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10.06.2015АнтиплагиатУважаемый пользователь!Обращаем ваше внимание, что система Антиплагиат отвечает на вопрос, является ли тот или инойфрагмент текста заимствованным или нет. Ответ на вопрос, является ли заимствованный фрагмент именноплагиатом, а не законной цитатой, система оставляет на ваше усмотрение. Также важно отметить, чтосистема находит источник заимствования, но не определяет, является ли он первоисточником.Информация о документе:Имя исходного файла:Имя компании:Комментарий:Тип документа:Имя документа:Текстовыестатистики:Индекс читаемости:Неизвестные слова:Макс. длина слова:Большие слова:Диплом Хартович.docxДальневосточный гос. Университет путей сообщенияХартович АлександраПРочееСовершенствование грузовых перевозок на основе интермодальных имультимодальных перевозоксложныйв пределах нормыв пределах нормыв пределах нормыКоллекция/модуль поискаДоля Доляввотчёте текстеИсточникСсылка на источник[1] Организация грузовых...http://bibliofond.ru/view.aspx?id=662143Интернет(Антиплагиат)6,01% 6,01%[2] Современные формы и ...http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovremennye­formy­i­metody­...Интернет(Антиплагиат)4,75% 4,75%[3] Скачать/bestref­2051...http://www.bestreferat.ru/archives/08/bestref­205108.zipИнтернет(Антиплагиат)4,11% 4,11%[4] E­freight в грузовых...http://www.ato.ru/content/e­freight­v­gruzovykh­aviaperevozk...Интернет(Антиплагиат)3,64% 3,64%[5] «Использование инфор...http://sd4.uchebalegko.ru/docs/94300/index­1013.htmlИнтернет(Антиплагиат)0,04% 3,47%[6] rsl01004157922.txthttp://dlib.rsl.ru/rsl01004000000/rsl01004157000/rsl01004157...РГБ, диссертации 0%3,22%[7] Анализ и совершенств...http://knowledge.allbest.ru/management/2c0b65625b2bc78b5d43b...Интернет(Антиплагиат)0%3,12%[8] Исследование эффекти...http://revolution.allbest.ru/transport/00231132_1.htmlИнтернет(Антиплагиат)2,16% 3,03%[9] Пожарная безопасност...http://lib.znate.ru/docs/index­176642.htmlИнтернет(Антиплагиат)2,99% 2,99%[10] rsl01000324336.txthttp://dlib.rsl.ru/rsl01000000000/rsl01000324000/rsl01000324...РГБ, диссертации 2,85% 2,85%[11] Повышение эффективно...

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Университет 0%путей сообщения0%[61] Калашникова, Кубичек...Дальневосточныйгос. Университет 0%путей сообщения0%[62] БалалаевГарлицкий_УП...Дальневосточныйгос. Университет 0%путей сообщения0%[63] Балалаев Гарлицкий_У...Дальневосточныйгос. Университет 0%путей сообщения0%0,42%0,27% 0,37%0,01% 0,2%0,16%Частично оригинальные блоки: 0% Оригинальные блоки: 64,46% Заимствование из "белых" источников: 0% Итоговая оценка оригинальности: 64,46% http://dvgups.antiplagiat.ru/ReportPage.aspx?docId=427.12740174&repNumb=1&type=4&page=22/610.06.2015Антиплагиатосвещения подключены к сети, не связанной с рабочим освещением.Устройства электрического освещения всех видов удовлетворяют требованиям ПУЭ и требованиям безопасности согласно ГОСТ12.2.007,0–75 «Изделия электротехнические. Общие требования безопасности».Места соединения и ответвления жил проводов и кабелей, а также соответствующие зажимы имеют изоляцию, равноценнуюизоляции жил целых мест этих проводов и кабелей. Соединения и ответвления проводов и кабелей выполнены с помощьюсоединительных и ответвительных коробок из несгораемого материала. Металлические коробки имеют внутри надежнуюизолирующую прокладку.4.7 [9]Расчет искусственного освещенияДля оценки соответствия искусственного освещения грузового склада ОАО «Хабаровский Аэропорт» проведем расчет потребного количествасветильников.Метод расчета – по коэффициенту использования светового потока, которым определяется поток, необходимый для созданиязаданной освещенности горизонтальной поверхности при общем равномерном освещении с учетом света, отраженного стенамии потолком.[28]Исходные данные для расчета: помещение – Грузовой склад ОАО «Хабаровский Аэропорт»; размеры помещения, м – 60,3х62,05; разрядзрительной работы – VI­1; высота подвеса светильников над рабочей поверхностью, м – 9; мощность ламп, Вт – 300; тип светильника – ШМ;источник света – лампа накаливания Г; световой поток лампы, Лм – 4950; коэффициент отражения стен и потолка – 0,5; 0,5; коэффициентзапаса – 1,5; поправочный коэффициент – 1,1; коэффициент затенения – 0,85;количество ламп в светильнике – 1; отношение α ­ 1,4; нормативная освещенность – 100 Лк.[28]Расчет выполняется по формуле:(4.1)где – световой поток лампы, лм; –нормативная освещенность, лк, – коэффициент запаса, учитывающий запыление светильников и износ источников света впроцессе эксплуатации; – площадь помещения, м; – поправочный коэффициент, учитывающий [28]неравномерность [37]освещения, – количествосветильников; – количество ламп в светильнике; – [28]коэффициент затенения [37]рабочего места работающим, ­коэффициент использования светового потока.Коэффициент использования светового потока определяется в зависимости от типа светильника, коэффициентов отражениястен и потолка помещения и индекса помещения, [28] рассчитываемого по формуле:(4.2)где А и В – длина и ширина [37]помещения, м; h – высота подвеса светильника над рабочей поверхностью, м.мКоэффициент использования светового потока [28]для рассчитанного значения принимается равным 0,37.Для определения необходимого количества светильников формула (4.1) примет вид:(4.3)Ориентировочно устанавливается количество светильников в соответствии с рекомендуемыми расстояниямимежду светильниками и строительными конструкциями. Светильники размещаются вдоль длинной стороны помещения.