Диссертация (1146701), страница 37
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There was an2________ competent sailors willing to riskthe dangers in the name of adventure and for the 3_________. The flagship of the voyage was a100- ton triple-masted square-rigger originally called La Galego after its 4_______Galicia.Although the crew often 5________ her as the “Dirty Mary” history would remember her as theSanta Maria. Two other ships provided by the crown - the Pinto and the Nina - sailed withColumbus in his small flotilla: each 6_________ by one of the Pinson brothers. The two ships cameas a result of the town of Parlous having committed a misdemeanor.
They were punished by havingto 7________ these two ships and the crews. As it turned out they were much more 8__________for the voyage because they were 9_________. They were the newer sort of ship available inMediterranean waters but a kind of ship which was quite well suited for the transatlantic10_______.
It was fast, it was maneuverable, and Columbus subsequently complained bitterly thathis flagship the Santa Maria was useless in the Caribbean because he could not 11______ it aseffectively as he could the other two ships.B) You will hear these words and phrases in the video. What do you think they mean? Match eachword/phrase in italics in the sentences (1 – 12) to its meaning (a – m).1. Whereas Columbus disembarked from the ship he was making history.2.
King John the First dismissed Columbus as a big and boastful talker.3. The commission failed to see the merit in his plans.4. He travelled many leagues a day and he wrote down a much shorter distance in the log.5. Columbus was aware of speculation about the existence of the Antipodes…6. Martin Pinson and his Pinto slipped away along on a private gold hunting.7. A small fort was constructed and 39 men were selected to garrison there.8. Leaving the colonists to establish themselves Columbus resumed his exploration.9.
In 1498 expedition was an example of Columbus going for broke.10. He hit upon the myth of paradise.11. Columbus’s illness was affecting his judgment and mental stability and caused him to engage insome flights of fancy.12. F.de Bobadillo had judicial powers both to deal with the rebels and to investigate theaccusations which had been made against Columbus and his son.a ____b ____c ____d ____e ____f ____g ____h ____i ____j ____k ____l ____m ___an advantage or good feature of smthto have an idea or discover smth suddenly or unexpectedlyto get off a ship or aircraftan ancient unit for measuring distanceto refuse to consider someone’s ideato take big risks when you try to achieve smththoughts, ideas that are full of imagination but not practical or sensibleto leave a place secretly or without anyone noticinga statement saying that someone is guilty of a crime or of doing smth wrongto start doing smth again after stopping or being interruptedto send a group of soldiers to defend or guard a placeAustralia and New Zealandto do smth important that will be recorded and remembered217VIEWINGRead the questions below.
While watching the video, decide on the right option for each question.1. What was the main reason for the European interest in exploration during the 15th century?AtradeBcolonizationCscientific advancement2. In which year did Columbus first propose his journey to King John I of Portugal?A1480B1484C14883. How many men made up Columbus’s first crew?A45B90C1234.
What kind of people made up Columbus’s first crew?A criminals pressed into serviceB competent sailorsC soldiers5. Why did Columbus keep two records of his daily progress?Abecause of the fear of discontent amongst his crewBbecause of his natural inclination towards secrecyCit was a device to keep sailors on board6. When searching for land on October 7th 1492, what sight brought a much needed boost to fallingmorale?Aa flock of birdsBsealsCfloating debris7. When did Columbus first set foot on the soil of the New World?A12th October 1492B15th October 1493C17th October 14948. When Columbus anchored off the cost of Cuba believing this might be the main island of China,what did the dispatched party observe?A people gathering gold on the beachB people smoking tobacco C Japanese civilization9.
Why was the Santa Maria wrecked?A because the Pinto slipped away B because the crew failed to keep watch C the ship was small10. What event led to Columbus deciding on a permanent settlement on the newly discoveredisland?A discovery of gold minesB sinking of the Santa Maria C he married a local woman11. How many days had Columbus’s first journey taken?A168B224C34412. Due to a lack of gold, how did Columbus propose to make money?Aexport fruitBtobacco plantationsCcreate a slave trade13. Following Spanish atrocities how many indigenous people were left on Hispaniola in 1550 froman estimated population of several millions in 1492?A250,000B9,700Cless than 50014.
