Подчасов А.С., Николаева Н.Е. - Пособие по переводу английской экономической литературы (лексические трудности) (1121270), страница 5
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Two weeks ago, the chief executive of JPMorgan Chase declaredthat economic growth in 2013 would be so strong the Fed wouldhave to raise interest rates.5. As we have seen repeatedly, the really big crises come justseldom enough to be beyond the living memory of today’s bankexecutives, fund managers and traders.28. EXPOSUREEXPOSURE – n. подверженность внешнему воздействию, незащищенность, зависимостьBy focusing on currency trading rather than just lending,the Medici reduced their exposure to defaults by borrowers.
→ Начав специализироваться на валютныхоперациях, а не только на предоставлении кредитов, семья Медичи ослабила свою зависимость отнеуплаты долга заемщиками.1. In modern Europe, as in Renaissance Italy, equilibrium has beenstruck between political power and financial exposure. Today asmuch as ever, it seems it’s the bond market that really rules theworld.2. The rise of savings banks (which were often mandated to holdgovernment bonds as their principal assets) gave new segmentsof society indirect exposure to, and therefore stakes in, the bondmarket.3. Mortality among the miners was horrendous, not least becauseof constant exposure to the mercury fumes generated by theprocess of silver ore refinement.344. Many small investors relied on leverage to increase their stockmarket exposure, using brokers’ loans to buy stocks on margin, thuspaying only a fraction of the purchase price with their own money.5.
The main problem lay with CDOs, over half a trillion dollars ofwhich had been sold in 2006, of which around half containedsubprime exposure.6. In February 2007 two hedge funds owned by Bear Stearns wereasked to post additional collateral by Merrill Lynch, anotherinvestment bank that had lent them money but was nowconcerned about their excessive exposure to subprime-backedassets.29. FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORK – n. структура, строение, система;основа, основные положения, принципы; схема(деятельности); нормы, стандартыMoreover, the World Bank has recently adopted aframework for addressing corruption as a developmentissue.
→ Более того, недавно Мировой Банк принялположение о борьбе с коррупцией как основнойзадаче (экономического) развития.1. This report proposes a general economic framework to helpstakeholders in the public sector to develop effective adaptationstrategies.2. Owned mutually by their depositors, Britain’s building societieswere simultaneously protected and constrained by a frameworkof government regulation.3. While some governments, notably in Eastern Europe, quicklyfound their ways and developed the institutional and policy35frameworks needed for the operation of markets, others (mainlyformer Soviet republics) took much longer.4.
There is another big difference between nature and finance.Whereas evolution in biology takes place in the natural environment,where change is essentially random, evolution in financial servicesoccurs within a regulatory framework where - to borrow a phrasefrom anti-Darwinian creationists - ‘intelligent design’ plays a part.5. The framework has the following components: (1) preventingcorruption in Bank-financed projects; (2) helping countries intheir efforts to eliminate corruption; (3) taking corruption moreopenly into account in the formulation of country assistancestrategies; and (4) adding voice and support to the internationalefforts to reduce corruption.30.
GOVERNANCEGOVERNANCE – n. (у)правление, руководство;власть; методы руководстваCORPORATE GOVERNANCE – корпоративное управлениеCorruption also decomposes democracy, underminingthe most fundamental principles of democratic governance. → Кроме того, коррупция разрушает демократию, подрывая основополагающие принципыдемократического правления.1.
Interest in research on corruption and governance in internationalfinancial institutions was also stimulated by concern that publicspending and aid were not having the desired impact on povertyand social outcomes.2. Other players of the international arena also became interestedin more transparent and accountable governance and economicmanagement.363. Absence of the rule of law and accountability of governance ledto corruption and absolute robbery.4. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) states, “Many of thecauses of corruption are economic in nature, and so are itsconsequences—poor governance clearly is detrimental toeconomic activity and welfare.”5.
Our business is run on the principles of strong corporategovernance, a clear system of delegating accountability and a setof values and policies.6. The campaign for a reform of what would now be called the DutchEast-India Company’s corporate governance duly bore fruit.31. INDUSTRYINDUSTRY – n. отрасль промышленности; индустрия,промышленностьIn Detroit the rise of subprime mortgages had in factcoincided with a new slump in the declining automobileindustry that cost the city 20,000 jobs. → Увеличениесубстандартного ипотечного кредитования вДетройте фактически совпало с новым спадом насокращающихся автомобильных предприятияхгорода, что привело к потере 20 тысяч рабочих мест.1.