Расстояние между рядами светильников L определяется из соотношения:(4.5)мРасстояние между стенами и крайними рядами светильников ориентировочно принимается равным 4 м.[28]Количество установленных светильников в помещении грузового скалада ОАО «Хабаровский Аэропорт» соответствует их расчетному потребномуколичеству.ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ АTheoretical Foundations of intermodal freight transport1 The essence of the concept of multimodal transportMultimodal Freight called domestic and international transportation of cargo in intermodal traffic, when the goods are transported to destination by twoor more modes of transport on the basis of a single multimodal transport contract.When using multimodal transport combined delivery schemes implemented using various combinations of modes of transport: rail, sea, road, air.Multimodal transport can be used for several purposes: to reduce the cost of transportation, reduce the time of delivery or in cases where the transfer ofgoods by one mode of transport, in principle, impossible.The development of multimodal transport, determine their efficiency, time gain and specificity of the transport infrastructure of each country. Whenusing this mode of transport, with the ability to use the advantages of each mode of transport, it is possible to develop the optimal route of cargo inaccordance​ with their specifics.The most common in the world of multimodal transport schemes are shown inThe main advantages of multimodal transport are:the ability to deliver door to door (door­to­door). Most often, such a delivery at the domestic and international transport of goods over long distances, isimpossible without the use of multimodal transport. This is due primarily to the fact that such transport is mainly carried by rail, sea or air, thus todeliver cargo directly to the recipient need to use road transport to the airport, seaport and railway station.for carriage can accept any type of container depending on the size, as well as chemical and technical characteristics of the goods. Container transport isoptimal for multimodal sсhemes using a large number of transfer operations. Containers can be fully completed at the customer and unpacked recipientthus ensures maximum safety of the cargo.for multimodal transport are taken into account peculiarities of the transport infrastructure of each region on the whole route. Thus in each region canuse the most rapid, reliable and economical mode of transport that will reduce the cost and duration of transport.if​ necessary to redirect loads during transportation and to adjust the route in accordance with the call forwarding. This service is convenient for longroutes, if the recipient has changed his location.2 Transport expedition. Multimodal transportation operatorExpedition is an institution or department to send, mailing something, such as cargo. Forwarding services (FS) assumes a common responsibility for thetimely delivery and safety of goods from the sender to the recipient with a set of specific services exempt cargo from non­core sales and distributionhttp://dvgups.antiplagiat.ru/ReportPage.aspx?docId=427.12740174&repNumb=1&type=4&page=23/610.06.2015Антиплагиатfunctions associated with the sale of products using advanced logistics technology. Transport expedition stands out from the sphere of production, trade and transport and functions as an independent legal entity (company) and takesover the functions immediately preceding the transportation and (or) following it. Advantages of the transport process, organized by a forwarding agent (operator), are as follows: the customer is all financial calculations and solve legalissues only with the forwarder (the operator), but not with all those involved; the client is suing for the loss​ only to him, no matter where and who fails(loss); a document issued by a freight forwarder (the operator), accepted by banks as a commodity and administrative that allows the customer toreceive money for the goods, without waiting for delivery to the recipient; In this case, the recipient may dispose of goods in the process of delivery (forexample, to divert it); forwarder (operator) provides timely information to cargo of the motion of the cargo; arranges transportation, taking care to avoidloss of material and time, using modern technology, including logistics The term "freight forwarder" means a multimodal transport operator or contracting carrier, which issues a bill of lading, and accepts responsibility forthe execution of the transport contract as carrier. Specific forwarding services include the following:finally, the carrier or its agent contractfor transportation;registration of documents on transportation;coordination of transport by various modes of transport and the choice of cheaper transportation options;choice of optimal route;organization and maintenance of modular shipments;coordination​ of the transportation and related industries of material production;cargo handling when sending and receiving (packaging, bagging, labeling, kitting, sorting, labeling and replacing others.), Including certain types ofcargo;development of logistic system of cargo transportation;choice of the optimal vehicle for a specific load and the conditions of its carriage;control over the passage of goods flows;preparation of vehicles and containers for the transport of specific