mordkovitch-gdz-7-2003_1-1145 (542425), страница 4
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Свойства степеней с натуральными показателями№ 181а) x2 · x3 = x5; б) y6 · y4 = y10; в) z5 · z12 = z17; г) t10 · t24 = t34.№ 182а) a5 · a = a6; б)b · b6 = b7; в)c7 · c = c8; г)d n · d = d n+1.№ 183а) s3 · s5 · s8 = s3 + 5+ 8 = s16;в) m13 · m8 · m = m13 + 8 + 1 = m22;б) r14 · r12 · r51 = r14 + 12 + 51 = r67.г) n4 · n · n10 = n4 + 1 + 10 = n15.№ 184а) u15 · u23 · u · u7 = u15 + 23 + 1 + 7 = u46; б) r4 · r12 · r51 = r4 + 12 +51 = r67;в) v3 · v9 · v4 · v = v3 + 9 + 4 + 1 = v17; г) q13 · q8 · q7 · q21 = q13 + 8 + 7 + 21 =q49.№ 185а) ( a – b )3 · ( a – b )2 = ( a – b )3 + 2 = ( a – b )5;б) ( c + d )7 · ( c + d )8 = ( c + d )7 + 8 = ( c + d )15;в) ( q + r )15 · ( q + r )8 = ( q + r )15 + 8 = ( q + r )23;г) ( m – n )5 · ( m – n )4 = ( m – n )5 + 4 = ( m – n )9.№ 186а) ( ax )5 · ( ax )7 · ( ax ) = ( ax )5 + 7 + 1 = ( ax )13;б) ( cd )8 · ( cd )8 · ( cd ) = ( cd )8 + 8 + 1 = ( cd )17;в) ( cd )8 · ( cd )8 · ( cd ) = ( cd )8 + 8 + 1 = ( cd )17;г) (– pq)13 · (– pq) · ( pq ) = (– pq)13 + 1 · ( pq ) = ( pq )15.№ 187а) x7 · x18;№ 188а) r3 · ∗ = r11;11 – 3 = 8;r3 · r8 = r11;б) x9 · x16;в) x24 · x;г) x · x24.б) ∗ · r14 = r10; в) r13 · ∗ · r18 = r43;10 – 14 = –4; 43 – 13 – 18 = 12;r –4 · r14 = r10; r13 · r12 · r18 = r43;г) ∗ · r21 · r11 = r40;40 – 21 – 11 = 8;r8 · r21 · r11 = r40.№ 189а) r12 · ∗ · r3 · ∗ = r26;26 – 12 – 3 = 11;11 = 5 + 6;r12 · r5 · r3 · r6 = r26;б) r44 · ∗ · r · ∗ = r51;51 – 44 – 1 = 6;6 = 3 + 3;r44 · r3 · r · r3 = r51;в) ∗ · r7 · ∗ · r9 · r13 = r48;48 – 7 – 9 – 13 = 19;19 = 9 + 10;r9 · r7 · r10 · r9 · r13 = r48;г) r · r14 · ∗ · r20 · ∗ = r72;72 – 1 – 14 – 20 = 37;37 = 17 + 20;r · r14 · r17 · r20 · r20 = r72.