first insights into business ocr (835550), страница 15
Текст из файла (страница 15)
Finland is as well.2 What do you notice about the position of the connectors? Match theconnector with its position.1 too/as well2 in addition3 alsoa end of clauseb mid positionc start of secondclause or second sentence3Use one of the connectors to complete the following sentences.1 Singapore has a very strong infrastructure._____________ there is a highlevel of trade and investment.2 The Netherlands comes in the top five countries.
Finland is _____________up in the top five.3 High corporate taxes can have a negative effect on an economy. Theyreduce companies' profits a n d ______________ they do not encourage foreigninvestment.4 Although Poland is in 45th place, it shows a strong entrepreneurial spirit,a n d ______________ it has a good rate of growth.5 Britain is below Finand. Germany i s ______________ below Finland.6 Ireland is now attracting a lot of foreign investment. Multinationals areopening offices there and more Irish people are staying in Ireland to work,9898Business Environment4Look at the inform ation below. Choose one country and w rite aparagraph using connectors to show the addition o f inform ation.country 2• low unem ploym ent• low corporate taxes• a lot of foreign investm ent• good growth• skilled workforcecountry 1• has very high inflation• has high unem ploym ent• there is political instability• has export difficulties• President is in poor healthG ra m m a r R eference page 1 57LanguageFocus TwoROVERPresent Passive1 Look at the diagram o f the car engine.
The in form ation around it showswhere cars are made or developed. W hich car manufacturers are featured,and what is the n atio n ality of each?NationalityFIATRover 200/400:NationalitySeicento: Tychy, PolandDeveloped with Honda of Japan, builtin Oxford and Birmingham, UK.NISSANNationality _Primera, Micra, Primo Estate:Sunderland, UKAlmera Patrol, QX: JapanSerena, Terano, Venet: SpainVAUXHALLNationality _______Astra: Ellesmere Port, UK,Eisenacht, Germany; Antwerp, BelgiumClassic Astra: Hungary and PolandCorsa and Tigra: Zaragoza, Spain andEisenacht, GermanySintra Engines: Ellesmere Port, UK.Built in Dorrevill, USA.(Called Pontiac Adventure in USA,called Sintra in Europe.)25432PEUGEOTNationality ________206: Ryton near Coventry, UK.
Over 50% ofparts from UK. Other parts from ECcountries.Complete the sentences.1 The Vauxhall Sintra is m ade i n ______________, _______________ .2 The Nissan Primera is built i n ______________ , UK.3 The Fiat Seicento is m ade i n _______________ , _____________ .4 The Rover 200 is built a t _______________ a n d ______________ , UK.5 The Peugeot 206 is built i n ______________ , UK, and more than 50% of partsare sourced in the UK.
The rest come from other EC countries.9999u n it nine3Look again at sentences 1 to 5 in exercise 2. They are in the passive form.1 Do we know who carries out the action in each sentence? (Who made theVauxhall Sintra? Who built the Nissan Primera?)2 Is it important to know who performs the action? (Are we interested in thefactory workers in these sentences?)3 Why does the writer use a passive sentence:'The Vauxhall Corsa is made in Zaragoza, Spain.’and not an active sentence:'Spanish workers make the Vauxhall Corsa ?4Complete the sentences.1 We form a passive w ith the correct part of the v e rb _________ + the past2 The о______________of an active verb becomes the s______________ of apassive verb.Active: Spanish workers make ( Vauxhall cars^OBJECTPassive:(Vauxhai! carp are made in Zaragoza.SUBJECT3 I n _______________ sentences you do not need to include the 'doer', i.e.the person or thing which performs the action, because this is not anim portant piece of inform ation.N ow check your answers in the Grammar reference.►LanguagePractice Tw oG ra m m a r R eference p ag e 1 5 41 W rite the fo llo w in g paragraph using the passive form o f the verb inbrackets.
Be careful w ith the past participles.The Vauxhall SintraThe engines 1 (manufacture) at Ellesmere Port in the UK. The cars 2 (build) in theUS and 3 (sell) there as the Pontiac. Cars 4 (ship) back to the UK and 5 (sell) as theSintra.100100Business Environment■2The business environm ent is becoming more technologically advanced.Look at the diagram w hich shows how interactive telephone services work.f Can you +e((ме when thenex* BA f(i>h+♦o Paris leaver?C an y o ut e ll mewhen then e x t BAflig h t toro u t10 10 10 0 1te x t ConvertedThe next flig h tis BA 1 04- atI'f.JO hours.The next flig h tis B A 204 at17.30 hours.10111010001flig h t IsBA 2 0 4at 17.30hours.dcftabaSeIndependent on Sunday3 In the six sentences w hich describe the illustrations above, the w rite ruses telegraphic language to keep the sentences short.