goods;ensuring maximum load rating and cargo vehicles;provision of container cargo traffic in the optimal mode;improvement in the use of vehicles and container fleet;elimination of loss­making transport and finding return loads;shipment of any consignment in the shortest time;organization of support of cargoes;accumulation and warehousing optimal sending Party;transmission and reception of the carrier by a load test with the quality and quantity;organization of transfer operations;registration of acts when the loss or damage or inadequate quality;settlement of the transportation;acceleration of trafficking in motor vehicles,​ especially in multi­modal transport;tailwind loading of the rolling stock;leasing and rental of vehicles;notification of shipment and delivery of cargo.The freight forwarder shall:carry out the delivery of goods with a guarantee of safety to the conditions and terms stipulated by the contract with the cargo;coordinate the interaction of all participants in the process of delivery;monitor the progress, timing and conditions of transhipment and storage operations;hire (charter) vehicles of any kind of transport. Forwarder, in particular, draws shipping documents at all stages of the movement of goods, customs declaration and insurance documents; performssearch of goods, sale of unclaimed goods, does business on the claims. The duty of the freight forwarder may also include the operation of marketresearch, consultations on the container and packaging, legal and financial issues. Forwarding companies are also involved in the transport of household goods and passengers on the main modes of transport, such as the transport ofhousehold goods packaging at home, home delivery of baggage,​ tickets for trains and planes, furniture from stores, provision of cars, trucks, taxis, etc.Thus, freight forwarding covers a range of complex operations that go beyond the duties of the carrier, whose main function ­ the implementation of thetransportation of goods or passengers. Occupation forwarder acquired importance in the development of foreign trade relations and international transport. It should be noted that the freightforwarder has the right to operate on the basis of specific national legislation. Forwarder becomes a member of chambers of commerce, associations andother organizations. He needs to quickly navigate the different customs regulations, to know the situation on the market at a particular time, the laws ofa State in the field of transport, etc. Gradually I began forwarding companies specialized on maternity goods.Forwarder, participating in the creation of the logistics system, especially if it has warehouses and container terminals, receives regular customers andthe preemptive right to delivery of goods.Directions of development of transport­forwarding activity can be considered an extension of services​ and responsibility for their implementation,training, closer cooperation and interaction modes of transport and customers, and others. The importance of creating a unified assign informationsystems and centers for individual regions across the country, or several countries, which enables on­line for the collection and processing of data on alltraffic flow and redistribute them in a direction to return loading of vehicles, transfer of them for specific traffic flows, etc. The carrier or freight forwarder responsible for the whole process of transport in multimodal called universal operator.As a rule, the participation of two or more modes of transport coordinates and controls the operator, which make up between the operator and the cargoagreement with registration of accompanying documents, which followed with a cargo during the process of delivery. The operator acts as arepresentative of the shipper and the legal entity responsible for the whole process of dealing with the movement of cargo and quotation through tariffrate. On the basis of the customer's order and on behalf of and for the account operator arranges transportation, cargo handling, and​ controls the wholeprocess.Delivery of the cargo carried by the operator at the expense of companies or subcontract with specialized enterprises of any type of transport (eitherthrough operators ­ owners of container terminals or port forwarders involved customs clearance and registration of accompanying documents), as wellas companies that have their own warehouses. Working with customer orders the operator starts with the selection of the route, means of transport and transport technologies. Then begins the workon the agreements with individual performers on various issues, one of the main question regarding the base rate tariff. In these situations need to bemonitored to compare the market rates and the individual capabilities of various subcontractors. After selecting the option of delivery to the clientoperator informs the main characteristics of the transport system. Since the operator can carry all the risks of damage during transport, then it isincumbent not only testing, but also the documentary fixing any risks.The operator draws up after consultation with the sender shipping documents at all stages of the process of moving cargo along the​ route, as well ascustoms declarations, insurance documents, commercial and other acts at damage, shortage of goods or vehicles, violation of seals and otherdocuments. He also calculated the freight and fees. The operator informs