№ 190а) 25 · 24 = 25 + 4 = 29 = 512;в) 72 · 7 = 72 + 1 = 73 = 343;б) 33 · 32 = 33 + 2 = 35 = 243;г) 9 · 92 = 91 + 2 = 93 = 729.29№ 191а) 4 · 2 = 22 · 2 = 22 + 1 = 23;в) 64 · 512 = 26 · 29 = 26 + 9 = 215;б) 32 · 8 = 25 · 23 = 25 + 3 = 28;г) 16 · 32 = 24 · 25 = 24 + 5 = 29.№ 192а) 5 · 25 = 5 · 52 = 51 + 2 = 53;в) 54 · 125 = 54 · 53 = 54 + 3 = 57;б) 53 · 625 = 53 · 54 = 53 + 4 = 57;г) 59 · 3125 = 59 · 55 = 59 + 5 = 514.№ 193а) a = (– 13)9 · (– 13)8;9 + 8 = 17 – нечетное.Ответ: отрицательное.в) а = (– 28)2 · (– 28)6;2 + 6 = 8 – четное.Ответ: положительное.б) a = (– 17)17 · (– 17)71;17 + 71 = 88 – четное.Ответ: положительное.г) а = (– 43)41 · (– 43)14;41 + 14 = 55 – нечетное.Ответ: отрицательное.№ 194а) x · 73 = 75;б) 122 · x = 123;в) 46 · x = 48;г) x · 56 = 59;533286x=7 :7;x = 12 : 12 ;x=4 :4;x = 59 : 56;212x=7;x = 12 ;x=4;x = 53;x = 49.x =12.x =16.x = 125.Ответ: 49.Ответ: 12.Ответ: 16.Ответ: 125.№ 195а) x7 : x4 = x7 – 4 = x3;б) y16 : y12 = y16 – 12 = y4;в) z13 : z = z13 – 1 = z12;г) m28 : m27 = m28 – 27 = m1 = m.№ 196а) a12 : a10 : a = a12 – 10 – 1 = a1 = a;б) b45 : b15 : b29 = b45 – 15 – 29 = b1 = b;33–1–11в) c : c : c = c= c = c;г) d43 : d14 : d5 = d43 – 14 – 5 = d24.№ 197а) (a – b)3 : (a – b)2 = (a – b)3 –2 = (a – b)1 = (a – b);б) (z + r)13 : (z + r)8 : (z + r)3 = (z + r)13 – 8 – 3 = (z + r)2;в) (c + d)8 : (c + d)5 = (c + d)8 – 5 = (c + d)3;г) (m – n)42 : (m – n)12 : (m – n)29 = (m – n)42 – 12 – 29 = (m – n)1 = (m – n).№ 198а) 1013 : 108 = 1013 – 8 = 105 = 100000; б) 1217 : 1216 = 1217 – 16 = 12;в) (–324)3:(–324)2=(– 324)3 – 2 = –324; г) 0,75127:0,75126=0,75127 – 26=0,751;№ 199а)7875= 73 = 343;б)0,67= 0,62 = 0,36;50,646в)30( −0, 2 ) = (– 0,2)4 = 0,0016;( −0, 2 )2⎛ 1⎞1⎜1 ⎟1⎛ 1⎞3г) ⎝ ⎠3 = ⎜1 ⎟ = 1 .3⎝ 3⎠⎛ 1⎞⎜1 ⎟3⎝ ⎠№ 20018⎛⎝18 −1717⎛ 1⎞⎛ 1⎞а) ⎜1 ⎟⎝ 3⎠: ⎜1 ⎟⎝ 3⎠1⎞6⎛⎝⎛ 1⎞13= ⎜1 ⎟⎝ 3⎠1⎞4⎛⎝=1 ;1⎞6−4б) ⎜ −2 ⎟ : ⎜ −2 ⎟ = ⎜ −2 ⎟777⎠⎛ 2⎞23⎛ 2⎞в) ⎜ 3 ⎟⎝ 9⎠⎛ 2⎞: ⎜3 ⎟⎝ 9⎠15⎛⎝⎠217⎞г) ⎜ −1 ⎟814⎛⎝⎠⎠23− 217⎞⎛⎝⎛ 29 ⎞15 −147⎞84131№ 201а) x5 : x2 = x3; б) x18 : x7 = x11;⎛17⎞7= ⎜ −1 ⎟ = −1 .8⎝ 8⎠= ⎜ −1 ⎟8⎠2= ⎜ ⎟ == 10 ;8181⎝ 9 ⎠= ⎜3 ⎟⎝ 9⎠: ⎜ −1 ⎟8222529⎛ 15 ⎞=4 ;⎟ =4949⎝ 7⎠= ⎜−⎠в) x49 : x36 = x13; г) x104 : x5 = x99.