first insights into business ocr (835550), страница 13
Текст из файла (страница 13)
You w ill learnho w different types o f business operate and develop yo u r skills soth a t you can take on the w ide range o f career op p ortu n itie s weoffer.D eterm ined, w ith excellent interpersonal and com m unication skills,a strong analytical m ind and the confidence to make criticaldecisions, yo u ’ll need the drive and self-discipline to take ongrow ing responsibilities and demanding exams at the same tim e.You’ll also need to have, o r be expecting, a firs t o r second classhonours degree, and be free to jo in us in July in London o r a rangeo f locations in southern England and the Midlands.In re tu rn , as well as exceptional training, you can expect a startingsalary between around £14,000 and £21,000 depending on location,qualifications and experience.
If you m eet o u r expectations you canexpect to be earning £30,000 in 4 years.O nly yo u r potential counts w ith us. W e are firm ly co m m itte d torecru it, develop and p ro m o te people on th e ir abilities, and w ill n o tdiscrim inate on grounds o f gender o r race.For fu rth e r in fo rm a tio n and an application fo rm , w rite to InlandRevenue, Fast Stream Developm ent Program me, HR Division, POBox 55, M ow bray House, Castle M eadow Road, N ottingham , N G 2I BE quoting reference FS/G2. Telephone 0 1150974 0696. W e musthave yo u r com pleted application fo rm by 6 November.S jV y i'The Inland Revenue is an Equal Opportunities Employer.чЗ?^In la n d R evenueFastitreamssD e v e lo p m e n t Program m e2 Read the advertisement again and complete the sentences w ith a verb.1 We w ill--------------- you invaluable training for a unique career.2 The Fast Stream Programme w ill_________ you insight into governmentpolicy.3 You w ill--------------- how different types of business operate.4 You w ill_________ drive and self-discipline.5 We w ill n o t_________ on grounds of gender or race.6 They--------------- accept applications after 6 November.85■u n it e ig h tPronunciationTwoShort form of will\8.4 Listen and notice how the speaker pronounces w ill in thesesentences.
Repeat the sentences.2The six sentences from Language Focus exercise 2 describe w orking forthe Inland Revenue in the future. Look at the sentences. Are the follow ingtrue or false?aWe use w ill to talk generally about the future.T/Fb Will is always followed by infinitive w ith o u t to.T/FcThe negative is formed: w ill + not + infinitive without to.T/Fd In the w ritten form w ill is often w ritten 'll.T/Fe The short form of w ill/w ill not is always used in speakingexcept in questions and short answers.e.g. Will you give me training? Yes, we will.T/FG ra m m a r R eference p ag e 151LanguagePractice Two1 Use these prompts to w rite six sentences.Example:Inland Revenue/give/trainingInland Revenue w ill give you training.1 You/learn/management skills2 we/offer/excellent training3 you/earn/£l4,000 - £21,000 per year4 you/take/exams5 Inland Revenue/not/discriminate against you6 you/live/Southern England2Now say the sentences.
Remember to use the short form o f w ill.3Work in pairs.Student A You see the following advertisement. Phone your partnerto find out more.Student В turn to page 148.Phone Student В to find out about this job.Use the future form will to ask Student В forinformation. Ask about:•• opportunities to use my languages?• work abroad?• receive training?• date of interviews? ( When ...?)Example:Will I have opportunities to use my languages?8686People U1 lr a 8.5 Morna Lawson talks about various aspects o f w ork.
Listen andcomplete the notes.Job satisfaction1 Three things that are im portant to M orna in a jo b : _______________________Management styles2 She likes a manager to be a_______________ , b ut at the same tim e to beb_______________ . In other words the manager allows her to get on w ith it,b ut is there to c_______________ her.Workplace culture3 Spain and Britain are probably similar now, b ut when M orna worked in Spain shenoticed t h a t ___________________________________________________________.Managers4Morna's favourite manager was a______________ .
She allowed her to get onw ith the w ork and to b_______________ (it w asn't the end of the w orld) andM orna c_______________ .W ork in pairs and compare your notes.2How w ould you like your manager to be? Choose three descriptions.supportivea good teacherhands-offunderstandingavailableinspirational3 Morna talks about the workplace cultures in B ritain and Spain.Look at your notes and choose a sentence tha t matches w hat she says.a The Spanish live to w ork and the British w ork to live,b The British live to w ork and the Spanish w ork to live.W hat is the workplace culture in your country like?8787Reading881 The text is about the different styles that men and women have in theworkplace.
Look at the cartoons and say w hich figures you th in k representmen and w hich represent women?welcome contributionsPeople2■Read the text and see if the writer's ideas are the same as yours.3 The text has eight m ain sub-sections. Match the cartoons onpage 88 to the sections.EN and women dothingsdifferently.There are, of course,exceptions to everygeneralisation, including this one.Cristina Stuart is a managingdirector of Speakeasy Training, aconsultancy that runs courses formen and women working together.Here she describes a few keydifferences between the sexes inthe workplace.Mi W orking to g e th e rThe male approach to business iscompetitive,directandconfrontational.