Complete the sixsentences in fu ll.Example:1 A telephone enquiry is made.1 A telephone e nq u iry___________ .2 The speech___________________ to digital code.3 The digitised sounds___________ w ith those on the computer a n d ___________ for meaning.4 The appropriate in form a tion___________________ from the computerdatabase.5 The in form a tion ___________________ to text.6 The te x t___________________ to speech.4Work in pairs. Describe a process you are fa m ilia r w ith to your partner.101101u n it nineReading1 The newspaper article below is about Marks & Spencer (M&S).
Read thefirst paragraph. W hat were profits like when the text was written?2 Read paragraph 2 and say w hich tw o sectors Marks & Spencer deals in.W hich one is doing well?3 On the retailing side M&S is involved in various product ranges. Readparagraphs 3-5 and say w h ich o f the fo llo w in g are mentioned.1 home furnishings2 jewellery3 food4 clothing and footwear5 newspapers and magazines6sports goodsW hich area o f business is M&S going to expand?4W hich three markets do paragraphs 6, 7 and 8 describe?5 Read the topic sentences in paragraphs 6, 7 and 8.
Are profits up or downin a ll three markets?6 W hich word describes the trend fo r each market? Match a phrase w iththe correct market.M a rk e tsT ren d s1Far EastEurope3 N orth Americaa profits were h it2b profits fell7c suffered a dow nturnW hich factor in the business environm ent affected sales in each market?No Quick Respite in Sight fo r M&S*1ц m ARKS & SPENCER suffered at home andI m J I abroad during the first half of its financialI W I year and the company admits that tradingin recent weeks has shown no signs ofimprovement.2The group makes the vast majority of its profitsin Britain and these fell 20 .2 % to £ 316.5 million inthe six months to 26 September.
The figures wereslightly boosted* by a good performance fromfinancial services, where profits rose 19% to £ 44.9million. Retailing profits fell almost £88 million to£ 271.9 million.3Sales of home furnishings showed the biggestdecline, with a fall of 1.6 % over the half year and7 .1% in the second quarter. Clothing and footwearsales were 2 .3 % ahead in the six month periodbut fell 0 .3 % in the last three months from a 4 .9 %increase in the first quarter.4 Food was the most resilient area: it rose 2 .1%overall, and maintained positive sales growth overthe entire six-month period.M&S is focusing on a range o f initiatives in itsfood departm ents, including butcher shops,delicatessen counters*, bakeries and coffeeshops.
These are expected to be introduced into100 stores as quickly as possible.6Overseas, the Far East suffered the worstdownturn, reflecting continuing economic troublein the region. The group made a £ 1.2 million lossoverseas, compared with £ 10.8 million profit in51997Europe was also hit, primarily by the impact ofthe strong pound.8North American profits also fell from £2 millionto £ 1.2 million.7* NoQuick Respite in Sight fo r M & S : there is no sign thatbusiness will improve rapidly for M & S* boosted: im proved* delicatessen counter: a section of a shop which sellsspecial cheeses, cooked meat, salads etc.Evening Standard102102Business Environment UVocabularyW ord building1 The text describes the trends for M&S's profits in key markets.
Put eachword from the box in the table.1 im provem ent (n) (para 1)4 decline (n) (para 3)2 fell (v) (para 2)5 increase (n) (para 3)3 rose (v) (para 2)t6maintained (v) (para 4)no changeIIIB ^f a llin gris in gVERBSNOUNSVERBSNOUNSVERBSNOUNSto improvean improvementtotoatoatotoatoantoatoato2 Now add the follow ing words to the table.a fallPronunciationTw oa risea decreaseto increaseto growto declineto decreaseto dropto stabilisea dropStress patterns19 .6 aListen to how the verb and noun are pronounced.
Repeat.verb2noun•to increase.•an increaseto decreasea decreaseto im p o rtan im p o rtto e xp o rtan e xp o rt9 .6 bListen to seven sentences. Do you hear the noun or the verb?103103unit nineBusinessCom m unicationD e sc rib in g tre n d sCarsso!d(in millions)E u ro p e a n car sales 1991 - 2 0 0 01 The graph shows car sales from 1991 to 2000.Look at the graph and read these sentences.Notice how the verbs + prepositions are used.• From 1992 to 1993 car registrations decreased from 13.5 million to 11.2million.• Car registrations increased from 11.2 million in 1993 to 11.9 million in1994.• They decreased by about three hundred thousand (300,000) from 1991 to1997.• There was a decrease of about half a million from 1991 to 1996.Now complete these sentences using the graph.1 a ________ 1993 b________ 1994 registrations rose c_________ about7,000 (seven thousand).2 There was a decrease_________ about 2.3 (two point three) million from1992 to 1993.3 Car registrations rose a_________ about 11.2 (eleven point two) million in1993 b_________ about 12.8 (twelve point eight) million in 1996.2Look at the graph again.
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