№ 202а) x52 : x10 : x2 = x52 – 10 – 2 = x40;в) x45 : x30 : x15 · x = x45 – 30 – 15 + 1 = x;б) r44 · r20 · r : r14 = r44 + 20 + 1 – 14 = r51;г) x100 : x26 : x = x100 – 26 – 1 = x73.№ 203а) 128 n : 12856 = 12842;б) 2163 : 216 n = 216;в) 395 n : 395 = 3959;г) 5484 : 548 n = 5483;n = 98;n = 2;n = 10;n = 1;№ 204а) x : 25 = 23;x = 23 · 25;x = 28;x = 256.Ответ: 256.n – 56 = 42;3 – n =1;n – 1 = 9;4 – n = 3;б) 36 : x = 34;x = 36 : 34;x = 32;x = 9.Ответ: 9.Ответ: 98.Ответ: 2.Ответ: 10.Ответ: 1.в) 78 : x = 74;x = 78 : 74x = 74;x = 2401.Ответ: 2401.г) x : 52 = 5;x = 5 · 52;x = 53;x = 125.Ответ: 125.№ 205а)в)73 ⋅ 712147= 73+12 −14 = 71 = 7 ;15 ⋅ 15131215б)= 151 + 13 – 12 = 152 = 225; г)1015 ⋅ 107= 1015 + 7 – 19 = 103 = 1000;101943126543 ⋅ 43=43124311= 4312 −11 = 43 .№ 20616( 0,3)3а)12⋅ 0,3130,3=150,3130,3= 0,32 = 0,09 ;17⎛7⎞ 7 ⎛7⎞2⎜ ⎟ ⋅⎜ ⎟49888⎛7⎞б) ⎝ ⎠ 15 = ⎝ ⎠15 = ⎜ ⎟ =;864⎝ ⎠⎛7⎞⎛7⎞⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎝8⎠⎝8⎠31⎛1⎞⎜ ⎟0,09 ⋅ 0,090,0932в)== 0,09 = 0,0081 ;г) ⎝ ⎠770,090,09543№ 207а)в)x 5 ⋅ x8x3c12 ⋅ c10cx13=21x3== x10 ;c 22c21y 7 ⋅ y9б)=c;y5№ 208а) ( x3 )2 = x3 · 2 = x6;в) ( x7 )12 = x7 · 12 = x84;d15y16=d 18 ⋅ d 12г)25⎛1⎞⎛1⎞·⎜ ⎟4⎜ ⎟⎝ 3⎠ = ⎝ 3⎠ = ⎛1⎞ = 1 .⎜⎟1181⎝ 3⎠339y5== y11 ;d 30d15= d 15 .б) ( x5 )6 = x5 · 6 = x30;г) ( x10 )13 = x10 · 13 = x130.№ 209а) ( 28 )5; б) ( 210 )4; в) ( 220 )2; г) ( 24 )10.№ 210а) ( m6 )3; б) ( m16 )3; в) ( a18 )3; г) ( b7 )3.№ 211а) ( 73 )2 = 73 · 2 = 76 = 117649;в) ( 42 )3 = 42 · 3 = 46 = 4096;б) ( 33 )2 = 33 · 2 = 36 = 729;г) ( 22 )5 = 22 · 5 = 210 = 1024.№ 212а) ( a6 )5 = a6 · 5 = a30;в) ( z4 )3 = z4 · 3 = z12;б) ( b2 )7 = b2 · 7 = b14;г) ( p12 )2 = p12 · 2 = p24.