Диссертация (1168413), страница 32
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More than 60,000 units of fake perfume products werealso found.Judging by the fact that it was ready when it was imported, the perfume wasprobably made in Poland. The ministry said it had found evidence of sales of the fakegoods bearing trademarks of “famous domestic and foreign cosmetics companies” inmore than 30 of the country’s regions.The police have also seized 33 fake stamps that counterfeiters attested came from theEconomic Development and Trade Ministry, the Moscow city government’s educationdepartment, a Procter & Gamble representative, and from Russian, British, French,Belgian, German and Ukrainian transportation and trading companies, among others.Text 5For years travelers have faced a limit on the amount of foreign currency they cantake out of Russia, but a new law now gives travelers a fresh currency to reckon with:the ruble.Under the change, which came into effect already, rubles will now be countedamong the $10,000 that travelers are legally entitled to take out of the country.169More than $10,000 can be taken out if the traveler presents documentation fromcustoms officials that he declared the money upon entering the country – allowing himto leave the country with that sum on top of the $10,000, Federal Customs Servicespokeswoman said.The new law closes a loophole that allowed travelers to take unlimited rublesabroad and exchange them there.
However, it is difficult to exchange rubles in manycountries.As before, travelers are allowed to take up to $3,000 out of the country withoutdeclaring it, though under the new law, rubles now count toward that amount as well.Rubles are calculated using the Central Bank exchange rate on the day of departure.Rubles will also now be included in the amount of cash the traveler must declarewhen entering the country. A traveler can bring as much money into Russia as hewishes, but must declare any sum equal to $10,000 or more in any combination offoreign currencies, rubles, promissory notes and travelers checks.Incidentally, the Federal Customs Service said travelers could take out as muchmoney as they wanted out as it was in travelers checks. The law states that travelersmust declare travelers checks only if they total more than $10,000, not counting therubles or foreign currencies they are carrying.Deputy Head of the Federal Customs Service’s currency control department, toldreporters that the change was aimed at strengthening the ruble and its recognition as aconvertible currency.A CIS bank analyst at Standard & Poor’s, said, however, that the new regulationwould have no effect on the rubles convertibility.
“Convertibility depends onmacroeconomic stability, foreign trade, political and economic stability. It requires morethan just an administrative measure,” he said.A traveler who unwittingly showed up at customs with more than $10,000 wouldbe asked to leave the excess amount with customs. He will be issued the receipt andclaim money upon returning to Russia.If a traveler did not plan to return to Russia, a better option than cash would be tocarry credit or debit cards, which do not fall under the new law.170Text 6CUSTOMS CONVENTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSSince the beginning of the 20-th century, there has been a continuous effort tostandardize and harmonize customs formalities with the aim of simplifying andfacilitating international trade.In 1923 the League of Nations signed in Geneva the InternationalConvention relating to the Simplification of Customs Formalities. In 1947 the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade was signed.
In 1950 the Convention establishingCustoms Cooperation Council was signed. This Council is still the onlyintergovernmental organization competent on Customs matters. Numerous studiescarried out by the Council on the principal Customs procedures such as importation,exportation, duty-free admission, inward and outward processing, transit, warehousing,temporary admission etc., resulted in a series and recommendations designed to solvespecific Customs problems.In order to achieve its objectives, the WCO has adopted a number of customsinstruments, including but not limited to the following:1) The International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description andCoding System (HS Convention) was adopted in 1983 and came into force in 1988. TheHS multipurpose goods nomenclature is used as the basis for customs tariffs and for thecompilation of international trade statistics.
It comprises about 5000 commodity groups,each identified by a six digit code arranged in a legal and logical structure with welldefined rules to achieve uniform classification. The HS is also used for many otherpurposes involving trade policy, rules of origin, monitoring of controlled goods, internaltaxes, freight tariffs, transport statistics, quota controls, price monitoring, compilation ofnational accounts, and economic research and analysis.2) ATA Convention and the Convention on Temporary Admission (IstanbulConvention).Both the ATA Convention and the Istanbul Convention are WCOinstruments governing temporary admission of goods. The ATA system, which isintegral to both Conventions, allows the free movement of goods across frontiers and171their temporary admission into a customs territory with relief from duties and taxes.
Thegoods are covered by a single document known as the ATA carnet that is secured by aninternational guarantee system.3) The Arusha Declaration on Customs Integrity was adopted in 1993 and revisedin 2003. The Arusha Declaration is a non-binding instrument which provides a numberof basic principles to promote integrity and combat corruption within customsadministrations.4) The SAFE Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade wasadopted in 2003.
The SAFE Framework is a non-binding instrument that containssupply chain security and facilitation standards for goods being traded internationally,enables integrated supply chain management for all modes of transport, strengthensnetworking arrangements between customs administrations to improve their capabilityto detect high-risk consignments, promotes cooperation between customs and thebusiness community through the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) concept, andchampions the seamless movement of goods through secure international trade supplychains.Text 7CUSTOMS REGULATIONS ON VALUABLESUnder Russian law items older than fifty years are considered part of Russia’snational and cultural heritage.
But an object must be more than just old to be called anantique. Antiques of all kinds are highly valued for their beauty, craftsmanship, qualityof design and sometimes for their relation to a historical period or to some well-knownperson.Cultural valuables include: original hand-made pictures and drawings; sculptures,icons, engravings; handicrafts; ancient books and manuscripts; photo-, audio- andvideo- archives; unique and rare musical instruments, furniture, rugs; post stamps;various kinds of metal ware, orders, medals, coins; etc. Modern items and items of massproduction are not related to cultural valuables.172Export and import of cultural valuables are regulated and controlled by the statebodies.
Exported cultural valuables are subject to special registration in the orderestablished by the Federal Customs Service and the Culture Ministry which keep theState Protection Lists and Registers.There is a standard procedure for individuals who want to take cultural valuablesout of the country. The owner must apply to the Culture Ministry for permission andpresent the proof of ownership for the valuable item. It can be a receipt from the shop oran auction, an old photo, a will or some other document.
When they receive thenecessary documents, the Ministry issues a certificate confirming the right to exportcultural valuables. The certificate allows carrying cultural valuables across the customsand state border of the country.When passing through the customs control a person should declare the valuableitem both in his exit and entry declaration forms and it is obligatory to present it forinspection.
Undeclared items found during the search are detained and the person maybe accused of smuggling.Cultural valuables in search are subject to arrest for their following return to thelegal proprietors.The author has the right to take out of the Russian Federation any quantity ofcultural valuables created by him, no matter whether he is leaving the countrytemporarily or for permanent residence abroad.Illegal bringing in and taking out of cultural valuables is considered as smugglingand is to be punished in accordance with the Criminal Code or the legislation of the RFrelated to administrative violations. [37]Text 8THE TIR CONVENTIONInternational carriage of cargo by road vehicles involves crossing the borders ofone or more countries and passing through customs clearance and control.173To simplify the formalities and to minimize delays at the borders the TIRConvention was signed in 1975 and came into force in 1978.TIR is the abbreviation for Customs Convention on the InternationalTransportation of Goods.
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