The end justifies the1 means." Personal status and a focuson the individual are important.ThefemalemethodisI collaborative. Collective action andresponsibility are more important thanI personalachievement.Lateral| thinking", as well as goodwill and thewell-being of the individual, are also ofgreat importance.2Tackling p ro b le m sThe male approach is to goto the heart of the problem,withouttakingintoaccouhtsecondary considerations.
The femalepreference is to look at variousoptions.з Body la n g u a g eMale body language tends to bechallenging. Female body languagetends towards self-protection. Astereotypical female pose is sittingcross-legged; the male sits with legsapart to give an impression that he isin control.Male behaviour can includeforceful gestures for example banginga fist on the desk for effect. Thefemale style does not usually includeaggressive gestures.4 LanguageThe male way of speaking does notencourage discussion. Women tendto welcome others' opinions andcontributions more.s C o n v e rs a tio nMen like to talk about their personalexperiences and achievements ordiscuss 'masculine' topics such ascars or sport.
Women tend to talkabout staff problems and personalmatters.6 M e e tin g sIf a woman does not copy the maleconfrontational style, she is oftenignored.humour is less hurtful. A woman oftenjokes against herself.CAVEATMany men have a female style ofworking. Equally many women have amale approach.As Ms Stuart says many of thecurrent management theorems flatter organisations*, empowerment,managing by consensus* - have afemale style to them.* the end justifies the means: it doesn'tmatter what methods you use; successis the only im portant thing* lateral thinking: thinking in a creativeway, making unusual connections* flatter organisations: organisations in7 S e lf- p r o m o tio nMen find it easy to tell others abouttheir successes. Women tend toshare or pass on the credit for asuccess.w hich there are fewer managers andpeople have equal status* managing by consensus: managing bygetting everyone to agree8 H um ourMen's humour can be cruel - a man'sjoke usually has a victim.
FemaleThe Independent on Sundayш ш ш т ш т ш ш ш ааш ш ш ш ш М8989u n it e ig h t4According to the text, w hich o f these phrases are typ ica lly used by menand w hich by women?Example:'It's very simple. The point isMen because 'the male approach is to go to the heart o f the matter'.1 'But we need to take account of ...'2 'You look worried. W hat do you think about the new plan?'3 'That's rubbish!'4 'I built the departm ent from nothing.'5 'Thanks for your kind words, but this really was a team effort.'6 'It was so funny.
He looked ridiculous!'5Work in groups and discuss the questions.1 What is the style of male and female managers in companies in yourcountry? Are they similar to the ones outlined in the text?2 Do you think there is a difference in style between men and women or is anydifference usually because of personality?3 Do you know any men who have a 'female' style of working? or womenwho have a 'male' style of working?4 Do you find it easier to work with men or women? Why?6 Choose a spokesperson in the group to make a presentation to the wholeclass, summarising the opinions in the group.VocabularyWord building1 Complete the table w ith words from the text then mark the stress.VERBNOUN•1 to compete (with)•competition2 to confrontconfrontation3 to collaboratecollaborationcontrolling4 to control5encouragementencouragingachieving6 to achieve2ADJECTIVE•competitiveComplete the fo llo w in g sentences using one o f the words from the table.1 It was a great_____________ to win the company's prize for excellence.2 This is a really difficult job at times.
I'd like a bit o f ______________from myboss occasionally.3 I hate having meetings w ith Alan. He's always aggressive a n d ____________ .4 I don't like working on my own, I need other people t o _____________with.5 It's impossible t o _____________ events, but you can influence them.9090People Ш ■'WritingClauses of contrast1 Clauses of contrast give inform ation w hich is surprising when comparedto the m ain clause. Read the sentences and notice how the c o n ju n ctio n sintroduce the clause of contrast.1 Men and women have different styles but both can adopt the other gender'sway of working.2 Although the m ajority of employees in the company are women, men holdmost of the senior management posts.3 It is sometimes dangerous to generalise, however we can note some specificdifferences between men and women's styles.Check your ideas w ith the Gram m ar Reference section.2 Look at the chartcomparing Chief ExecutiveOfficers' pay.CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS' PAYHow total remuneration divides up, $ '000s400Work in pairs and writethree sentences usingclauses of contrast.600800Spain IExamples:Although a ll the pay is veryhigh, it is higher in somecountries than in others.Although basic pay fo r CEOsis sim ilar in France andItaly, the total salary ishigher in France.►G ra m m a r R eferen ce p a g e 1 5 69191u n it e ig h tBusinessC om m unicationTalking about your job1 W ork in pairs.
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