the cargo on the movement of goods and does business on the claims. Responsibilities of the operator require him knowledge of laws and legal documents, international agreements and conventions on transportoptimization methods for the efficiency of the transport process, principles of tariff exemptions, discounts on various modes of transport, the foundationsgruzovedeniya, environmental standards and safety, and other information .3 Features of multimodal transport in&#​1 60;Russiahttp://dvgups.antiplagiat.ru/ReportPage.aspx?docId=427.12740174&repNumb=1&type=4&page=24/610.06.2015Антиплагиат In spite of the considerable backlog of most European countries in the field of multimodal transport, Russia is now closely approached the creation ofmultimodal systems. The level of development in the Russian system of multimodal transport cargo passing through its territory and the trans­Europeantransport corridor is crucially dependent increase in foreign trade and domestic turnover, growth of export­import​ cargo, increasing the competitivenessof the federal and regional transportation systems, the entry of the transport complex of Russia in the World the transport system as an equal partner.The development of multimodal transport on international transport corridors requires coordination of various modes of transport and integrate theminto a unified organizational system functioning on the basis of formation through the logistics of transport and technological systems. The transportprocess is by its very nature is an ongoing objective. Accordingly, the main task of coordination and interaction modes of transport is to ensure thecontinuity of the transport and distribution process, from loading of the rolling stock shippers, the transportation of goods on the access roads to therailway station, the port, the transport node performance of the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transport trunk and ending with the deliveryof rolling stock with a cargo to transport hubs for access roads to the consignee's warehouse in compliance with the terms of delivery and safety. Now in Russia there is no single​ body responsible for the regulation of the multimodal transport of goods, including foreign trade. Traffic control isdivided into two parts: the railway ­ from station to station, the water ­ from port to port, the car ­ from the sender to the station and the port, and fromthe station and the port to the recipient (including direct transport from the sender to the recipient). The lack of coordination in the activities oftransport agencies slows down cargo delivery, misallocation of labor, spoilage and loss of cargo. Unregulated, spontaneous approach of vehicles, theirabove­standard prolonged downtime crossings aggravate the situation and often leads to malfunction of major components and directions of thetransport network. In a market economy it is necessary to use powerful levers of state regulation of multimodal transport, including: control over pricing, relatedprimarily to the protection of consumer interests and rights, prevention of super­profits by limiting competition, creation of conditions for rational use oftransportation facilities, ensuring priority national interests, a balanced mix of government control at a constant state​ support projects and programs forthe development of transport. One of the important tasks of state regulation is the development and harmonization of national tariff corridors, acting onthe main directions of international freight traffic, creating a favorable competitive environment.To arrange a perfect order registration of the transportation, customs and certification documents, document management systems, both on paper andin electronic format, must be based on the following principles: a single system to be applied coding requisite staff draws up documentation; Exceptduplication requisite staff when entering information; the number of documents executed should be minimal; registration of transport 'customs,certification and other documents must be made in advance or in parallel production of trucks and technical operations with transport (ships, cars, cars,etc..) and loading units to eliminate unproductive downtime of vehicles and cargo­handling equipment; transmission of documents should not delay themovement of vehicles, as well as the passage of goods through the transport hub; ensuring the confidentiality of business information and protect itfrom unauthorized​ access. Currently, there is no single international instrument governing the contractual relations between the consignor and the organizer of cargotransportation in the international mixed message. These relations are governed by the various Conventions or the Convention on Multimodal Transport.However, the latter has not yet entered into force. In this connection, it requires different modes of liability of carriers of various modes of transportinvolved in multimodal transport. FIATA ICC YUNKAD, BIMCO agreed document reflects the basic rules and regulations of international conventions andnational regulations in many countries.4 Information provision of multimodal transportInformation is essential for the proper handling of goods and monitoring performance. That information can be used to produce any findings, it should beobtained on the basis of the analysis produced and presented in an easy to understand form. This information can be found