first insights into business ocr (835550), страница 14
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Look at the cartoon and discuss what you th in k the job ofa tou r representative is like.28.6 Listen and complete the gaps.Name:Lisa Crawfordjob title:Tour representativeCompany she worksfor: 1_____________Perks: 2Ratio of men towomen: 3_____3 lr a l Listen again and complete the gaps.Note the patterns:1 It involves_______________________________responsible for +...
ing2 I'm responsible f o r _______________________involves +...ing3 I have to deal w it h _______________________deal w ith + noun4 It also involves__________________________4Look at the list o f jobs. Listen and id e n tify w h ich o f these jobs thespeaker describes.Customer Services ManagerShoe DesignerM anaging DirectorAdvertising Executive9292People■5 W ork in pairs. Choose one o f the other jobs and describe it to yourpartner. Your partner has to guess w h ich jo b it is.6 T h in k o f a job; your own job, or one you w ould like in the future.W rite a list of:• the responsibilities• the perks or extra benefits• details such as the ratio of men and women colleagues7 W ork in pairs.
Ask your partner about his/her job (from exercise 6).Use the language box to help you.Final TaskFinding out about someone's jobTalking about your jobWhat does your job involve?1deal withWhat do you do in your job?I'm responsible forDo you have to ...?1have toMv job involvesinqinaW ritingW rite your objectives and your action plan fo r getting a (new) job orprom otion. T h in k about:• skills you need to develop• qualifications you need• where you need to look for information and job advertisementsChecklist for Unit 8:1 When we intend to do something in the future, what tense do we use?2 When can we use the w ill future?3 W hat is the negative contracted form of w ill ?| 4 W hat is the noun form of to achieve ?| 5 Make two sentences to compare male and female management styles.9393unit9Business EnvironmentIn this unit:100 Shares Index• Language FocusModal verbs: talking about possibilityPresent passivePronunciation: word linking, stress patterns• SkillsWriting: connectors to show addition of informationReading: Marks & SpencerListening: world competitive scoreboard• VocabularyWord building• Business CommunicationDescribing trends, interpreting graphsKey VocabularyLead-inГ З 9.1 All businesses are affected by th e ir im m ediate environm ent.
M any factorsinfluence them , fo r exam ple, a v a ila b ility o f la b o u r (th a t is, h o w easy or difficultit is to fin d workers); la b o u r costs (h o w m uch it costs to e m p lo y people) anda v a ila b ility o f ra w m a te ria ls , such as oil and w oo d. The a m o u n t o f m oney acom pany has to pay the g o ve rn m e nt in ta x e s is another factor. Businesses arealso affected by the s ta te o f t h e eco n o m y. In a period of e co n o m ic recessionm any businesses suffer, th e ir profits fall and they have to make cuts. In thisclim ate there w ill be a rise in u n e m p lo y m e n t. These factors can affect sales andprices and change the tre n d , o r direction, they m ove in.11 Look at the shopping baskets w h ich show the prices o f everyday goodsin five countries.Answer the questions.1 In which country is the shopping basket of everyday goods most expensive?2 In which country is it least expensive?3 What is the price difference between the most and least expensive countries?4 W hat items do you th in k the shopping basket contains?5 W hy do you th in k the prices are different?94JapanSwitzerlandFrance94Canada■Business Environment2 Read the text below to check your answer to exercise 1 question 5.Many everyday brands which are used bypeople in almost every country can havevarying prices throughout the world.Some of the variations in price are due todifferences in exchange rates, some aredue to the differences in local rawmaterials and production or shippingLanguageFocus Onecosts and some are due to variation intaxes.However, the wide variation in prices forsome brands cannot be explained bythese factors and it may be that multinational companies are charging whatthey think the market will bear.Modal verbs: talking about possibility1 ‘The Big Mac Index' shows how long it takes in different countries toearn enough money to buy a Big Mac w ith French fries.In Lagos it takes almost tw o full working days for the average worker to earnenough to buy a Big Mac and a large portion of French fries.In Tokyo it only takes 25 minutes.T h e Big M a c In d ex1 How long must people work in Nairobi, Caracas,London and Budapest to buy a Big Mac and fries?2 How much do a Big Mac and large fries cost in yourcountry? How long do you have to work to buy them?(based on the average wage)29 .2 Listen to the following sentences.