№ 213а) ( a3 )6 · a4 = a3 · 6 + 4 = a22;в) c6 · ( c2 )3 = c6 + 2 · 3 = c12;б) b5 · ( b3 )4 = b5 + 3 · 4 = b17;г) ( d8 )4 · d23 = d8 · 4 + 23 = d55.№ 214а)a 2 ⋅ a5 : a67814a ⋅a :a=a 2 + 5− 6a7 + 8 −14=a=1 ;aб)b13 ⋅ b12 : b3b204⋅b :b=b13+12 −3b20 + 4 −1z 3 ⋅ z17 q 43 ⋅ q 2 z 3+17 q 43+ 2⋅= 19 ⋅ 44 = z ⋅ q ;в)z19q 44zqг)m79 ⋅ m 4 m63 ⋅ m57 m79 + 4 m63+ 571⋅=⋅= 16 ⋅ m 24 = m8 .m99m96m99m96m№ 215а) y3; б) y6; в) y10; г) y20.№ 216а) ( x5 )4 · ( x6 )7 = x5 · 4 + 6 · 7 = x20 + 42 = x62;б) ( y8 )2 · ( y12 )3 = y8 · 2 + 12 · 3 = y16 + 36 = y52;32=b 22b23=1;bв) ( z13 )3 · ( z5 )9 = z13 · 3 + 5 · 9 = y39 + 45 = y84;г) ( t25 )2 · ( t10 )4 = t25 · 2 + 10 · 4 = y50 + 40 = y90.№ 217а) ( z5 )6 : z7 = z5 · 6 – 7 = z30 – 7 = z23; б) ( p3 )4 : p10 = p3 · 4 – 10 = p12 – 10 = p2;в) ( u14 )3 : u20 = u14 · 3 – 20 = u42 – 20 = z22;г) ( q8 )6 : q70 = q8 · 6 – 70 = q48 – 70 = q– 22.№ 218( x3 )а)4⋅ x7x3⋅4 + 7=x15x15=x19x15( y5 ) ⋅ ( y 2 ) = y5⋅7+ 2⋅4 = y 43 = y ;б)14y 3⋅14y 42( y3 )3d 2 ) ⋅ d 15 d 2⋅3+15 d 21(== 12 = d 9 .г)4⋅34 3dd(d )74=x ;( c3 ) ⋅ c5 = c3⋅5+5 = c20 = c2 ;в)36⋅318( c6 ) c c54№ 219а) ( x3 )n = x 3n; б) ( yn )5 = y5n; в) (– a4 )2n = a8n; г) (– b3 )6n = b18n.№ 220а)( )26 ⋅ 23=182(3 )6 2в)533 ⋅9=26 + 3⋅536⋅23+ 23182=31253=221182(56 )б)33=2 =8 ;= 37 = 2157 ;5г)⋅ 582247 ⋅ 16( )42 4==56⋅3+8547 + 242⋅422==4948526522= 54 = 625 ;=4.§ 7.
Умножение и деление степенейс одинаковыми показателями№ 221а) (2a)4 = 24 · a4; б) ( 3b )5 = 35 · b5; в) ( 6n )3 = 63 · n3; г) ( 8n )2 = 82 · n2.№ 222а) (– 2p)3 = (– 2)3 · p3;в) (– 7c)2 = (– 7)2 · c2;б) (– 5q)4 = (– 5)4 · q4;г) (– 3d)5 = (– 3)5 · d5.№ 223а) ( mn )6 = m6 · n6; б) ( ab )4 = a4 · b4; в) ( pq )3 = p3 · q3; г) (cd)10=c10 ·d10.№ 224а) (– ac )17 = (– a)17 · c17; б) (– am )8 = (– a)8 · m8;в) (– rs )3 = (– r)3 · s3; г) (– xy )12 = (– x)12 · y12.