in the reports coming fromthe company's management information system, in a form that was previously developed by the company's management. Thus, based on reports, you​can make certain conclusions and then make the right decisions. Therefore, it is imperative that the reports were easy to work with. Managementcompanies need quality information from the information system.The pace of development and expansion of information is currently very high. A characteristic feature of most processes, including transport, is aconstant expansion and creation of new information communications that improve and acquire new functions through the use of modern technology.The effectiveness of the system depends on the efficiency of technological, organizational and other processes. Therefore, the most important is toensure continuity of control processes at the nodal points where the passage of goods is carried out between the networks of different transport agents,and thus where the passage of information is carried out between different networks. This applies, for example, transfer points (ports, railway stations,airport terminals, etc.), as well as the organization of uninterrupted intermodal (rail / river transport, rail / road).Traditionally, the effectiveness of information security processes in the drug was associated with the use of information​ retrieval systems (IPS).However, the practice of the operation of such systems showed their lack of effectiveness. This is due to the fact that the functions of the IRS arelimited, as the name implies, the search for information, while the essence of the activity in the market environment of choice and decision­making,taking into account the interests of all participants in the delivery. In fact, the IRS does not inform the consumer about the subject of the request, inthe sense that somehow alters his knowledge on the subject. She informs him only the presence (or absence) of documents related to his request, andon where these documents can be found.Modern information technologies, such as decision support systems, expert systems, and others, provide an opportunity for effective analysis of thefeasibility of projects, process modeling, preparation and presentation of the results for subsequent decision­making. The use of modern informationtechnology can improve the efficiency of delivery by allowing rapid access to information on the subjects (the buyer, the carrier terminal) and objects(goods, services) delivery.Currently, the organization of multimodal transportation,​ the following information systems:System Gonrand. One of the tasks of information system Gon­rand is to collect information on the availability of cargo. Carrier gives the application offree freight opportunities and transportation. Information entered into the database. Information on cargo flows in continuously. The system allows youto group goods by sender, recipient, number of seats and provides information on the administration, the consignee name, car number, customer,department code and the amount of items by department.The system is designed to Videotrans information service enterprises of transport that can receive help and enter the information about the presence intheir disposal of vehicles or goods for delivery.System CTC provides for information about the presence of forwarders goods, types of vehicles, the most efficient traffic routes, addresses transportcompanies, available­free rolling stock, etc. For carriers the system provides the following information: the ability to load cargo, address, place and timeof loading with a load time of arrival, destination address, etc.BRS system operates similarly to the system of CTC. The shipper​ is not in contact with the carrier, and with the information system. The companyguarantees payment to carriers performing the service if the customer did not make timely payments, which increases the attractiveness of the service,thus expanding the market reach of consumers.The system informs the user Espace Cat parameters of transported goods and their position in the vehicle body, presenting the data in the form ofthree­dimensional graphs. The system calculates the optimal parameters of the package. With a modular structure, it is quite easy to adapt to userrequirements.System GPS ­ automated global satellite system for determining latitude and longitude location of the vehicle (ship, aircraft, trucks, etc.). The system isconnected to the satellites. Each satellite continuously broadcasts time signals and the coordinates of its location. The vehicle must be equipped withspecial receiving apparatus that receives signals from three satellites simultaneously, processes them, and outputs the coordinates of the location on thedisplay (error result is less than 3­15 м).5 The electronic document management system in air transportThe transition to electronic​ document management technologies should transform the global air cargo industry, however, it requires considerable effortto implement. Russian airlines, shippers and governments need to be active, to keep up with global trends.Freight air transport play a significant role in global business. According to IATA, despite the fact that the share of air freight accounts for only 2%, andalmost all the rest of the cargo is transported by sea, the share of the cost of air freight for international transportation is 35%.E­Freight ­ international standard