Do youthink the speaker is sure about the reasons she gives forthe price of Big Macs, or is she m aking educatedguesses?m ay, m ig h tWorking time required to buy a Big Mactype hamburger and large portion оIFrench fries, around the World.1 The average wage may be quite low in Caracas or a BigMac m ight cost a lot there.(jingo mJ minutes2 It takes a long tim e to earn enough to buy a Big Mac inLagos. There may be a luxury tax on it in Nigeria.fmhlurt 23 minutesc a n 't, co u ldloodoo3 In Chicago the com petition from other hamburgercompanies could affect the price.38Jokoanesburg4 5 1minutesS m o s A ire s68kkerta974 I could be w rong, but I think the Big Mac and a portion offries costs about £3.00 in London.minutes5 Big Macs may cost more to produce in Lagos, but it can'tbe because of the cost of labour. Labour costs are so lowthere.minutes128IЫМminutesAdverbs: m aybe, perhaps, p ro b a b ly177minutes(areas243logos683 minutes6 Perhaps/Maybe Big Macs are more expensive in Britainbecause demand is high.minutes7 Salaries are probably higher in Frankfurt than in London.N O T E : maybe is o n e w o r d w h e n it m ean s perhaps.
C o m p a re th et w o sentences: Maybe d e m a n d is v e ry h ig h in C h ica g o . D e m a n d inC h icag o m ay be v e ry h ig h .9595u n it nine3 True or false (T/F)?1 We use may, might, can and could to talk about possibility.We don't use them if we are sure of something.T/F2 Can't expresses stronger possibility than could.T/FFormThe modal verbs may, might, can't, could are always followed by anin fin itive w ith o u t to:Competition could affect the price.►PronunciationOneG ra m m a r R eference p ag e 153Word linking19.3a Listen to the fo llo w in g words. Can you hear the fin a l letter?couldm ig htcan't29.3b Now listen to the same words in the fo llo w in g sentences. Whatdo you notice about the fin a l letter?1 It could be true.4 It could arrive today.2 You m ig h t be right.5 He m ig h t ask for an extra week.3 That ca n 't be right.6 It c a n 't add up.3 In each case, does the fo llo w in g word start w ith a vowel sound or aconsonant sound?4 raLanguagePractice One9 зь Listen to the sentences again and repeat.1 Read the fo llo w in g sentences and match them to possible reasons.FACTSPOSSIBLE REASONS AN D RESULTS1 There is high unemployment.a Perhaps this is because they arebecoming difficult to find,2 No one wants to invest in theNorth.b Maybe investors are worried aboutthe political situation there,3 A computer firm announces amassive profit.c This m ight be because its newproduct is very popular,4 The cost of raw materials will gethigher.d This could be because companiesonly want to employ highly skilledworkers.9696Business Environment■29.4 Look at the tw o pie charts.
Listen to a business analyst talkingabout IKEA. Add the names of countries and parts o f the w orld to thecharts.Germany3 Work in pairs. What are the possible reasons for the facts? Talk aboutIKEA's situation. Use the ideas in brackets to help you.1 Sales in Germany account for about 15% of the total.Example:This could be because the style o f furniture is very popular in Germany.2 Sales in Sweden account for a healthy 10% of total sales.(possible reasons: Swedish design of products, environm entally friendly, cost)3 Sales in North America account for 14.4%.(possible reason: size of population)NordicCountries28.8%17.2%OtherIE u ro p eanC o u n trie s1 9 .2 %32%4 19.2% of IKEA's purchases from suppliers come from the Far East.(possible reasons: low costs, availability of raw materials)5 17.2% of purchases come from Eastern Europe.(possible reason: low labour costs)6 Only 3.3% of purchases come from N orth America.(possible reason: high costs there)LIKEA purchasesCross-culturalComparisonLook at the chart w hich ranks countries according to competitiveness.W O R LD BEATERS: THE M O S T C O M PETITIVE C O U N TR IES (previous ranking in brackets)BottomTop20406080Finland 1No rw ay ISw itzerland 3Denm ark ICanada IBritain IGermany 16080100Argentina31 (28)4 (6)1 «GreeceBrazil37 ( 33)5(4)j 3Czech Rep.38 (35)Singapore 1Netherlands I401006(7>iЩ7 (8)Ш8(12>I10(10)'12<11»}14(1413 6 (37)Thailand38 (29)India41 (41)South AfricaColombiaPoland4 2 (44)45 (43)Russia4 6 (46)4 4 (42)Work in pairs.
Choose three countries and discuss the reasons for theirposition on the scoreboard. T h in k about some o f these points.labour costs• political stabilityinfrastructureinternational tradeinflationforeign investm enttaxestechnology9797u n it n in eListening1 и 9.5 Listen to Тош Armstrong talking about five countries on thescoreboard. Complete the table.1COUNTRYP O S IT IO NUnited StatesTop/FirstR EASO N23452 Did Tom mention any of the three countries you discussed in the Crosscultural comparison? Did you guess the reasons correctly?W ritin gConnectors to show addition of information1 The words in bold are connectors that show the writer is adding moreinformation. Read the examples to see how they are used.1 The country is suffering for a number of reasons; the infrastructure is poor,there is little inward investment and workers are demotivated too/as well.2 Like Finland, Norway also showed strong growth last year.3 India benefits from low labour costs, and in addition raw materials areplentiful.4 The Netherlands is in the top five countries.
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