Иностранный язык в деловом и профессиональном общении

Helen Barker is a traveller. She visits different countries because she likes meeting new people and cultures. She has got a professional camera. Helen takes photos almost every day because she has to share them in her social media to become a famous traveller blogger. Choose the correct explanation of the motivation types.
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You are a professor at university. You have conducted a survey among your students. According to the results of the survey, most of your students are experienced learners, they do not want to spend time on listening to lectures at the university. Many of them complain on the lack of practical activities. Choose the most suitable approach that can help students to learn better.
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Acting out and dynamic activities are a … learning type
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The teaching and learning are focused primarily on language and are language-driven are called … CLIL
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Motivation theory by A. Maslow is called … theory
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According to Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, B2 level can be described as … level

Different roles that educator can pay in school are … (choose 3 answers)
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Online educational material that is freely accessible and openly licensed for public consumption is called …
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Below are two extracts from a research article that was rejected by the journal called Review of Educational Research. PROVIDING SOCIAL SUPPORT MAY BE MORE BENEFICIAL THAN RECEIVING IT: Results from a Prospective Study of Mortality Stephanie L. Brown, Randolph M. Nesse As demographic shifts have produced a relatively more aged population, factors that influence longevity have taken on increased prominence. The documented health benefits of social support may offer a promising avenue for reducing mortality among older adults. Indeed, there is a robust association between social contact and health and wellbeing (House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988). However, it is not clear that receiving support accounts for these benefits (House et al., 1988). Tests of the social-support hypothesis —that receiving support improves health and well-being—have provided somewhat inconsistent results (Kahn, 1994), demonstrating in some instances that receiving support is harmful (e.g., S.L. Brown & Vinokur, in press; Hays, Saunders, Flint, Kaplan, & Blazer, 1997; Seeman, Bruce, & McAvay, 1996). In fact, a meta-analysis of the link between social support and health outcomes produced negligible findings, leading the study’s authors to conclude that the “small amounts of shared variance [between receiving support and health outcomes] may not be considered significant nor generalizable” (Smith, Fernengel, Holcroft, Gerald, & Marien, 1994, p. 352). Conceptually, it is not clear that receiving social support will always be beneficial. For example, depending on other people for support can cause guilt and anxiety (Lu & Argyle, 1992). And feeling like a burden to others who presumably provide support is associated with increased suicidal tendencies, even after controlling for depression (R.M. Brown, Dahlen, Mills, Rick, & Biblarz, 1999; de Catanzaro, 1986). The correlation of social support with dependence may help to explain why studies have failed to consistently confirm the social-support hypothesis. Furthermore, the benefits of social contact may extend beyond received support to include other aspects of the interpersonal relationship that may protect health and increase longevity—for example, giving support to others. However, with few exceptions (e.g., Liang, Krause, & Bennett, 2001), social-support studies rarely assess whether there are benefits from providing support to others. Some measures of social support do seem to tap giving—perhaps inadvertently—yet the benefits are often attributed to receiving support or sometimes attributed to reciprocated support. For example, a nationwide survey of older peoples’ support networks measured social support by a combination of what was received and what was provided to others (Antonucci, 1985). Implicit in this assessment is the recognition that receiving social support is likely to be correlated with other aspects of close relationships, including the extent to which individuals give to one another. Thus, some of the benefits of social contact, traditionally attributed to receiving support, or to reciprocated support (e.g., Antonucci, Fuhrer, & Jackson, 1991), may instead be due to the benefits of giving support. THE BENEFITS OF PROVIDING SUPPORT TO OTHERS There are both theoretical and empirical reasons to hypothesize that giving support may promote longevity. For example, kinselection theory (Hamilton, 1964a, 1964b) and reciprocal-altruism theory (Trivers, 1971) suggest that human reproductive success was contingent upon the ability to give resources to relationship partners. Social bonds (S.L. Brown, 1999) and emotional commitment (Nesse, 2001) have been theorized to promote high-cost giving. The resulting contribution made to relationship partners is theorized to trigger a desire for self-preservation on the part of the giver, enabling prolonged investment in kin (de Catanzaro, 1986) and reciprocal altruists. Although few studies have explicitly examined whether helping others increases longevity, sociologists note the ubiquity of giving to others (Rossi, 2001), and studies show that individuals