for paperless registration and maintenance of air cargo services recommended by the International Air TransportAssociation (IATA) for use in countries where the development of air cargo.http://dvgups.antiplagiat.ru/ReportPage.aspx?docId=427.12740174&repNumb=1&type=4&page=25/610.06.2015АнтиплагиатThe introduction of e­Freight is carried out in the framework of the International Industrial Program IATA to simplify business (Simplifying the Businessof Air Cargo).The essence of e­Freight is to avoid the use of paper documents and their replacement by appropriate electronic documents and messages in theinteraction during the preparation, design and execution of freight transport by air:interaction with the other participants​ with the state authorities;the interaction between the public authorities themselves;the interaction between the participants in a carriage.And as a consequence, to the effective application of e­Freight pilot project covers the interaction after the carriage in which the required documents and/ or special­mark on them as evidence of the implementation of the pervozki. The transition to electronic document management in the cargo air transport (e­freight) industry promises great benefits. Unlike passenger traffic,which, in principle, possible to manage one electronic ticket (but still it turns out that this is not enough, and now promotes the IATA standardmultifunctional electronic instrument ­ EMD), freight transportation is associated with considerable more complex document. But the result is going tobe essential: it is possible to get rid of about 20 paper documents, and in general, according to IATA, the transition to electronic format will allow theindustry to save up to $ 4.9 billion. Annually.The legislation of most countries recognizes the electronic documentation. The number of exceptions,​ in particular, include Thailand, Indonesia, Russiaand Vietnam, which should quickly take action or risk being out of this important business.The transition to electronic technologies should reduce costs and shorten the time of transportation, thus there will be an increase of punctuality, servicequality and customer awareness. Service quality increase, in particular, by reducing the number of errors. For Russian carriers transition to e­freight willincrease competitiveness in overseas markets, including by accelerating the transit and transfer to Russia.The development of electronic technology entails the modernization of production processes clearance throughout the supply chain transportation. Theprogram of e­freight involved airline cargo agency, ground handling companies and customs authorities. The purpose of the program initiated by IATA ­reduce the cost of paper work by 80%. In the context of Russian reality can make electronic documents 16, which accounted for 62% of the totalmarket. These include: invoice, packing list, certificate of origin, a letter of instructions, dangerous goods declaration, the main air waybill, the total bill oflading, a common​ list of goods, export goods declaration, the resolution of the customs export cargo manifest, transfer manifesto, a declaration forexport cargo, import cargo declaration, declaration of imports of goods, Customs import permission.The introduction of e­freight program should improve the efficiency and quality control. Access to electronic information on cargo arriving helps to findrisks to focus efforts and make decisions before the physical arrival of the goods at the airport. Electronic data will facilitate profiling / segmentation andanalysis of trends in the movement of import / export of goods. In addition, the simplified control of the payment of fees and taxes, increase theresponsibility of the primary source for the accuracy of the data and reduce the risk of errors associated with re­entering data. Availability of electronicinformation will allow to control the movement of cargo in real time.The site is published by IATA table showing the process of introducing e­freight technology by individual countries and administrative areas. Almost allthe items marked in red Russia, means that this requirement is not met. Only, perhaps, a positive point ­ Russia is signing​ an agreement of intent withthe World Customs Organization (WCO) within the framework of Columbus. But have not ratified the Montreal Convention or MC99 (which is preferred)or at least Montreal Protocol MP4.For the successful implementation of e­freight requires concerted actions of the executive branch (Min¬trans, FCS, FTS), airlines and airports. It isnecessary to draw a conclusion about the possibility of a limited implementation of e­freight to Russia's ratification of the Montreal Convention MC99 anddevelop the use of technology industry e­freight. First of all you want to implement electronic technology for transit and transfer cargo that will allowhub operation, and then go to the inbound and outbound cargo.The challenge for the implementation of e­freight is so big, it can serve as a basis for creating an industry alliance in the field of air cargo transportationthat would allow shippers and airlines to work together to promote the interests of the freight industry. Currently, the introduction of e­freight standardsin test mode at three airports in Russia​http://dvgups.antiplagiat.ru/ReportPage.aspx?docId=427.12740174&repNumb=1&type=4&page=26/6.

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