ВКР Хартович А.А. (1233411), страница 11
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The pace of development and expansion of information is currently very high. A characteristic feature of most processes, including transport, is a constant expansion and creation of new information communications that improve and acquire new functions through the use of modern technology. The effectiveness of the system depends on the efficiency of technological, organizational and other processes. Therefore, the most important is to ensure continuity of control processes at the nodal points where the passage of goods is carried out between the networks of different transport agents, and thus where the passage of information is carried out between different networks. This applies, for example, transfer points (ports, railway stations, airport terminals, etc.), as well as the organization of uninterrupted intermodal (rail / river transport, rail / road).
Traditionally, the effectiveness of information security processes in the drug was associated with the use of information retrieval systems (IPS). However, the practice of the operation of such systems showed their lack of effectiveness. This is due to the fact that the functions of the IRS are limited, as the name implies, the search for information, while the essence of the activity in the market environment of choice and decision-making, taking into account the interests of all participants in the delivery. In fact, the IRS does not inform the consumer about the subject of
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the request, in the sense that somehow alters his knowledge on the subject. She informs him only the presence (or absence) of documents related to his request, and on where these documents can be found.
Modern information technologies, such as decision support systems, expert systems, and others, provide an opportunity for effective analysis of the feasibility of projects, process modeling, preparation and presentation of the results for subsequent decision-making. The use of modern information technology can improve the efficiency of delivery by allowing rapid access to information on the subjects (the buyer, the carrier terminal) and objects (goods, services) delivery.
Currently, the organization of multimodal transportation, the following information systems:
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System Gonrand. One of the tasks of information system Gon-rand is to collect information on the availability of cargo. Carrier gives the application of free freight opportunities and transportation. Information entered into the database. Information on cargo flows in continuously. The system allows you to group goods by sender, recipient, number of seats and provides information on the administration, the consignee name, car number, customer, department code and the amount of items by department.
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The system is designed to Videotrans information service enterprises of transport that can receive help and enter the information about the presence in their disposal of vehicles or goods for delivery.
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System CTC provides for information about the presence of forwarders goods, types of vehicles, the most efficient traffic routes, addresses transport companies, available-free rolling stock, etc. For carriers the system provides the following information: the ability to load cargo, address, place and time of loading with a load time of arrival, destination address, etc.
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BRS system operates similarly to the system of CTC. The shipper is not in contact with the carrier, and with the information system. The company guarantees payment to carriers performing the service if the customer did not make timely payments, which increases the attractiveness of the service, thus expanding the market reach of consumers.
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The system informs the user Espace Cat parameters of transported goods and their position in the vehicle body, presenting the data in the form of three-dimensional graphs. The system calculates the optimal parameters of the package. With a modular structure, it is quite easy to adapt to user requirements.
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System GPS - automated global satellite system for determining latitude and longitude location of the vehicle (ship, aircraft, trucks, etc.). The system is connected to the satellites. Each satellite continuously broadcasts time signals and the coordinates of its location. The vehicle must be equipped with special receiving apparatus that receives signals from three satellites simultaneously, processes them, and outputs the coordinates of the location on the display (error result is less than 3-15 m).
5 The electronic document management system in air transport
The transition to electronic document management technologies should transform the global air cargo industry, however, it requires considerable effort to implement. Russian airlines, shippers and governments need to be active, to keep up with global trends.
Freight air transport play a significant role in global business. According to IATA, despite the fact that the share of air freight accounts for only 2%, and almost all the rest of the cargo is transported by sea, the share of the cost of air
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Freight for international transportation is 35%.
E-Freight - international standard for paperless registration and maintenance of air cargo services recommended by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) for use in countries where the development of air cargo.
The introduction of e-Freight is carried out in the framework of the International Industrial Program IATA to simplify business (Simplifying the Business of Air Cargo).
The essence of e-Freight is to avoid the use of paper documents and their replacement by appropriate electronic documents and messages in the interaction during the preparation, design and execution of freight transport by air:
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interaction with the other participants with the state authorities;
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the interaction between the public authorities themselves;
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the interaction between the participants in a carriage.
And as a consequence, to the effective application of e-Freight pilot project covers the interaction after the carriage in which the required documents and / or special-mark on them as evidence of the implementation of the pervozki.
The transition to electronic document management in the cargo air transport (e-freight) industry promises great benefits. Unlike passenger traffic, which, in principle, possible to manage one electronic ticket (but still it turns out that this is not enough, and now promotes the IATA standard multifunctional electronic instrument - EMD), freight transportation is associated with considerable more complex document. But the result is going to be essential: it is possible to get rid of about 20 paper documents, and in general, according to IATA, the transition to electronic format will allow the industry to save up to $ 4.9 billion. Annually.
The legislation of most countries recognizes the electronic documentation. The number of exceptions, in particular, include Thailand, Indonesia, Russia and Vietnam, which should quickly take action or risk being out of this important business.
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The transition to electronic technologies should reduce costs and shorten the time of transportation, thus there will be an increase of punctuality, service quality and customer awareness. Service quality increase, in particular, by reducing the number of errors. For Russian carriers transition to e-freight will increase competitiveness in overseas markets, including by accelerating the transit and transfer to Russia.
The development of electronic technology entails the modernization of production processes clearance throughout the supply chain transportation. The program of e-freight involved airline cargo agency, ground handling companies and customs authorities. The purpose of the program initiated by IATA - reduce the cost of paper work by 80%. In the context of Russian reality can make electronic documents 16, which accounted for 62% of the total market. These include: invoice, packing list, certificate of origin, a letter of instructions, dangerous goods declaration, the main air waybill, the total bill of lading, a common list of goods, export goods declaration, the resolution of the customs export cargo manifest, transfer manifesto, a declaration for export cargo, import cargo declaration, declaration of imports of goods, Customs import permission.
The introduction of e-freight program should improve the efficiency and quality control. Access to electronic information on cargo arriving helps to find risks to focus efforts and make decisions before the physical arrival of the goods at the airport. Electronic data will facilitate profiling / segmentation and analysis of trends in the movement of import / export of goods. In addition, the simplified control of the payment of fees and taxes, increase the responsibility of the primary source for the accuracy of the data and reduce the risk of errors associated with re-entering data. Availability of electronic information will allow to control the movement of cargo in real time.
The site is published by IATA table showing the process of introducing e-freight technology by individual countries and administrative areas. Almost all the items marked in red Russia, means that this requirement is not met. Only, perhaps,
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a positive point - Russia is signing an agreement of intent with the World Customs Organization (WCO) within the framework of Columbus. But have not ratified the Montreal Convention or MC99 (which is preferred) or at least Montreal Protocol MP4.
For the successful implementation of e-freight requires concerted actions of the executive branch (Min¬trans, FCS, FTS), airlines and airports. It is necessary to draw a conclusion about the possibility of a limited implementation of e-freight to Russia's ratification of the Montreal Convention MC99 and develop the use of technology industry e-freight. First of all you want to implement electronic technology for transit and transfer cargo that will allow hub operation, and then go to the inbound and outbound cargo.
The challenge for the implementation of e-freight is so big, it can serve as a basis for creating an industry alliance in the field of air cargo transportation that would allow shippers and airlines to work together to promote the interests of the freight industry. Currently, the introduction of e-freight standards in test mode at three airports in Russia
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