№ 225а) ( xy3 )2 = x2 · y6; б) ( a2bc3 )4 = a8 · b4 · c12;в) ( p3cd6 )18 = p54 · c18 · d108; г) ( u5v4t7 )8 = u40 · v32 · t56.33№ 226а) ( 3p2r8 )5 = 35 · p10 · r40;в) ( 10a2b5 )4 = 104 · a8 · b20;№ 227а) 36a2 = (6a)2;б) ( 6a5bx3 )3 = 63 · a15 · b3 · x9;г) ( 4r5q8p9 )2 = 42 · r10 · q16 · p18.б) 49b2 = (7b)2;№ 228а) a2 · b2 · c2 = (abc)2;в) m5 · n5 · s5 = (mns)5;в) 81c2 = (9c)2;г) 64d2 = (8d)2.б) x3 · y3 · z3 = (xyz)3;г) p12 · q12 · r12 = (pqr)2.№ 229б) 125 · c3 · d3 · z3 = (5cdz)3;а) 16 · x4 · y4 · z4 = (2xyz)4;2222в) 81 · m · p · q = (9mpq) ; г) 32 · r5 · s5 · q5 = (2rsq)5.№ 230а) a2 · b10 = (ab5)2;в) x2 · y4 · z24 = (xy2z12)2;б) x8 · y12 = (x4y6)2;г) p8 · q10 · z30 = ( p4q5z15 )2.№ 231а) x4 · y6 = (x2y3)2;в) 81 · c8 · d16 · f28 = ( 9c4d8f14 )2;б) 16 · q18 · r34 = (4q9r17 )2;г) 121 · m12 · n16 · r54 = ( 11m6n8r27 )2.№ 232а) 23 · 53 = 2 · 2 · 2 · 5 · 5 · 5 = (2 · 5) · (2 · 5) · (2 · 5) = 103 = 1000;б) 1 ;в) 0,66 · 56 = (0,6 · 5)6 = 36 = 729;3⎛ 35 ⎞3⎛6⎞3⎛2⎞3⎛ 35 · 6 · 2 ⎞3⎛ 35 · 12 ⎞3⎛1⎞31г) ⎜ ⎟ · ⎜ ⎟ · ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜⎟ =⎜⎟ =⎜ ⎟ = .8⎝ 24 ⎠ ⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 24 · 7 · 5 ⎠ ⎝ 24 · 35 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠№ 23312⎛a⎞⎝ ⎠а) ⎜ ⎟ =ba12b1217⎛c⎞⎝ ⎠; б) ⎜ ⎟d=c17d 17⎛ a⎞⎝⎠4; в) ⎜ − ⎟ =ba4⎛ c⎞5№ 23462⎛ 7x ⎞26 · a 6 64a 67 2 · x 2 49 x 2⎛ 2a ⎞; б) ⎜ ⎟ = 2 2 =;⎟ = 6 6 =6⎝ 3b ⎠3 ·b729b8 · y64 y 2⎝ 8y ⎠а) ⎜53c5c533 · m327 m3⎛ c ⎞⎛ 3m ⎞; г) ⎜ − ⎟ = − 3 3 = −.=⎟ = 555⎝ 2d ⎠⎝ 5n ⎠2 ·d32d5 ·n125n3в) ⎜№ 2352⎛ 35 ⎞310 59049а) ⎜ 2 ⎟ = 4 =;⎜7 ⎟24017⎝ ⎠342⎛ c5 ⎞; г ) ⎜ − ⎟ = −⎜ 5 ⎟ .⎜d ⎟⎝ d⎠b4⎝ ⎠⎛ 25 ⎞210 1024399б) ⎜ 2 ⎟ = 4 =;=1⎜5 ⎟6256255⎝ ⎠42⎛ −b 2 ⎞b8b8;⎟ = 4 =⎜ 8 ⎟40968⎝⎠⎛ ( −3)3 ⎞36729.⎟ = 4 =2⎟2401(7)7−⎝⎠в) ⎜г) ⎜⎜№ 236а)88979 ⎛ 7 ⎞⎛3⎞= ⎜ ⎟ ; б) 9 = ⎜ ⎟ ;⎝5⎠511 ⎝ 11 ⎠383в)4m3 ⎛ m ⎞=⎜ ⎟ ;8 ⎝2⎠г)c4 ⎛ c ⎞=⎜ ⎟ .16 ⎝ 2 ⎠№ 237а) b3x3=(bx)3; б) 25a4=(5a2)2; в) 32x10y5 = (2x2y)5; г) 16a8b12 = ( 2a2b3 )4.