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In this economypeople do not have money because they do not need it. The market economy exists insocieties where people buy and sell goods. In the market economy, people need moneyso they can buy products.In the traditional economy, people rely on nature. They hunt and grow only thefood they need. On the one hand, this is an advantage. These people have no reason tofight because they do not own anything. This means they are peaceful On the otherhand, this is a disadvantage.
These people are poor. Furthermore, they cannot protectthemselves against natural disasters because they have no technology. This means theyoften die of hunger and disease.In the market economy, supply and demand control what sells. This is anadvantage because producers have to provide customers with the quality and prices theywant. However, producers' need an incentive and this is profit. Firstly, producers compete with each other in order to sell their product and make a profit. Secondly, producersuse technology in order to spend less on labour. This can be a disadvantage because ifpeople do not work, they do not have money to spend on goods. Consequently, theproducer cannot make a profit.In my opinion, the best system is the market economy.
Unfortunately, as theincentive is profit, governments set limits in order to control the economy. This means atrue market economy cannot exist.158Text 2Two different kinds of economies are the planned economy and the mixedeconomy. In the planned economy the government controls everything. It is the oppositeof the market economy. The mixed economy is a mixture of the planned and the marketeconomy. Both economies have advantages and disadvantages.In the planned economy the government controls supply and demand. Theadvantage is that the government provides people with what they actually need Theyalso set prices, which means the poor can afford what they need Consequently, thingsare shared more equally.
However, there are disadvantages to this system. In the marketeconomy when the price of a product rises, this means that demand has risen Producersthen increase supply. In contrast, in the planned economy the government cannot judgesupply because they control prices. This means they cannot meet demand. The result ofthis is shortages.In the mixed economy, the economy is divided between the private sector and thestate sector. The advantage here is the free market. It allows competition and supply anddemand are met better.
Nevertheless, the government still controls some importantcompanies so it provides for everybody. The disadvantage is that companies which arecontrolled by the government do not always run efficiently.In conclusion neither system is perfect. The planned economy cannot cope wellwith demand. The mixed economy has the same problem with demand in the statesector. Despite this, in my opinion the mixed economy is bet.ter because. It has abalance of a free and a controlled market.Text 3Market structure means the way companies compete in a market. In somestructures, companies have more control over price.
In others, consumers have morecontrol over price. In each structure, companies have different amounts of market share.One structure is perfect competition. This means many small companies supplythe same thing but none of them control price. In perfect competition, the followingthings are true. The companies have an equal share of the market. Their products are159perfect substitutes for each other. The companies and consumers have perfectinformation about the market.
New companies can enter the market without barriers.Each company has the same access to resources and technology. If these conditions arenot met, imperfect competition exists.Another structure is the monopoly. This means one company has the largestmarket share. A pure monopoly means only one company provides something. A naturalmonopoly means a company's production costs increase more slowly than increases insupply.
This is called an economy of scale Monopolies also occur because of takeoversand powerful companies buy smaller ones. Finally, there are legal monopolies which arecreated by law.Different market structures affect consumers differently. Perfect competitionprovides variety of choice, better quality and control over price Monopolies mean lesschoice. A company with a monopoly is a price maker because it has the power to set theprice for its product.To sum up, market structure is how companies compete with each other. Thiscompetition can affect consumers in both good and bad ways.Text 4The UK government spends about £500 billion each year. The chart shows whatall this money is spent on.
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