When Columbus discovered South America, what did he think it was?218AJapanB ParadiseCthe Indies15. What was Columbus’s life in his final years like?A he lived in poverty B he spent it in a fruitless pursuit of the awardsC he got back all hisprivilegesPOSTVIEWINGI. Comprehension questions.1) Columbus tried to convince the Spanish monarchs King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, tofinance his voyage and he managed to interest Queen Isabella but his first proposal was rejected.Why?2) What was Columbus’s financial demand that nearly prevented the mission in 1491?3) Why did Columbus deceive sailors by putting in the log the shorter distance?4) To be at sea without sight of land for 30 days is a long time for the medieval seaman.
Why?5) Why did Columbus call the indigenous natives Indians?6) Can you characterize “the darker side” of Columbus’s nature?7) Why did Columbus associate the people he met with barbarians?8) On the journey home from the first voyage Columbus was forced by high winds to dock inLisbon, in Portugal, the kingdom of King John the First.
Why was it extremely dangerous forColumbus?9) Why was Columbus’s return from the second voyage much less triumphant?10) Columbus didn’t come to the conclusion that he discovered South America, hitting upon themyth of paradise instead. But what was the evidence that there was a large land mass in thesouthern hemisphere?11) What led to the imprisonment of Columbus and sending him back to Spain in chains from histhird voyage?12) What was the purpose of Columbus’s forth voyage?II. Structures.Translate the sentences from the script into Russian, paying attention to the grammatical structures(modal verb + Passive Voice, emphatic device, conditional sentence, participle construction, etc.):1.
The more successful the Portuguese were the more Ferdinand and Isabella were to supportColumbus.2. It was in the year 1492 that Columbus and his men set foot on dry land for the first time in morethan two months.3. If you wanted to be a bestseller in the 15th century you would have to write a travel book.4. The Atlantic was navigable and could be crossed in a single voyage.5.
Ferdinand signed a contract agreeing to finance the mission in April 1492.6. This was almost certain lay on optical illusion caused by the strain of prolonged watching.7. Columbus’s men became the first Spaniards to set foot on the soil of the New World.8. It is now that the darker side of his nature began to re-emerge.2199. A party dispatched inland in search of evidence of Chinese or Japanese civilization returnedempty handed.10. Exhausted by the all night rivalries the crew of the Santa Maria failed to keep watch on thenight of December 25th.11.
He feared that if the other group got back first they would give a very bad account of what hadbeen found and achieved in the Caribbean.12. Of course it was John who had called Columbus a big talker.13. It was two days later that quite by chance they found the Pinto.14. He was soon to discover that a mortally ill Martin Pinsen had arrived in Spain shortly beforehim….15. Columbus received a hero’s welcome and was granted all of the titles and privileges he haddemanded.16.
Columbus did prevent vengeance being exacted on the loyal chief Guakanagari.III. VocabularyA. Complete the sentences from the first three parts of the film with phrasesand verbs in the correct form:career of opportunity to leave behind encouraging sign white cliffto take topragmatic world stiff breeze soundingsfor exploration sake trade windspersonal rewardbenefitgreat rival1. The rulers of the powerful states of Europe were not interested in exploration merely ___ _________. Their enthusiasm lay rooted in the far more _____ ________ of finance and trade.2. Explorers and adventurers tempted by the prospect of ____ _____ and the glory of discoveringnew lands for those who ruled over them _____ __ the oceans.3.
It was the ___ ___ __ in Genoa which was a trading city and which send ships all over theMediterranean.4. King John the First of Portugal was the ____ ____ in the Iberian Peninsula. If his voyages weregoing to produce a good route to the East to the reaches of spices and gold Ferdinand and Isabelladidn’t want to be ______ _____.5. The other record, for the ________ of his crew suggested a much slower rate of progress.6.
During the first 10 days of their voyage Columbus’s ships travelled a total of 1160 miles flyingbefore the steady ____ ______.7. _____________showed no sign of the ocean bottom.8. Even with this ______ _____ (flocks of birds) there were still disquiet and discontent amongsome of Columbus’s crew.9. All through the night the little fleet pressed on before a _______ _______.10. The lookout on the Pinto spotted what looked like a ______ _______.B. Complete the sentences from the next five parts of the film script by circling the mostappropriate word or phrase in each pair:1.
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