01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 22

Просмтор этого файла доступен только зарегистрированным пользователям. Но у нас супер быстрая регистрация: достаточно только электронной почты!

Текст из файла (страница 22)

One should do one's work in time. 4. The studentsought to know the history of their institute. 5. The development of103new materials does not mean that old materials should lose theirsignificance. 6. Marie Curie needed a laboratory and equipment forher research. 7. Every institute ought to be proud of their famousgraduates. 8. One should know that «roentgen» is a unit (единица)of radiation.Упражнение 5. Замените would на used to, где возможно, и переведите.1.

Не would spend hours in the Tretyakov Gallery. 2. Tsiolkovsky believed that rockets would be used for space travel. 3. Bell andWatson would repeat their experiments many times. 4. It becameknown that a new car would be shown at the exhibition. 5. Elec­tricity would pass through metals, but wouldn't pass throughwood. 6. I asked my friend to help me, but he wouldn't, he said Icould do everything without his help. 7. He would work in the li­brary when he was getting ready for his exam.Упражнение 6. Выберите правильный модальный глагол или его экви­валент.МОЖНО ВЫЧИСЛИТЬ — (must, can, should) calculate; быть в со­стоянии выполнить — (have to, be able to, be allowed to) carryout; нельзя предсказать — (can't, needn't, be not able to)predict; должны начаться в 10 — (have to, may, be to) begin at10; следует знать — (should, may, need) know; не нужно созда­вать — (may not, needn't, should not) create; необходимо ис­пользовать — (must, be allowed, may) use; можно взять этукнигу — (must, can, may) take this book; упорно не желать сде­лать — (need, wouldn't, must) do.Упражнение 7.

Переведите предложения.1. Он может читать и писать по-английски. 2. Она должнасделать эту работу в конце месяца. 3. Теперь студенты могутвойти в аудиторию. 4. Она может заниматься здесь. 5. Он дол­жен прочитать эту статью. 6. Можно мне взять ваш учебник?7. Я должен пойти в библиотеку и взять книги. 8. Можно мнепоехать с вами? 9.

Умеет (может) этот ребенок ходить? 10. Выдолжны вернуть книгу завтра.Упражнение 8. Переведите выделенные словосочетания.1. It was found that proton and neutron have almost the sameweight. 2. It was necessary to lay cables across the Atlantic Oceanas there were no radio or satellites at that time. 3. It is difficult toimagine the world we live in without radio, telephone and televi104sion. 4. It is possible to have a direct telephone talk with Vladivo­stok with the help of satellite systems. 5.

This material has proper­ties which make it useful for various space projects. 6. It should besaid that computers become increasingly important in our life andwork. 7. My adviser considers it necessary for me to read as muchliterature as possible before starting my work.

8. It is difficult toname all the branches of science and technology which are basedon electronics. 9. It is well-known that «watt» is a unit named afterJames Watt, an inventor from Scotland. 10. It is impossible to solvemany modern complex engineering problems without the help ofcomputers.Упражнение 9. Укажите, чем выражено отрицание.

Переведите.1. Popov had no support from the government to continue hisresearch. 2. Not long ago chemists developed new materials thatcould withstand high temperatures. 3. No system of measurementof the past is as simple as the metric system. 4. It is no longer possi­ble to put off the solution of ecological problems.

5. Tsarist Russiagave no money for Tsiolkovsky's research. 6. No one is allowed tosmoke in our office. 7. There is no doubt (несомненно) that thedevelopment of electronics is one of the greatest achievements ofmankind. 8. Haifa century is not a long period in the history of civ­ilization.

9. Before Newton no one could explain why the planetsmoved around the Sun. 10. People no longer think of radio andtelevision as something fantastic.Упражнение 10. Переведите предложения с составными предлогами dueto, thanks to, because of.1. Ships can communicate over long distances due to the radio.2. Because of the earth's rotation there are days and nights on theearth. 3. Thanks to the radio it is possible to transmit human voiceacross the globe.

4. Due to the latest achievements in electronics ithas become possible to develop supercomputers. 5. Because of theirlong life solar and atomic batteries are used to supply power totransmitters in spacecrafts. 6. Thanks to the development of radiotelescopes radio astronomy has made great achievements. 7. Ourcentury can be called «Space Age» because of the development of anew branch of science and technology — cosmonautics.Упражнение 11. Переведите предложения, обратив внимание на словоmuch перед прилагательным в сравнительной степени.1. We don't notice the gravitational pull of a book because thepull of the earth is much greater. 2. The speed of computer opera105tions will be much greater in the future.

3. Graphite which with­stands much higher temperatures is one of the best materials forreactors. 4. When a spaceship is in space, much smaller energy isneeded for its movement.Упражнение 12. Переведите предложения и запомните значения глаголаto cause.1. Heating causes different changes in metals.

