Диссертация (1155211), страница 19

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Наиболее типичный эпитет, применимый к данному лингвокультурномутипаже – wild (дикий), он чаще других встречается в произведениях В. Скотта – 50раз.Тем не менее, «HIGHLANDER» может выступать и в кардинальнопротивоположном образе: за внешней суровостью спрятана тонкая душевнаяорганизация, любовь к своей семье и дому, благородство по отношению кокружающим (даже к крагам) – это культурный и достойный человек: TheHighlander, in former times, had always a high idea of his own gentility, and was anxiousto impress the same upon those with whom he conversed.

His language abounded in thephrases of courtesy and compliment; and the habit of carrying arms, and mixing withthose who did so, made it particularly desirable they should use cautious politeness intheir intercourse with each other (WWS); 'Like the bra' Highlander tat's painted on theboard afore the mickle change-house they ca' Luckie Middlemass's,' answered Callum;meaning, I must observe, a high compliment, for in his opinion Luckie Middlemass's signwas an exquisite specimen of art (WWS).Стоитраспределитьлингвокультурномутипажуэпитеты,применимые«HIGHLANDER»впоотношениюкпроанализированныхпроизведениях В.

Скотта, для большей наглядности аналогично пункту 2.3 приведяих в таблице ниже:109ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНАЯОЦЕНКА НРАВОВ«ГОРЦЕВ»high, with most passionateinterest, high-spirited race,brave to romance, thecharacter more adapted topoetry, brave, ardent spirits,undaunted,decisive,disciplined, sufficient, fast,fateful, gentle, forceful, withgeneral kindness to theweaker sex, with well-knownmilitary talents, honest,hospitable, faithful, good,great, courteous, cautious,polite, sensible, curious,strong, honorable, impetuous,independent,modern,romanticandpoetical,reserved, superior, strong,active, powerful, gifted withpower,significant,handsome,fullofimagination, lavish, kind,generous, noble, ready todepend, remarkably fair,remorseless,respective,successive,sturdy,abstemious,confident,elevatedНЕЙТРАЛЬНАЯОЦЕНКАНРАВОВ «ГОРЦЕВ»shouting, accustomed tothe use of arms, large,lowtone,totallydifferinginlaws,language and dress,ancient race, peculiar intheir habits of war and ofpiece, engaging in thewar with energy, Celtic,Gaelic, fighting, halfsavage, caring arms,marching,individual,stout, struggling, young,strict,silent,old,giganticНЕГАТИВНАЯОЦЕНКАНРАВОВ «ГОРЦЕВ»wild,superior,disgraceful, disbanded,hardyenemy,mysterious,severe,superstitious, absolutepagans, yelling, as theanimals,shaggy,dwarfish,anxious,scornful,broken,ignorant,cursed,damped, astonished,dangerous, ready todeeprevenge,defenseless,poor,dexterous,disappointed,discouraging,distasteful,fierce,furious and eager forspoil,thieves,unfortunate, addicted,hostile,hot-headed,idle,strangers,haughty, suspicious,disdainful,irritable,warlike, rude, savage,wily, violent, proud,lawless,terrifying,zealous, with no greatdelicacy among theladies, object of terror,puzzled,rough,impassionedВсего: 48Всего: 17Всего: 46Из приведенной таблицы видно, что чаще (94) в произведениях В.

Скоттафиксируется отношение к шотландским горцам, наделённое определеннойэмоциональной окраской (положительной либо отрицательной), что отражаетхарактерное отношение к образу рассматриваемого в настоящем исследованиилингвокультурного типажа, в XIX веке.1107.Устои и ценностные ориентиры поведения «HIGHLANDER»В произведениях В. Скотта можно установить ценности лингвокультурноготипажа «HIGHLANDER». Анализируя указанные ранее произведения, нам удалосьустановить ряд пословиц и поговорок свойственных для представителейШотландского Высокогорья, кроме того, были установлены тосты.

Пиры (feasts) –важная составляющая традиционной жизни «HIGHLANDER», они завершаютлюбое победы, без них не проходит ни одна свадьба, ни одно торжество:•To him that will not turn his back on friend or foe;•To him that never forsook a comrade;•To him that never bought or sold justice (WWS).Свадьбы «HIGHLANDERS» происходят по ряду традиционных канонов.Традициииобычаи(traditions)–однаизнаиважнейшихценностей«HIGHLANDER»:•Her memory carried her far back into former days, and her stores oflegendary history, which furnish at all times a principal amusement of the Highlander inhis moments of repose, were augmented by an unusual acquaintance with the songs ofancient bards, and traditions of the most approved seannachies and tellers of tales(HWWS).•In order to fill up the vacant time, she bestowed a part of it upon the musicand poetical traditions of the Highlanders (WWS).История Шотландского государства убеждает нас, что «HIGHLANDER»ценит свободу и Родину (freedom and native land).