№ 238а) 85 · 0,1255 = (8 · 0,125)5 = 15 = 1; б) 46 · 0,256 = (4 · 0,25)6 = 16 = 1;в) 54 · 0,44 = (5 · 0,4)4 = 24 = 16; г) 1,257 · 87 = (1,25 · 8)7 = 107 = 10000000.№ 239⎛ 5⎞3⎛ 7⎞3⎛⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ 7 ⎞⎞3⎛5⎞312517=4а) ⎜ − ⎟ · ⎜ − ⎟ = ⎜ ⎜ − ⎟ · ⎜ − ⎟ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ =;2727⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠101010⎛ 7⎞⎝⎠⎛⎛ 7 ⎞ ⎛ 8 ⎞⎞⎠ ⎝⎠⎠⎝⎝⎛ 8⎞⎝⎠б) ⎜ − ⎟ · ⎜ − ⎟ = ⎜ ⎜ − ⎟ · ⎜ − ⎟ ⎟ = 110 = 1 ;8787⎛5⎞6⎛ 12 ⎞6⎛ 5 12 ⎞6⎛3⎞4⎛8⎞4⎛ 3 8⎞4в) ⎜ ⎟ · ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ · ⎟ = 26 = 64 ; г) ⎜ ⎟ · ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ · ⎟ = 24 = 16 .⎝6⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝6 5 ⎠⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 3⎠⎝ 4 3⎠№ 240а)в)56 ⋅ 12525425 ⋅ 843=56 ⋅ 53(5 )2 425 ⋅ 23==(22 )3=59852826=5;б)= 22 = 4 ; г)311 ⋅ 27961647 ⋅ 64==311 ⋅ 272 6(3 )=(24 )6(22 )7 ⋅ 26314312== 32 = 9;224220= 24 = 16 .№ 241а)в)28 ⋅ 3866( 2 ⋅ 3)8 = 68=711 ⋅ 911631066=66= 62 = 36 ; б)( 7 ⋅ 9 )11 = 6311 = 63 ; г)1010636335 ⋅ 4512328 ⋅ 88167=( 3 ⋅ 4 )5 = 125 = 122 = 144 ;=( 2 ⋅ 8)8 = 168123167123167= 16 .№ 242а)б)27 2 ⋅ 9481210226 ⋅ 56==27 2 ⋅ (32 )48121012( 2 ⋅ 5 )6==1012106( 27 ⋅ 3)2 ⋅ 36812= 36 = 729 ;= 106 = 1000000 ;35516 ⋅ 316в)1514=( 5 ⋅ 3)1615141516== 152 = 225 ;1514г)12635 ⋅ 45=126( 3 ⋅ 4 )5=126125= 12 .№ 243( x 8 ) 4 ⋅ ( x 5 )9а)( x15 ) 4 ⋅ ( x 4 ) 4x17 ⋅ x 23б)( x8 ) 3 ⋅ x 5 ⋅ ( x 2 ) 5( x45 )2 : ( x40 )2в)г)= 5;5 411(x ) : xxx15⋅4 + 4⋅4=104;= 1347 ;( x51)2 ⋅ ( x14 )7 ⋅ x300x8⋅4 + 5⋅925 4: (x )= 349 .=5;x17 + 23x8⋅3+ 5+ 2⋅5x45⋅2−40⋅25⋅4−11xx= 5;x 60 +16= 349 ;x 77x 76x 40= 104 ;= 1347 ;x51⋅2+14⋅7+1300−25⋅4x32 + 45x 24 + 5+10x90 −80x20 −11= 5 ; x = 5.= 1347 ;x102+98+1300−100xx 40= 104 ;x10= 349 ;= 104 ; x=104.x39x9= 1347 ; x=1347.x 201x 200= 349 ; x=349.§ 8.