ВКР Емельянова 2017 (1218036), страница 15
Текст из файла (страница 15)
График производства работ в «окно» по замене стрелочного перевода на старогодных матераилах на уч. "Клепиково-Первопроходцы".
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ В
ОПТИМИЗИРОВАННЫЙ СЕТЕВОЙ ГРАФИК
Сетевой график процесса капитального ремонта стрелочного перевода на участке «Нора-Меун» после оптимизации
99
99
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ Г
ОПТИМИЗИРОВАННЫЙ СЕТЕВОЙ ГРАФИК
Сетевой график процесса капитального ремонта стрелочного перевода на участке «Нора-Меун» после оптимизации
100
100
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ Д
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION
OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK
Economic Evaluation and Optimization of Track Repair Process Efficiency
in the Far East Track Repair Directorate
Студент гр.345 А.А. Емельянова
Консультант кафедры
"Иностранные языки и
межкультурная коммуникация"
(доцент) Л.Ф. Маринич
ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ Д
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION
OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK
INTRODUCTION
The graduate qualification work goal is to research ways and methods to improve the efficiency of the railway track repair process. The following tasks were set for its implementation:
1. To describe the current state and further development of track repair complex of Joint Stock Company "RZD";
2. To research planning methods and "Lean Production" tools in the given track repair complex;
3. To study organizational and managerial structure and technological processes of the Far East Track Repair Directorate (FETRD);
4.To carry out economic estimation of the cost price of the track repair and the FETRD expenses;
5. To analyse and evaluate economic efficiency of the FETRD industrial and economic activities;
6. To prove economic feasibility of the projects offered.
The research object is the Far East Track Repair Directorate - a branch of Russian Railways. The subject of the research is methods of improving the economic repair efficiency.
The graduate qualification work is based on theoretical publications of Russian and foreign authors, scientific articles from railway editions, the results of practical research in the field of track repair held by Joint Stock Company "RZD" and its branches.
ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ Д
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION
OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK
Chapter 1 - The Current State and Further Development
of Track Repair Complex of JSC "RZD"
1.1. The track facilities of JSC Russian Railways is a multifunctional infrastructure complex. The main goal of its activity is to ensure uninterrupted and safe trains running. To achieve this goal means to guarantee financial and economic sustainability and efficiency of the company work.
The Central Track Repair Directorate (CTRD) is one of the structural JSC "RZD" elements. The CTRD represents the first highest management level for units carrying out all types of repair and reconstruction of the railway track, its roadbed and structures. It provides for the quality of the repairs to meet the requirements for the safety of trains running, the environmental safety requirements. The CTRD analyses the production activity of structural units, develops measures to improve the quality of repairs and reconstruction.
The second level - regional Track Repair Directorates (RTRD), for example the Far Eastern Track Repair Directorate (FETRD). The FETRD functions are: to plan, manage, control implementation of the planned repair operations within the affiliate of the railway in question.
The Track machine stations (TMS) perform all types of complete overhauling and average repairs, reconstruction and modernization of the railway track, its roadbed and structures. They include stationary and mobile units, warehouses of ready-made rail grid links, rails, sleepers, fasteners, and rail grid link assemblies. They assemble and disassemble links of rail grid.
ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ Д
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION
OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK
JSC Russian Railways development strategy up to 2030 consists of business blocs. Each business bloc covers one sphere of the company activity. The track complex is a part of the "Infrastructure" business bloc. The latter carries out its activites in the sphere of natural monopoly with state regulation of tariffs, rules for provision of services and access to services.
The key problems of the infrastructure complex are the discrepancy between the volume of track capacity and the demand for it, existence of 10.2 thousand "bottlenecks", lack of opportunities for reliability, speed and accuracy of transportation to grow.
An important element in this area is to smooth seasonal peaks during railway works and use a year-round technology of track repair and reconstruction. At present, infrastructure repair is to be done on railway stretches closed for traffic. RZD implements a program aimed at updating and expanding modern track equipment fleet to increase labor productivity and reduce the demand for "track occupation". As part of the implementation of the Strategy (2030), The CTRD and its regional branches actively interact with the federal executive bodies, other RZD subdivisions and design organizations etc.
The system of track facilities has adopted a classification of railway lines in accordance with traffic speed and density of freight traffic. This classification is of great economic importance, since it enables to differentiate standards for labor inputs, for laying new and used materials. Labor standards reflect the principles of track maintenance, volume of work, complexity of labor and workers' skill level.
The Regional TRDs together with CTRD coordinate the scope of planned repair operations, namely, reconstruction and complete overhauling on the 1st and 2nd class tracks employing new materials, and the 3d and 4th class tracks on used materials.
ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ Д
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION
OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK
The Far Eastern TRD, an affiliate of CTRD, is responsible for keeping the infrastructure complex in working condition, monitoring the railway track, introducing new technologies for its repairing. The quality of repair, reconstruction and modernization of the track affects the operational performance of railway traffic and the transportation volume "RZD" fulfils.
At present, the state of the Far East railway complex is obsolete and requires replacement and renewal. This is a priority issue of the development Strategy(2030), however, poor technical equipment prevents the program realization.
1.2. The cost budget reflects amount of the money necessary for the Far East affiliate to perform the assigned volume of renovation work. First, the operating costs limit is determined. It includes traffic revenue, income from other activities, government investments, and other sources funds. Then , the amount of costs for each enterprise, directorate and the whole company is determined. To calculate costs for repair, reconstruction and modernization of tracks one should know volume, kinds and schedule of work in detail. JSC "RZD" uses 3 types of planning:
1. perspective - 5 -6 years term plan;
2. medium - 2-3 years term plan;
3. operational - 1 year term plan.
The main principles of planning are:
- optimality of planning decisions in accordance with the selected criteria;
- the balance and proportionality of indicators in the sectoral, territorial, resource, intersectoral and other planning;
- emphasis on priorities and leading spheres;
- continuity, that is, drawing up long-term plans based on the results of the current planning.
The planning system on Russian Railways is built on the principles of budgeting. ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ Д
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION
OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK
The main goal of budgeting in railway transport is to ensure corporate management of resources in real time.
Operational costs are divided into two groups:
1. economic aspect,
2. special-purpose aspect.
Economic aspect includes elements of costs (wages fund, social deductions, depreciation, material costs and others). The minimum payment for labour in the company is established by the minister of railway communications, with payment being subsequently indexed. Amounts of payments to railway workers are regulated by the code "Corporate labour payment system on RZD. Material costs covering materials, fuel and electricity payment funds are rated by the company rules. Grouping by elements allows to solve the following tasks:
1. to identify significant resources by sources of cost formation;
2. to analyze the efficiency of resource use;
3. to evaluate the feasibility of company activities.
Special-purpose aspect deals with items of costs. Nomenclature of expenses is classified by participation in the production process which falls into the main and general economic expenses, and by the way of forming the cost of production , the latter is direct and indirect expenses.
The amount of expenses varies throughout the year due to the seasonality of the track works. Cost planning is a time-consuming process that must take into account the factors of railway operation, depreciation of its infrastructure, its own funds, the development level of innovative technologies, climatic conditions and other factors.
ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ Д
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION
OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK
1.3. The former repair program has become more efficient for the entire infrastructure complex and is marked by a number of important features. First, the technology named " repair on track sections closed for traffic" has become a priority in 2016. Increasing the time of closing track sections and decreasing the number of site visits by work teams result in reduced cost of repairs. Savings per 1km of works accounts for 2 million rubles.
Second, introduction of a new type of repair "RIS", that is replacing old track sections for continuous welded rails and railway switches with metal parts to extend the track life cycle between the time of reconstruction and complete overhauling. The cost of "RIS" is 1.6 times less than complete overhauling cost if new materials are employed and 2.6 times less that of reconstruction cost.
Third, the "Lean Production" program is one of the examples of successful programs used by RZD. At present, 5000 projects under construction contribute to the growth of the economic company indicators. Special attention is paid to multiplicative projects aimed at releasing resources and improving the repair technology of the upper track structure.
Russian Railways has revised the standards for consumption of materials and labour costs norms for all types of repair work in 2016. The fourth, laying of heavy rails. This method increases the service life of the track and the gross tonnage volume. The costs for the schedule preventive repair of R65 and P75 rails is 13-24% lower than that of P50 rails. Expenses for the current maintenance are reduced by 1-1,5%.
The extension of the track service life is of great economic importance, because the material resources to repair the track are equal to 60-80% of their initial cost.
ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ Д
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION
OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK
The primary goal is to use resource-saving technologies. Their introduction is to significantly reduce costs by extending the service life of the main elements of the track structure. All the methods described are aimed at reducing operating costs for track repair and maintenance, ensuring safe and uninterrupted train operation, increasing the life cycle of the upper track structure and increasing the economic effect of Russian Railways activity.
ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ Д
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION
OF THE GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