Этот факт прослеживается и впроизведениях В. Скотта:•In the meantime the brandy was placed on the table, to which theHighlanders, however partial to their native strong waters, showed no objection, butmuch the contrary (RRWS).•Much might have been made at an earlier time out of the history f a Highlandregiment, and the singular revolution of ideas which must have taken place in the mindsof those who composed it, when exchanging their native hills for the battle-fields of the111Continent, and their simple, and sometimes indolent domestic habits for the regularexertions demanded by modern discipline (HWWS).•While busied in this humane task he met with General Dalzell, who wasencouraging the fierce Highlanders and royal volunteers to show their zeal for King andcountry, by quenching the flame of the rebellion with the blood of the rebels (OMWS).Из вышеприведенного фрагмента очевидно, что «HIGHLANDER» ценитсвоего монарха (King).

Ради своей Родины и своего монарха он идёт в бой. Бой –это то, что он ценит превыше всего:•The great battle of Harlaw, here and formerly referred to, might be said todetermine whether the Gaelic or the Saxon race should be predominant in Scotland(AWS).•They will be in the midst of the enemy, their clansmen will as surely followthem; in fine, that having drawn the sword we should throw away the scabbard, and trustour cause to battle and to the God of battles (WWS).Национальное оружие (traditional arms) – это то, что «HIGHLANDER» всегдадержит при себе и использует в бою:•The artillery men, deserted by the cavalry, fled after discharging their pieces,and the Highlanders, who dropped their guns when fired and drew their broadswords,rushed with headlong fury against the infantry (WWS).Как отмечалось ранее, непременным атрибутом «HIGHLANDER» являетсяего национальная одежда (Highland dress):•Besides these, there were a wilder set of parishioners, mountaineers fromthe upper glen and adjacent hill, who spoke Gaelic, went about armed, and wore theHighland dress (HMLWS).•Three of the Highlanders were killed, and they brought them in wrapped intheir plaids, and laid them on the stone floor of the hall; and next morning, their wivesand daughters came, clapping their hands, and crying the coronach, and shrieking, andcarried away the dead bodies, with the pipes playing before them (WWS).«HIGHLANDER» высоко чтит свою семью (family), клан (clan), любит своихдрузей (friends):112•He will speak with such glee of everything which is ancient, excepting myfamily (AWS).•For this purpose, Argyle once more moved towards Inverary, having anopportunity, at every step, to deplore the severities which the hostile clans had exercisedon his defendants and country (LMWS).•Highlanders, shoulder to shoulder (WWS).Аналогично «ГОРЦУ», «HIGHLANDER» уважает своих предков и прошлое(ancestors and old times):•The young eagle must learn from the old how to stoop on his foes (LMWS).•They were divested of the spear, a weapon which, in the hands of theirancestors, had so often repelled the impetuous assaults of the mountaineer (LMWS).«HIGHLANDER» держит слово (keeping the word) и данное обещание (keepingpromise):•But Argyle, as old Birrell expresses himself, kept a Highlandman's promisewith them, fulfilling it to the ear, and breaking it to the sense (RRWS).•The Maccallum Mhor of the day kept the word of promise, but it was only tothe ear (CCWS).Поскольку «HIGHLANDERS» ведут постоянную борьбу за свободу своейземли, основополагающим устоем для них является противостояние врагам(fighting with the enemy):•Death pays all debts; it will pay that too (TDWS).•Hospitality to the exile, and broken bones to the tyrant (WWS).Язык шотландцев – гаэльский (language) – она из наиважнейших ценностей:•He muttered a Gaelic curse upon the unseasonable splendour (WWS).•There was a strong provincial accentuation, but, otherwise, the languagerendered by Helen MacGregor, out of the native and poetical Gaelic, into English, whichshe had acquired as we do learned tongues, but had probably never heard applied to themean purposes of ordinary life, was graceful, flowing, and declamatory (RRWS).1138.Вероисповедание «HIGHLANDER»В проанализированных цитатах из произведений В.

Скотта, нам удалосьустановить лишь два фрагмента, которые говорят о религии «HIGHLANDER»:•Own no lord—receive no law—take no hire—give no stipend—build no hut—enclose no pasture—sow no grain; —let the deer of the mountain be thy flocks andherds—if these fail thee, prey upon the goods of our oppressors—of the Saxons, and ofsuch Gael as are Saxons in their souls, valuing herds and flocks more than honour andfreedom (LMWS).•And, as you entered the church, methought I saw two or three dangerouslooking men holding counsel together, and gazing at you and at her, and in especial SirJohn Ramorny (FMPWS).Чаще «HIGHLANDER» действует против законов церкви:•It was remarked as extraordinary rapacity, when the Border depredatorscondescended to make prey of the accursed race, whom the fiend made his habitation(FNWS).•Invite Highlanders in arms to interfere with the administration of justicewithin burgh? Alas! thou hast offended both against the laws of the church and those ofthe realm (FMPWS).Вероятно, это связано с тем, что большинство «HIGHLANDERS» – язычники,лишь некоторые кланы шотландских горцев, которые принадлежат к знати, ужеприняли католицизм вслед за англичанами:•For my part, I believe these Highlanders to be no better than absolutepagans, and have been much scandalized by the manner in which my acquaintance,Ranald MacEagh, was pleased to beat his final march, a little while since (LMWS).9.Речевое поведение «HIGHLANDER»Как было сказано ранее, язык – одна из важнейших ценностейлингвокультурного типажа «HIGHLANDER».

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