derive benefits from helping others, such as reduced distress (Cialdini, Darby, & Vincent, 1973; Midlarsky, 1991) and improved health (Schwartz & Sendor, 2000). Moreover, volunteering has beneficial effects for volunteers, including improved physical and mental health (Omoto & Synder, 1995; Wilson & Musick, 1999). Even perceptions that are likely to be associated with giving, such as a sense of meaning, purpose, belonging, and mattering, have been shown to increase happiness and decrease depression (e.g., Taylor & Turner, 2000; see Batson, 1998, for a review). Limitations and Directions for Future Research Although the prospective, longitudinal design of this study is very strong, given the outcome of interest, alternative explanations for these findings remain viable. It may be, for example, that giving support is a better measure of health than receiving support, or that individuals who have the resources and motivation to give are also more robust than those who do not, or that an abundance of resources promotes longevity and makes it easier to give. However, the beneficial effects of giving support were observed after controlling for the effects of age, functional health, satisfaction with health, health behaviors, mental health, interviewer ratings of health, socioeconomic status, and vulnerability to stress. Moreover, two distinct types of giving—GESS and GISO—contributed simultaneously to longevity. This means that a third variable correlated with one measure of giving—such as robustness of one’s health—would have been held constant in a model that simultaneously tested the effect of the other giving measure. Thus, it is unlikely that the same alternative explanation can account for both effects of giving support. Of course, given the correlational nature of the study design, the regression methods used to disentangle these alternatives do not give the confidence that would be achieved by an experimental design. Nonetheless, longitudinal prospective studies like the one described here are important precursors to eventual long-term (and large-scale) experimental interventions that promote giving support. Conclusion Giving support may be an important component of interpersonal relationships that has considerable value to health and well-being. It may not be a coincidence that mortality and morbidity studies inadvertently assess giving or manipulate giving (e.g., taking care of a plant; Rodin & Langer, 1977) to operationalize variables of interest such as receiving social support or locus of control. If giving, rather than receiving, promotes longevity, then interventions that are currently designed to help people feel supported may need to be redesigned so that the emphasis is on what people do to help others. The possibility that giving support accounts for some of the benefits of social contact is a new question that awaits future research. REFERENCES Antonucci, T.C. (2018). Personal characteristics, social support, and social behavior. In R.H. Binstock & E. Shanas (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (2nd ed., pp. 94–128). Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand-Reinhold. Antonucci, T.C., Fuhrer, R., & Jackson, J.S. (1991). Social support and reciprocity: A cross-ethnic and cross-national perspective. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 7, 519–530. Batson, C.D. (2020). Altruism and prosocial behavior. In D.T. Gilbert, S.T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 282–316). New York: McGraw-Hill. Bradburn, N.M. (2016). The structure of psychological well-being. Chicago: Aldine Brown, R.M., Dahlen, E., Mills, C., Rick, J., & Biblarz, A. (2019). Evaluation of an evolutionary model of self-preservation and selfdestruction. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 29(1), 58–71. Brown, S.L. (1999). The origins of investment: A theory of close relationships. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe. Brown, S.L., & Vinokur, A.D. (in press). The interplay among risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide: The role of depression, poor health, and loved ones’ messages of support and criticism. American Journal of Community Psychology. Carr, D., House, J.S., Kessler, R.C., Nesse, R.M., Sonnega, J., & Wortman, C. (2021). Marital quality and psychological adjustment to widowhood among older adults: A longitudinal analysis. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55B(4), S197–S207. Cialdini, R.B., Darby, B.K., & Vincent, J.E. (1973). Transgression and altruism: A case for hedonism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9, 502–516. Cialdini, R.B., & Kenrick, D.T. (2015). Altruism as hedonism: A social development perspective on the relationship of negative mood state and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 907–914. Costa, P., & McCrae, R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 5–13. de Catanzaro, D. (1986). A mathematical model of evolutionary pressures regulating selfpreservation and self-destruction. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 16, 166–181. Fredrickson, B., Mancuso, R., Branigan, C., & Tugade, M. (2000). The undoing effect of positive emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 237–258. Greer, S., Morris, T., & Pettingale, K.W. (1994). Psychological response to breast cancer: Effect on outcome. In A. Steptoe (Ed.), Psychosocial processes and health: A reader (pp. 393–399). New York: Cambridge University Press. Hamilton, W.D. (1964a). The genetic evolution of social behavior: I. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1–16. Hamilton, W.D. (1964b). The genetic evolution of social behavior: II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 17–52.

