Диссертация (1146969), страница 28
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consistently2. scrupulously3. systematically12. The developmentalists believe that the best way for an infant to learn is1. to pour information into the infant’s mind2. to create positive attitude to learning3. to accelerate infant’s learning dramatically12345172Part 2. Методика альтернативного выбораRread the article about hypnosis. For statements 1–15, decide if the statement is true (T),false (F) or not given (NG). Write your answers in the boxes.10.
Hypnosis has been hotly debated since the end of the 18-th century.11. Hypnosis used to be known by the name “animal magnetism.”12. After the surgical operation in 1842, the patient was said to have pretended.13. The popularity of hypnosis as a way of entertainment helps to promote it in orthodoxmedicine.14. After two world wars, hypnosis was gradually being introduced into medicine.15. The interpretation of hypnosis as an altered state of consciousness is now maintained bymany scientists.16.
According to Sabrin, each of us is potentially a good dramatic actor.17. According to Sabrin, a hypnotised subject readily enacts unusual roles.18. According to Barber, task motivation instructions have nothing in common withhypnosis.19. While using task motivation instructions, the subjects of the experiments are alwaysperfectly honest about their experiences.20. According to Barber, the cooperation between the subject and the scientist who carriesout the experiment is an optimum condition for starting it.21. When deeply hypnotised, the subjects do not like to initiate activity.22.
Under hypnosis the attention becomes more selective.23. Under hypnosis people are well orientated in space and time.24. The prearranged release signal is usually a word.123456789101112131415173Controversies over HypnosisHypnosis has long been the centre of controversy, ever since the late 1700s when FranzMesmer claimed that it worked by “animal magnetism.” In 1842, a surgeon in Nottinghamshire,England, amputated a patient’s leg while the patient was in a mesmeric transe, as hypnosis waswhen called.
The patient lay perfectly calm during the operation. When the case was reportedbefore the Royal Medical Chirurgical Society, objections were so strong that Dr. Marshall Hall,eminent in the study of reflex action, declared that the patient was an impostor. Later the patientgave sworn testimony that he had felt no pain during the operation.The association of hypnosis with entertainment and with the occult has also hindered it’sacceptance as a scientific endeavour. However, since its successful use in both world wars byphysicians, dentists, and psychologists it has become a respected field of scientific inquiry. Boththe British Medical Association and the American Medical Association support the teaching ofhypnosis in medical schools and its cautious use in medical practice.Controversy has not ended, however.
Now the controversies centre more on how toconceptualise hypnosis than on what takes place within the context of hypnosis. Two theoristsbelieve that the interpretation of hypnosis as an altered state of consciousness is inappropriate.Many years ago one of them proposed a role-enactment theory of hypnosis (Sabrin, 1950).According to this theory, hypnotised subjects readily adopt the role that the hypnotist defines forthem. Although good dramatic actors also tend to be hypnotisable according to this theory, Sabrindo not wish to give the impression that the hypnotic subject is acting in a deliberate attempt to foolthe hypnotist. He insists, on the contrary, that the subject may become so deeply involved in a rolethat what is done takes place without conscious intent.The other theorist who prefers to reconceptualise hypnosis believes that hypnoticbehaviours can be accounted for by the usual principles of behavioural and cognitive psychology,including responsiveness to suggestion, without requiring a conception of hypnosis as altered state(Barber, 1969).
He finds, for example, that while using “task motivation instructions” the resultsin some instances are indistinguishable from the induction of hypnosis. These task motivationinstructions imply that everyone can do what is suggested, that without full cooperation theexperiment will fail, and so on. However, the evidence is questioned by others, because thedemands for social compliance may lead some subjects to falsify their written reports of theirexperiences.174The subject’s condition in hypnosis is often characterised by following:1. The subject ceases to make plans. When deeply hypnotised, the subject usually waits forthe hypnotist to suggest what to do.2.
Under hypnosis, attention is redistributed. If the subject is told to listen only to hypnotist’svoice, subject will ignore any other voices in the room.3. Reality testing is reduced and reality distortion accepted. Ordinary people check to see thatthey are awake, orientated in space and time, not suffer from illusions and so on. Underhypnosis the subject may uncritically accept hallucinated experiences.4. When instructed to do so, responsive hypnotic subjects forget all or most of what happenedduring the hypnotic session.
When a prearranged release signal is given, memories arerestored.175Раздел 2. Практическое использование языкового материалаUse of EnglishPart 1. Методика установления соответствияMatch each definition (a-j) with the appropriate word (1–7). Write your answers in theboxes.a. something that you get because you have1.
Motivationdone something good or helpful or haveworked hard2. Rewardb. the process by which mental and physicalqualities are passed from a parent to a child3. Memorybefore the child is bornc. something that is done in order to punish4. Anxietysomeone, or the act of punishing themd. the feeling of being very worried about5. Patternsomethinge. the feeling of being very worried about6. Maturitysomethingf. someone’s ability to remember things,7. Heredityplaces, experiences etcg. the time, usually between the ages of 12 and18, when a young person is developing into anadulth.
the time or state when someone orsomething is fully grown or developedi. the process by which people or animals aretrained to behave in a particular way whenparticular things happenj. eagerness and willingness to do somethingwithout needing to be told or forced to do it1234567176Part 2. Методика трансформации на основе словообразованияс учетом грамматического контекстаFor questions 1–12 read the text below. Use the words given in capitals at the end of some ofthe lines to form a derivative that fits the gap in the same line. There is one example (0).
Writeyour answers in the table.The modal (0)... of sensations is based onthe specific features of the influencethey reflect: touch, hearing, (1)... , temperature,smell, taste and so on. (2)... sensations provideus with thirty times more information than weobtain through hearing. The visual isalso more (3)... Visual sensation(4) ... from the sensations of touch.
Not fornothing is it said that the seeing eye is thepupil of the feeling hand. And we (5)...the reliability of the "pupil's" evidence,we resort to the (6)... of the teacher: wefeel the object with our hands. Spatial, tangible(7)... is the chief means of getting to knowthe world geometrically, as an assembly ofmaterial bodies. (8)... also plays an importantrole in sensuous (9)...
. Its development ismainly connected with the sound structureof language as the (10)... means ofcommunication and also with the soundstructure of music. (11)... are the mostreliable bond between knowledge andthe (12)... and we know nothing aboutthe sensuous properties of things without them.0 division1234567891011120. DIVIDE1. VIBRATE2. VISION3. RELY4. ORIGIN5. DOUBTLESS6. ASSIST7. SENSIBLE8. HEAR9. REFLECT10. BASIS11. SENSATIONAL12.
UNIVERSAL177Part 3. Методика трансформации на основе перифразас учетом грамматического контекстаTransform the following sentences into sentences with the Infinitive Constructions or ingforms1. It appears that visual perceptions have been studied best of all.Visual perceptions _______________________________best of all.2.It is expected that the next trial will be more successful.The next trial______________________________ successful.3. It is likely that many outstanding psychologists are taking part in the conference.Many outstanding psychologists___________________________in the conference.4.
The subjects were reacting to stimuli. We saw them.We saw____________________________stimuli.5. We expected that anxiety would make subjects take longer to react.We expected__________________________________take longer to react.6. We all know that he will understand your problem and help you to solve it.We all know__________________________________and help you to solve it.7.
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