Lay’s plan was to revolutionize the global energy business. Foryears the industry had been dominated by huge utility companiesthat both physically provided the energy — pumped the gas andgenerated the electricity — and sold it on to consumers.2. Himself a long-time ally of the Texan energy industry, PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush supported legislation in 1992 that deregulatedthe industry and removed government price controls.373. What no one anticipated back in 1744 was that the carefulcalculations of two Scottish ministers would grow into today’shuge insurance industry.4. Nowhere were the effects of the Depression more painful than inDetroit. Soon, the automobile industry here employed only halfthe number of workers it had in 1929, and at half the wages.
By1932, the dispossessed of Detroit had had enough.5. In the 1970s, the Savings and Loan industry was hit first bydouble-digit inflation and then by higher interest rates.32. INVOLVEMENTINVOLVEMENT – n. участие, вовлеченностьDirect state involvement in marketing has seldombrought improvements and proved costly. → Прямоеучастие/вмешательство государства в торговлюредко приносило хорошие результаты и оказывалосьдорогостоящим.1. Each corporation determines its maximum financial involvementin a project by evaluating a project’s risk characteristics.2.
We found an inverse relationship between the two key variables –the lower the government involvement the greater the financialservice intensity, and vice versa.3. The following table outlines our country’s economic involvementin this region last year. One can see the decline in our economicinvolvement as the democratic movement grew inside the regionand campaigns for sanctions and divestment grew outside it.4. The objective of employee financial involvement schemes isto improve business performance and the rewards available toemployees.385.
While some combinations of financial participation and directinvolvement appeared advantageous in many circumstances, nosimple link could be established between any particular schemesand favorable economic outcomes.33. LAISSEZ-FAIRELAISSEZ-FAIRE – n. свободная конкуренция; невмешательство государства в экономику; либерализм,либеральная экономика, либеральный стиль руководства;LAISSEZ-FAIRE – a.
либеральныйLaissez-faire leaders don't interfere; they allow theteam to make many decisions. → Либеральные руководители не ограничивают инициативу подчиненных; они предоставляют возможность своей команде принимать многие решения.1. Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations (1776) described laissezfaire economics in terms of an “invisible hand” that wouldprovide for the maximum good for all, if businessmen were freeto pursue profitable opportunities as they saw them.2. The laissez-faire period ended by the beginning of the 20thcentury, when large monopolies were broken up and governmentregulation of business became the norm.3.
The laissez-faire leadership style is also known as the “hands-off”style.4. In the economic sphere, individualism or laissez-faire economicsholds each person responsible for his or her own economic fate.5. A fully free economy, true laissez-faire, never has existed, butgovernmental authority over economic activity has sharplyincreased since the eighteenth century.3934. MESSAGEMESSAGE – n. идея, взгляды, учение; послание; поручение, миссияThe Senator from Illinois claims his "message of change"is catching on with members of his party, plus Republicans and independents.
→ Сенатор из штата Иллинойс заявляет, что его «идея перемен» становитсяпопулярной среди членов его партии, а также средиреспубликанцев и независимых кандидатов.1. The president plans to take his economic recovery message to adifferent forum this week.2. When billionaire investor Warren Buffett says the President’seconomic message is undermining public confidence, it’s worthlistening.3. What kind of advertising message can local businesses use toattract the most customers for the least amount of outlay?4. They were drawn to his message because he taught that the poorand wealthy were equal, and that the wealthy should share theirmeans with those who did not have enough.5.
The message is clear and effective which is required in thesetimes where we should not discriminate against anyone butpromote national unity in the Kingdom.6. While addressed in the first place to the governments representedby the new ambassadors, his message was clearly targeted at theworld’s financial and political leaders. 4035. MOMENTOUSMOMENTOUS – a. важный, значительныйPresident Roosevelt faced a similarly momentous economic challenge and enacted the New Deal to create jobsfor many Americans. → Президент Рузвельт столкнулсяс не менее важной (значительной) экономическойпроблемой и провозгласил «Новый курс», чтобы создать рабочие места для многих американцев.1.
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