01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 18
Текст из файла (страница 18)
Morse invented а code that used dots and dashes for letters ofthe alphabet. 2. Al. Bell found an assistant who was a specialist inelectrical engineering. 3. They wanted to build a machine whichpeople could use to talk over long distances. 4. A television screenand camera that will be used with a usual telephone are very small.5.
People who come to the Aircraft Fair in Paris see new designs ofaircraft from different countries. 6. Bell did not know German83which most writers of scientific and technical papers used at thetime. 7. The decimal system that was developed by French scientists was introduced in Russia by D.I. Mendeleev.Упражнение 5. Измените предложения, где это возможно, согласно образцам и переведите.A.
Например: The experiments which Popov made were discussed at the University meeting. The experiments Popov made were discussed at the University meetin1. Newton's great work which was published in 1687 is called«Principia». 2. The Russian Chemical Society which is named afterMendeleev was organised more than a century ago. 3. The subjectsthat the students study in the first and second years are very important for their future speciality.
4. The invention which Popov madedid not interest the government.B. Например: The laboratory in which the students will work is in a new building. The laboratory which the students will work in is in a new building. The labotory the students will work in is in a new building.1. The film about which we were told had been made severalyears before.
2. The magazine in which a very interesting article ispublished is available in our library. 3. The material of which thisinstrument is made is a new one. 4. This is a subject about which wedon't know much. 5. The cosmonauts about whom we heard somuch came to our town. 6. Have you seen the main componentswhich the new device consists of?Упражнение 6. Найдите бессоюзные определительные придаточныепредложения, переведите их.1. The building our students live in is not far from the institute.2. Bell was making his experiment in a room next to the room Watson worked in.
3. For a long time Bell couldn't get the results hewas looking for. 4. The discovery of Newton's mistake we shall readabout was made by a young physicist. 5. When Roentgen made hisdiscovery the room he was experimenting in was dark. 6. The plantthis material is produced at is in the Urals. 7. The problem this article deals with is connected with the subject we study.
8. It is difficult to imagine the world we live in without radio, television andtelephone.Упражнение 7. Определите, являются ли выделенные слова существительным или глаголом. Назовите подтверждающие это признаки.1. this means that; this means; it means; new means; this meansis. 2. this increase is; this increases; it increases; nothing increases;84its increase. 3. these results; this results in; both results; this result;both result in; it results from.Упражнение 8.
Переведите выделенные словосочетания, обращая внимание на различные значения слова carry,1. During the course of study students carry out practical workin well-equipped laboratories. 2. People are carried by aiфlanes,ships, trains and cars equipped with electronic devices. 3. Intensivework and research are being carried out on new robots in manycountries. 4. A new computer carries out a few hundred thousandcalculations in a few seconds.
5. Peter, help me carry this heavybox, please.Упражнение 9. Найдите русские эквиваленты для следующих словосочетаний.to be in general usage; electronically controlled; in other words;of a few square millimetres; commonly; the more ..., the more;operation by operation; according to; advantage over; a thousandtimes faster.согласно; размером в несколько мм; с электронным управлением; чем больше ..., тем больше; являться общеупотребительным; операция за операцией; обычно; в 1000 раз быстрее;другими словами; преимущество по сравнению.СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕУпражнение 10.
А. Переведите следующие производные слова:глагол или существительное + -ive = прилагательноеto act — действовать --> active — деятельныйintensity- интенсивность -> intensive- интенсивныйto conserve — conservative, progress — progressive, effect —effective, mass — massive, to react — reactive;суффикс существительного -игеnature — природа; culture — культураstructure, manufacture, future, measure, feature, agriculture;префикс super- (сверх, супер)supernatural — сверхестественный; superpower — сверхдержаваsupergenius, supercomputer, superman, supermarket, supersonic, superhot, superconductor.85в.
Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно образцу:префиксы micro-, mini- (микро-, мини-)microscope — микроскоп, microscopic — микроскопическийcomputer, chip, electronics, fiche, film, phone, processor,wave, organism;minimum — минимум, minimal — минимальный,minimize — минимизировать, сводить к минимумуcomputer, screen, tour, bus, skirt, -sized.Упражнение 11. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.computer, supercomputer ['sj u: pekem'pj u: te], general['с15епэгэ1], millions, electron, electronics, electronic instrument, electronically controlled machines [me'Ji'.nz], airplane,globe ['gleub], millimeter, center, operation, components[kem'peunents], materials [me'tierielz], laboratory [Is'boreteri],modern, seconds, physical ['fizikal], limit, specialists['spejialists], photons ['feutonz].Упражнение 12.
Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.race [reis], usage ['juizicfe], device [diVais], circle ['S9:kl],world [wa:ld], circuit ['S9:kit], undoubtedly [An'dautidli], require[ri'kwaie], quality ['kwoliti], quantity ['kwontiti], purity['pjueriti], produce [pre'djuis], throughout [Gru'aut], reliable[ri1ai9bl], whole [haul], perform [p9'fo:m], simultaneously[,sim9rteinj9sli], basic ['beisik], available [9Veil9bl], research[ri's9:f], expect [iks'pekt].СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯaccording to adv — согласно,соответственноavailable a — доступный,имеющийся в распоряженииbeam п — лучbuilt-in p.p. — встроенныйby means of prp — посредством,при помощиcalculation п — вычисление86generation n — поколениеgo on v — продолжать (ся)machine-tool n — станокmatter п •— дело, вопросordinary — обыкновенныйperform v — выполнять,делать, исполнятьquality п — качествоreliable а — надежныйcapable a — способныйcircuit n — схема, цепьclose a — близкий, тесныйcomplete v — завершатьcontrol — управлять, контролироватьdepend on v — зависеть отfast a — быстрыйrequire v — требовать(ся)speed n — скоростьsurround v — окружатьtask n — задание, задачаup to prp — вплоть доusage n — использованиеwhereas conj — тогда как,в то время какТехт 5АПрочитайте текст и прокомментируйте его заголовок.
Прав ли автор, давтакой заголовок? Найдите в тексте соответствующие факты. Переведите.Is there an End to the Computer Race?Today the word «electronics» is in general usage. Millions ofpeople have electron watches. There are a lot of various radio andTV sets, video cassette recorders and CD players in our houses.
Infactories and plants we are surrounded with electronically controlled machines and instruments, we are carried by airplanes,ships, trains and cars with built-in electronic devices, and satellitescircle the globe. In other words, we are living in an electronicworld.And the center of this world is a tiny silicon plate ^ of a fewsquare millimetres, an integrated circuit^, or a chip^, as it is morecommonly known. The integrated circuit is undoubtedly one of themost sophisticated"^ inventions of man, science and technology.
Itis in the heart of every electronic device and the more cassette recorders, TV sets and computers we need, the more integrated circuits are required.When we speak about a further development of computers wemean not only quantity, but also high technology^ and high speed.As the operation of an integrated circuit depends on microscopic«components», the purity of all materials and the cleanness at theplant they are produced at must be of the highest quality. A continuous search is going on in laboratories throughout the world formore perfect, reliable and high speed electronic circuits.In the past it took^ scientists and researchers a whole lifetime tomake a few thousand calculations, whereas for a modern computerthis task is a matter of a few seconds.
At present computers capableof performing billions of operations a second are required. Supercomputers are different from ordinary computers. The ordinarycomputer does the computations operation by operation, while the87supercomputer operates like a brain: all operations are being donesimultaneously.In the next few years engineers will complete the work on computers of above 2 billion operations a second. It will take a fewmore years to produce a 10-billion operations computer. Thefifth-generation computers performing 100 billion operations asecond will become available in the near future. Is there an end tothis race?According to some researchers, we are close to what can be regarded as a true physical limit. But other specialists think that photons will make the operation a thousand times faster.
This meansthat in the future it will be possible to expect the appearance ofphoton computers and that computations will be done by means oflight. Light has several advantages over electronics: light beams arefaster, travel in parallel lines and can pass through one anotherwithout interference'^. Already, the optical equivalent of a transistor has been produced, and intensive research on optical-electroniccomputers is being carried out in a number of countries around theworld.
In a few decades a new age of light may replace the stillyouthful electronic age. The race is going on.Notes to the Text1. silicon plate — кремниевая пластина2. integrated circuit — интегральная схема3. chip — кристалл4. sophisticated — сложный5. high technology — передовая технология6. it takes ...
(one year) — требуется7. interference — взаимное влияние, помехиУПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 13. Просмотрите текст 5А и ответьте на вопросы.1. What is this text about? 2. What new things appeared in people's everyday life after World War П? 3. What is at the center of allthese things? 4. What applications of computers do you know?5.Where else (еще) may computers be used? 6. How does an ordinary computer (a supercomputer) operate? 7. What is the speed of anew supercomputer? 8.
What is the task of engineers in the field ofcomputer development? 9. What types of computers do you know?10. What are the prospects in the development of computers?Упражнение 14. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста 5А.1. Nowadays an integrated circuit is the main component ofeveryday device. 2. Supercomputers are in general usage now.3. The operation of integrated circuits depends on their microscopic component quality. 4.
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