2. A Danish scien­tist discovered that electricity caused the needle to move from leftto right. 3.Vibration not only causes noise but can also break mate­rials and structures. 4. The space flight of Gagarin caused a sensa­tion throughout the world. 5. Rutherford showed that positivecharge of a nucleus was caused by protons. 6. New achievements inmathematics caused the development of new means of computer­ization.Упражнение 13. Найдите английские эквиваленты для русских словосо­четаний.В большем масштабе; пилотируемые и непилотируемыекосмические аппараты; проводить эксперимент; на борту кос­мического корабля; преимущества состояния невесомости;условия невесомости; материалы нового поколения; получитьполезные и ценные данные.carry out experiments; zero gravity conditions; at a larger scale;zero-gravity state advantages; on board a spacecraft; manned andunmanned space vehicles; obtain useful and valuable data; newgeneration materials.СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕУпражнение 14.

A. Образуйте и переведите следующие производные сло­ва согласно образцу:существительное + -ful = прилагательноеuse — польза -> useful — полезныйpower, skill, success;существительное + -less = прилагательноеuse — польза -> useless — бесполезныйchange, noise, water, help, end;прилагательное + -ness = абстрактное существительноеweightless — невесомый -> weightlessness — невесомостьuseful, dark, hard, weak;106существительное или прилагательное + -ist = существительноеscience — наука -> scientist — ученыйspecial, art, motor, biology.в.

Переведите существительные с суффиксами -апсе/'впсе :resistance — сопротивлениеconsequence, distance, appearance, difference,presence.absence,Упражнение 15. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.surprise[sa'praiz], substance['SAbstans],magnetic[maeg'netik], laser ['leiza], polymer ['polima], plastics ['plaestiks],experiment [iks'perimant], orbital ['o:bitl], expert ['ekspa:t], start[sta:t], simulate ['Simjulaleit], principle ['prinsipl], gravitatio­nal [,graevi'teijanl], convection [kanVekJan], temperature['te m pri^a], zero-gravity ['ziarau'g raeviti], hydromechanical['haidraumi'kaenikal], acceleration [ak,sela'reijan], project['procfeekt].Упражнение 16.

Прочитайте слова.label ['leibl], material [ma'tiarial], alloys ['aeloiz], peculiar[pi'kju:lja], numerous ['nju:maras], pave [peiv], vehicle ['vi:ikl],inertia [i'na:Jja], process ['prauses], Archimedes [,a:ki'mi:di:z],consequently ['konsikwantli], separate ['separeit], component[kam'paunant], quite [kwait], gases [gaesiz], cause [ko:z],research [ri'sa:^], biochemist [,baiau'kemist], biological[,baiau1ogikal], special ['spejal].СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯaim V — стремиться, целить(ся)alloy п — сплавapproach v — приближаться,подходитьcertain а — определенныйcondition п — условиеcreate v — создаватьconsequently adv —следовательноlaunch п — запускliquid п — жидкость, а — жидкийmanned р — пилотируемый, счеловеком на бортуmovement п — движениеnumerous а — многочисленныйobtain v — получатьpossess v — обладать, владеть107data n — данныеthus adv — так, таким образомdensity n — плотностьvaluable a — ценныйdiffer from v — отличаться от prove v — доказыватьdifference n — различие, раз- substance n — веществоницаsurface n — поверхностьestimate n — оцениватьvehicle n — транспортное средexcept/?Ap — кроме, за исклю- ство, космический летательчениемный аппаратi.e.

[that is] — то естьweight п — весinclude V — включатьТехт 6АПрочитайте текст и найдите абзацы, в которых сообщается о результатахи значении проведенных экспериментов по производству материалов вкосмосе. ПереведитеMade in SpaceThis label «Made in Space» for industrial materials will proba­bly surprise no one in the not so distant future. They may includesuperconductors, new kinds of alloys, substances with peculiarmagnetic properties, supertransparent laser glass^, polymers, plas­tics, and so on. Numerous experiments carried out at the Russianorbital space stations have paved the way^ to the development ofmethods and means of industrial production of new materials ofbetter quality on board a spacecraft^.

Experts estimate that within afew coming years industrial production of various materials will bestarted in space.Conditions on board a space vehicle orbiting Earth greatly dif­fer from those on its surface. However, all of these conditions canbe simulated^ on Earth, except for one — prolonged weightless­ness. Weightlessness can be created on Earth, but only for a fewseconds. A space flight is another matter: a satellite orbiting Earthis in a dynamic zero-gravity state, i.e., when gravity is cancelledout^ by inertia.What can weightlessness be used for? Many well-known pro­cesses go on differently due to the absence of weight.

The Archime­des principle is no longer valid and, consequently, stable-state^liquid mixtures can be obtained, the components of which wouldimmediately separate on Earth because of different density. In caseof melts^ of metals, glasses or semiconductors, they can be cooleddown to the solidification point even in space and then broughtback to Earth.

Характеристики

Список файлов книги