Type of motivation when a person works because of an inner desire to be successful at a certain task is called … motivation
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The main element of … education is to get learning experience by using the Internet

You are from Russia, but last year you decided to study abroad and now you are living and studying in Europe. The university enrolled you because you had passed all entrance examinations successfully. Also, you passed IELTS exam and got 7.5 points out of 9. Studying at the university in Europe is not hard for you because you have a high level of Academic English. Choose the level that matches the description.
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Your native language is Russian. You learned French at school and German at college. You enjoy learning languages. Unfortunately, you have never studied English before, that is why you decided to take English lessons. You have been learning English for two months now. Choose the level that matches the description.
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You are a high school teacher. Most of your students are motivated and interested in your subject. You want to bring their knowledge and skills to the new level. You are planning to teach them how to analyse and evaluate the information, let them identify the rules and problems of the subject by themselves. Choose the most suitable approach that can help children from your class to learn better.
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You apply for a Master’s degree. The university offers different forms of learning. You used to learn only in traditional classrooms. But now you want to try something new and modern. However, you are not sure that you will enjoy studying at home alone all the time. Also, the education shouldn’t be very expensive. Study the advantages of each type of learning and choose the most suitable one for this situation.
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You apply for a Bachelor’s degree abroad. It is your first university experience in the foreign country that is why you want to network more with other students and professors, make social contacts and friends. In your opinion, group work is more effective and it makes you more organised and productive. The quality of the internet connection in your new apartment is not good, so you prefer face-to-face classes. Study the advantages of each type of learning and choose the most suitable one for this situation.
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Alfie Williams is a business student. He chose this academic field because of his father who is the head of the corporation in London. He always wanted his son to help him with his business. In fact, Alfie’s real passion is music. He enjoys playing the guitar and writing songs because it makes him feel happy. Choose the correct explanation of the motivation types.
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Helen Barker is a traveller. She visits different countries because she likes meeting new people and cultures. She has got a professional camerA. Helen takes photos almost every day because she has to share them in her social media to become a famous traveller blogger. Choose the correct explanation of the motivation types. Travelling around the world is an example of intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is a situation when person is motivated by something external. Sharing pictures in the social media is an example of extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is a situation when a person works because of an inner desire to be successful at a certain task
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MsMurphy is a primary school teacher. She is going to be a new classroom teacher for a group of students aged 10-11. The class is famous for its misbehaviour and poor academic performancE. Students can’t work in pairs or groups and always complain about being boreD. Choose the most suitable classroom management strategy to create effective educational environment.
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Read an email sent to a university professor. Professor Hawkins, Just a quick note to my presentation on ‘The importance of leaning foreign languages’. First, I would be grateful if you could provide me with the information concerning the length and format of the presentation. Is it possible to use the Internet during the presentation? Secondly, I am interested to know the date and venue of the presentation. Looking forward to your reply. Best wishes, Oscar How many mistakes can you find in this formal letter? Choose correct letter examplE.
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The figure below shows an example of CV.
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You are a primary school teacher. Students in your classes have learning problems. Students are uninterested and demotivated to all current kinds of activities. They can’t apply the knowledge they already havE. They almost never do their homework. You want to change your teaching style and try a new teaching approacH. Choose the most suitable approach that can help children from your class to learn better.
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You are a university professor from RussiA. Your subject area is Social sciences. Besides teaching, you conduct research, read and write research papers in English and take part in international professional conferences. You successfully network with your foreign colleages. Choose the level that matches the description.
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You graduated from university a year ago. Recently you have decided to study abroad and get an international qualification in your field because it can open new opportunities for your career. But you don’t want to move to another country. Also, you do not have a lot of money, so you are going to continue working full timE. Study the advantages of each type of learning and choose the most suitable one for this situation.
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When writing a CV or a Cover letter, it is important to use … language in order to create a more professional impression

Type of research that tries to depict and explain present phenomena is called … research
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Type of research that strives to describe group behavior and social interactions is called … research
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Type of research that seeks to describe and explain past events is called … research

Type of research that examines cause-and-effect relationships is called … research

Type of research that assesses the value of a procedure, program, or product is called … research
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Type of motivation when a person works because of an inner desire to be successful at a certain task is called … motivation

Training that is given to people working in professions to increase their knowledge and skills is called professional …

Training that is given to people working in professions to increase their knowledge and skills is called … development

