransmission of all kinds of information.People write letters and send telegrams. But at the same timepeople living in various cities like to exchange (обмениваться)news on the telephone. Statistics reports that the number of longdistance telephone calls is about 2, 000 million per year. A personin Moscow talking on the phone with Vladivostok must know thatthis conversation is carried on through a satellite.Trains and cars can use mobile radio telephones to make calls.Businessmen can use fax machines which provide electronic transmission of documents and messages over telephone lines.
Evenphotographs can be sent and received over telephone wires.Practically all the population in large countries can watch TVvia satellites. The orbital communication systems make it possiblefor people from different continents to see and hear one another.The importance of space means of communication is increasingevery year. The communication satellites of the international organization «INTERSAT» enable people to keep reliable telephone,telegraph, telex and fax communication in any weather with shipspractically in every part of the World Ocean.ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯУпражнение 1.
A. Прочитайте следующие выражения из текста 4А и постарайтесь догадаться о значении выделенных слов и словосочетаний.1. TV sets began coming off factory assembly lines2. on people's life and way of thinking3. it weighed less than a pound4. the desired channel5. when you are occupiedB. Подберите к каждому выделенному слову или словосочетанию соответствующее ему по значению.a. unit of weightb.
programmec. busy with smth.79d. where parts of large machines are put together in mass productione. the way you thinkУпражнение 2. Найдите в тексте слова cell, network, area, set и выберитеправильное значение.А cellular phone (cellphone) is a lightweight, portable radiotransceiver, which can transmit and receive telephone calls anywhere in cellular network area. It is a mobile telephone, whichcommunicates through base stations situated in areas called cells.Cell is a subdivision of communication area in a cellphone network. In the network, the same frequencies can be used for manydifferent telephone calls at the same time.
Each cell has its ownsmall electronic base station and set of transmission frequencies.The sizes of the cell vary between 1 km to about 30 km across, depending on the output power of the cellphone transmitter.1. cella) a small room for one personb) apparatus for producing electricity by chemical actionc) a compartment in a larger structure (e.g., in a honeycomb)2. networka) a system of lines that crossb) a complex system of interconnected radio and TV devicesc) a connected system3.
areaa) a zone, region, districtb) surface measurec) range of activity4. seta) a number of smth. of the same kindb) radio, TV, phone apparatusc) directionУпражнение 3. Подберите к глаголам и словосочетаниям в колонке Аглаголы с тем же значением из колонки В.А1. link up to2. exchange news3. send a signal, message, fax4. show5. take the place of6.
have, possess7. make it illegible8. have80Вa. containb. connectс replaced. make it difficult and impossible to reade. ownf. communicateg. transmith. indicateУпражнение 4. Замените выделенное слово или словосочетание другимсловом с тем же значением.1. А Fax system can now send texts, graphics and documents toseveral places at the same time in less than a minute. The information may have photographic images as well as words. The latest Faxmachines must be linked up to a special digital phone line. A fewseconds' interference (помехи) on the phone line can make severallines of a document or text illegible.2. Digital systems of information transmission have taken theplace of analog systems in the last 25 years.3.
Most phones now have memories to store frequently usednumbers. Some telephone manufacturers make phones with LCDs(liquid-crystal displays) which show the duration of calls.4. Before World War II few people had television sets.5. A lot of people have cellphones, answerphones and mobilephones now.6. It is possible to exchange news with people in most parts ofthe world by telephone.Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски глаголами connect, transmit, communicate и их производными.1. А small radio receiver called a radiopager makes it possiblefor people to ... with each other wherever they are.2.
Data ... services, known as teletext... text and graphics over along distance as part of the television video signal.3. In telecommunication the information can be directed between ... and receivers by cables of various kinds.4. The lines which ... telephones within a building are the simplesttype of...
line.5. Mobile phone systems normally do not... directly with othermobile phones. They send messages to the control base station.6. How long will the ... of the new telephone take?7. You can now ... your computer to computers all over theworld by means of the Internet.Упражнение 6. A. Назовите 10—15 слов и словосочетаний на тему «Meansof communication».8.
Speak about:Your favourite TV programmes at the moment.Do you often watch football match live (as it happens) on TV ordo you watch recorded highlights (parts of the game after it has beenplayed)? Do you enjoy watching the commercials (the advertisements in programmes)? Do you watch satellite TV and/or cable TV?81LESSON 5ОпределенияОпределительные придаточные предложенияСлова сапу и mean и словосочетания с нимиСуффиксы -/ve, -игеПрефикс superTextTextTextText5А. Is there an End to the Computer Race?5B.
Computers Concern You5C.5D. The Library of CongressПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 1. Переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на разные способы выражения определения.а new invention, to be of great importance, books available inthis library, at this time, our professor's lectures, the building oftheir institute, an institute's library, a television programme, ourcentral TV programme, the first television set, the first pocket-sizecolour television set, today's shows, a tiny nine-by-twelve inchbox, the 1939 World Fair, a reading room, people living in differenttime zones of the country, modern TV sets appearing now, a written text, a factory built in Siberia, an article to translate, the first totranslate those texts.Упражнение 2.
Укажите предложения, где выделенное слово являетсяопределением.1. Complex systems of radio transmission networks have beenset up throughout the world. 2. Scientists all over the world werequick to realize the importance of radio and contributed much to82its further development. 3. The Russian scientist A.S.Popov workedmuch at the problem of radio communication. 4. It is necessary toradio the latest news to distant parts of the country. 5. The systemof communication in any country is unthinkable today without satellites. 6. Electronic technology has made it possible to set up automatic communication systems. 7.
A new international orbital systemprovides telephone, telegraph and telex communication with shipspractically in every part of the World Ocean. 8. It is known that aphoton is a particle of light. 9. Some specialists expect that a photoncan greatly increase the operation of a computer. 10. Photon computers are quite possible in the not so far future.Упражнение 3. Найдите определения в предложениях и переведите их.A. 1. There are twenty-five students in our group, five studentsgot excellent marks for all their exams. 2. Students studying at ourinstitute must know mathematics well. 3. The device made at ourlaboratory will be used in industry.
4. It is a short and easy text, ourstudents don't need a dictionary to translate it. 5. Scientists working at new computers have a lot of different problems to solve. 6. Acitizen of our country was the first to circle the globe. 7. The firsttelevision black-and-white pictures produced a sensation in 1939.8. A tiny nine-by-twelve inch box was displayed at the 1939 WorldFair. 9. Now we can see many different radio and TV sets in everyhouse. 10. Computers of different types and sizes have appeared inevery country of the world.B. 1. Materials necessary at present to produce supercomputersare difficult to make. 2.
A system capable of transmitting long distance messages was developed at the end of the last century. 3. People present at the World Fair in New York were interested in the newinvention. 4. Some general engineering subjects difficult for thefirst-year students are necessary for studying specialized subjects.Упражнение 4. Назовите подлежащее придаточного определительногопредложения, переведите и укажите, где можно опустить союзное слово.1.
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