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To involve the rest of the audience (and avoid potentially extended dialogue with thequestioner) make sure the whole audience has heard and understood the question by outlining thearea of enquiry: “I’ve been asked to outline my thinking behind...”.Step four - RespondWhen you reply to a question, direct your answer to both the questionerand other members of the audience.
Try to keep your responses as focused as possible. This will helpkeep them brief and preserve space for other questions. To avoid going into too much detail, stopand check back with the questioner to see if you have answered his/ her query: “Does that explainwhy we chose to...?”.Allow follow-up questionsA particularly effective technique encourages your audience to ask questions after the eventhas finished through email discussion or telephone comments. This shows a particularly high level ofrespect for your audience’s ideas and implies that the topic still has much further scope for enquiry.Things to avoidWhen handling questions and answers, you will still need to be as polished and professionalas you have been for the main delivery of your presentation.
There are some common dangers thatare useful to avoid.1.Answering the question you wished you’d been askedA common trick played bypoliticians, this strategy ignores the precise nature of the question and uses a predetermined answerto the broad topic area. If handled ineptly, this technique is very obvious to the audience andfrustrating to the questioner.2.Making a second ‘mini’ presentationThis is the process whereby you make alengthy response, including all the information you’d left out in planning the main presentation.Remember, you left that information out for a reason! Your unplanned response will be unstructuredand rambling, so keep things focused and brief (check the time as you respond). You can always offerto forward lengthy detail after the event.3.Passing the blame“That wasn’t my idea, my supervisor did the preliminary work, I’vesimply attempted to...” Passing the blame to others comes across as weak and evasive.
If an ideafrom the audience is a good one, acknowledge its value. If it isn’t, make a polite rebuttal and moveon.784.Defensive answersOccasionally, questions can really put you on the spot, but it isimportant to remain calm and in control. An aggressive or defensive reply will be seen as weaknesson your part and will spoil the effect of an otherwise successful presentation.Handling difficult questionsIt is important not to start responding to a difficult question before you have thought aboutthe answer. Repeating the question and asking for clarification will help create some space for yourthoughts.
Sometimes you will need to think about a question for a moment before responding. Youmay be able to buy a little bit of thinking time to help focus your response. Useful strategies includesearching for an appropriate visual aid to help focus your response or simply pausing for a momentor two to think. For even more time, suggest that you’ll come back to the topic later (but don’t forgetto do this). Sometimes questions are too difficult to answer. Don’t worry about admitting that youdon’t know something or haven’t considered an alternative approach. An enthusiastic “That’s aninteresting idea, I’d not thought of that” is much more positive than a mumbled “I don’t know”.Remember that a presentation is a two-way process and it is important to show that you are learningfrom your audience as well.
Occasionally, questions will fall outside of the remit of your talk and itwould be too much of a diversion to tackle them in front of the whole audience. Respond positivelyto any such questions and suggest that they best be tackled by a quick chat after the event.Finally, you can come across a questioner who disagrees strongly with your argument.Although this can feel very awkward, remember that you are still responsible for the whole audienceand that you cannot allocate all of your question time to one individual (no matter how passionateher/his views).
If you feel that you have answered the initial question, announce that you will moveon and suggest that you might continue discussion after the presentation. If the questioner persists,use an assertiveness technique called ‘broken record’ to assert your position calmly: “I’m afraid Ineed to move on... I do need to move on... I would like to move on now”. Your final sanction is to takeanother question or even close the presentation.SummaryQuestion and answer sessions are important elements of any presentation.
Plan for thequestion session by determining when you will be inviting questions and specifying any themes thatyou would like questioners to pursue. Clearly announce the start of your question session and involveall audience members in the way that you repeat and respond to questions. Make sure you respondto the question being asked and have practiced methods for dealing with awkward questions. Avoidcommon pitfalls by responding to questions positively and enthusiastically whilst keeping youranswers brief and focused.
Above all, don’t be afraid to admit what you don’t know: it is better toadmit the limits of your knowledge than attempt an uninformed answer.(https://fluentrussia.ru/img/content/files/Samsung/6_1.pdf)3.Fill in the table below using some phrases that can be useful forperforming the following communicative functions while running a question &answer session at some international scholarly conference in academicenvironment successfully.
Work in pairs.79CommunicativefunctionsPhrases1. Asking thespeaker a question2. Paraphrasing thequestion3. Thanking theacademic audiencefor their questions4. Clarifying thequestions5. Dealing withdifficult questions4. Watch the video “Conference presentation – MA thesis excerpt presentedattheUniversityofAuckland”onYoutubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVO6qsXenf8 and note down the questionsyou would like to ask the speaker.5. Role-play the following situation in pairs.Speech roles: participants of some international scholarly conference in Paris.80Situation: A speaker is trying to answer some listener’s questions after hisacademic presentation delivery at one of the international scholarly conferences on FLT(Foreign Language Teaching).Choose one topic you both are good at.
Use the communicative scheme belowthat will help you role-play this situation.6.Give an academic presentation on your scholarly interests or researchresults again (after its improvement) meeting the international requirements forthe classic presentation structure and its visual elements.The rest of the audience are to listen to the speaker attentively, prepare andask their polite questions and also comment on his or her presentation after it hasbeen made. The speaker needs to be ready to give his or her answers.7.
Are you good at paraphrasing your questions to other students if they areunclear? Ask some questions after other students’ scholarly presentations and thentry to paraphrase them politely if they are not understood.818. After that try to answer the following questions:ØHave you found it easy or difficult to ask / answer questions during thisQ&A session?ØHave you managed to ask polite questions / answer listeners’ questions?ØHas your verbal and non-verbal communication behaviour beenacademically adequate?ØCould the previous assessment tasks really help you floor the questions?9.Try to evaluate other students’ verbal and non-verbal communicationHow?behaviour during this Q&A session answering the questions below:ØHas the speaker managed to encourage the academic audience to ask theirquestions?ØHas the academic audience managed to ask polite questions? Were theyrelevant to the academic presentation topic?ØHas the speaker’s body language let the academic audience know that heor she is open to their questions?ØHas the speaker managed to give trustworthy answers?ØIs it possible to consider this Q&A session to be academically successful?Write a list of recommendations that the conference participants need tomeet during their question & answer sessions in future.82МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТИМЕНИ М.В.
ЛОМОНОСОВАФакультет иностранных языков и регионоведенияНаправление подготовки: 45.04.02 «Лингвистика»Направленность (профиль) подготовки:«Теория обучения иностранным языкам и межкультурная коммуникация»Квалификация (степень) выпускника: магистрДемоверсия текущего контроля в рамках учебной дисциплины«ПРАКТИКА МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ УСТНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ ВНАУЧНО-ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЕ»по разделу«HOW TO MAKE A SUCCESSFUL SMALL TALK IN ACADEMICSETTINGS?»Москва2019831. Do you want to check your communication skills to participate in a smalltalk in academic settings effectively? If yes, do this test, please.•You want to start a conversation with a stranger at the internationalscholarly conference, as silence makes you both feel uncomfortable.
How would not youstart this conversation?A) I hope you don’t mind my asking, but haven’t we met somewhere before?B) Horrible day, isn’t it?C) Great conference, isn’t it?D) Sorry, but…?•Your colleague from China says that Hughes A. is going to attend theinternational scholarly conference where you are going to be as well. How would youreact in order to express surprise?A) You would smile and say that it comes as a total surprise.B) You would keep silent in order not to show your emotions.C) You would smile and raise your eyebrows in order to show astonishment.D) You would say that you know it. There is nothing new in it.•Your colleague from the USA asks about your opinion concerning theacademic presentation that has just been made.
You didn’t like it at all. How would youanswer in this situation?A) You will say that you have no desire to share your opinion with anybody.B) You will say that this report is not so informative as the previous one.C) You will say that you don’t like it at all in order not to lie.D) You will say that this report is quite interesting, informative and thoughtprovoking, even if you are of exactly different opinion.•Imagine that your interlocutor at the international scholarly conferenceinvited you for lunch next day.
What would you say in order to decline this invitationpolitely?A) Thank you, but…B) No, thank you!C) That’s very kind of you, but, unfortunately,…D) I don’t think I can.84•If you want to end mildly the conversation with a foreign interlocutor at theend of some international scholarly conference, what will you say?A) Well, I’m afraid I must go now.B) Sorry, I must be off now.C) It’s been very interesting talking to you, but I’m afraid I can’t stay any longerhere. I need to meet my colleague.D) Sorry, I have to go now.2. Read the following passage, which contains some information about howto keep a small talk successfully and what members of the academic communityneed to do in order to improve their communication skills necessary for effectiveinteraction with foreigners.
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