To manage classroom behaviour successfully a teacher shouldn’t …

To manage classroom behaviour successfully a teacher should … (choose 3 answers)
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The wide variety of skills and techniques that teachers use to keep students organized, orderly, focused, attentive, on task, and academically productive during a class is called classroom …

The way in which educator can’t increase learner motivation is …

The visual displays in the classroom shouldn’t …

The visual displays in the classroom should … (choose 3 answers)
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The verbs that describe something that person, animal, object or process in nature can do are called …

The transitional phrases that show addition between the ideas are … (укажите 2 варианта ответа)
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The term used for any kind of learning with the help of computers is called … learning

The subsequent reporting of a symbol (letter, number, or category) to the evaluation is called …

The subsequent reporting of a symbol (letter, number, or category) to the evaluation is called …

The process of trying to find a job is called …

The process of making judgments about individual students’ level is called …

The phrase that is typical for the formal language is ‘…’

The phenomenon of changing standard word order used for making questions in English is called an …

The most popular tests of general and academic English are … (choose 3 answers)
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The most popular question among the employers is ‘What is your greatest strength and …?’

The most popular journal ranking indexes are … (укажите 2 варианта ответа)
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The main element of online education is to get learning experience by using the…

The main difference between e-learning and distance learning is …

The lowest level of Bloom’s Taxonomy is …

The levels of ICT competency are knowledge …. (choose 3 answers)
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The level of ICT competency when teachers tend to use technology to supplement what they already do in class is called knowledge …

The level of ICT competency when teachers begin to exploit the true power of the technology and change the way they teach and students learn is called knowledge …
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The level of ICT competency when teachers and students devise innovative strategies to function at the highest level of Bloom’s taxonomy is called knowledge …

The job or activity of planning the times at which particular tasks will be done or events will happen is called …
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The institute that an author of the research article belongs to is called …

The highest level of Bloom’s Taxonomy is …

The foundation of sound research, enabling investigators to objectively gather data to solve problems is called scientific …

The foundation of sound research, enabling investigators to objectively gather data to solve problems is called … method

The form of learning when the students take a course from the teacher without physically visiting an actual classroom with him is called … learning

The first step in choosing or creating ICT resources is to identify the learning…

The first step in choosing or creating ICT resources is to identify the … aims

The essential skills that a job candidate need to succeed in work are called … skills

The education of students who may not always be physically present at a school is called … learning

The design, study and use of processes for representing physical, hypothetical or human relationships employing the collection, creation, storing, retrieving, manipulation, presentation, sending and receiving of information is called … (give the abbreviation)
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The degrees, diplomas, certificates, professional titles that an individual has acquired by study are called … qualifications

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) divides learners into … different levels

The act of educating, giving the steps that must be followed is called …

Teaching system where students first study the topic by themselves and then apply the knowledge by solving problems and doing practical work in class is called flipping …

Teaching system where students first study the topic by themselves and then apply the knowledge by solving problems and doing practical work in class is called
… classroom

Taking notes and working with the dictionaries is a … and writing learning style

Suffixes -tion or -ment are usually added, if we want to form a noun from …

Studying because you are curious about the topics is an example of … motivation

Skills that can be a significant competitive advantage that sets you apart from your monolingual peers are called … skills

Relevant length of the CV is …

Relevant length of the cover letter is …

Put the words into the correct order from the most narrow term to the most general one:
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Put the words into the correct order from the most general term to the most narrow one:

Put the words into the correct order from the most general term to the most narrow one:

Put the steps on how to flip your classroom into the correct order:

Put the steps on how to flip your classroom into the correct order:

Put the steps of giving instructions process into the correct order:

Put the steps of giving instructions process into the correct order:

Put the stages of the presentation into the correct order:

Put the stages of the job interview into the correct order:

Put the sections of the CV into the correct order:

Put the research article’s elements into the correct order:

Put the publication stages into the correct order:

Put the parts of the scientific method into the correct order:

Put the parts of the professional development cycle into the correct order (start with plan):

Put the levels of CERF from the lowest level to the highest one:

Put the levels of CERF from the highest level to the lowest one:

Put the elements of Maslow hierarchy of needs from the lowest level to the highest one:

Put the elements of Maslow hierarchy of needs from the highest level to the lowest one:

Put the elements of Bloom’s Taxonomy from the lowest level to the highest one:

Put the elements of Bloom’s Taxonomy from the highest level to lowest the one: