Подчасов А.С., Николаева Н.Е. - Пособие по переводу английской экономической литературы (лексические трудности) (1121270), страница 2
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Employees who are being permanently relocated are less likely toreceive such allowances, but may receive a base salary adjustment.6. «Structural adjustment» is the name given to a set of «freemarket» economic policy reforms imposed on developingcountries by the Bretton Woods institutions (the World Bank andInternational Monetary Fund) as a condition for receipt of loans.117. The introduction of the economic adjustment programme,which involves the downsizing and restructuring of the bankingsector, will have an effect on day-to-day business transactionsand could threaten the viability of many firms and further reduceconfidence.6. ADVOCATEADVOCATE – n.
сторонник; защитник; адвокатHe claims to be an advocate of economic freedom, adisciple of Adam Smith. → Он заявляет, что являетсясторонником экономической свободы, последователем Адама Смита.ADVOCATE - v. защищать, отстаивать, поддерживать (позицию, взгляды); советовать, рекомендоватьThe book advocated an active economic policy bygovernment to stimulate demand in times of highunemployment. → Данная книга отстаивала активную экономическую политику правительства постимулированию спроса в периоды высокого уровнябезработицы.1. Not surprisingly, given his background, Hirsch was also a strongadvocate of economic statistics.2. President Barack Obama said he and his Administration have pursued a “fundamentally business-friendly” agenda and are “fierceadvocates” for the free market, rejecting corporate criticism ofhis policies.3.
The global financial and economic crisis has made it harder forthe US to advocate its economic worldview.124. For this reason, the economic think tanks do not advocate additional economic stimulus programmes, particularly given thecurrently strained situation of public budgets.5. Adam Smith advocated maximum economic freedom in the microeconomic behavior of individuals and the firm, and minimalmacroeconomic intervention by the state.6. Alexander Hamilton, one of the nation’s Founding Fathers and itsfirst Secretary of the Treasury, advocated an economic development strategy in which the federal government would nurtureinfant industries by providing subsidies and imposing protectivetariffs on imports.7.
AMBITIOUSAMBITIOUS – a. перспективный, многообещающий;смелый; честолюбивый, амбициозныйFinancial analysts tend to agree that these objectives,while ambitious, are not unattainable. → Финансовыеаналитики склонны согласиться с тем, что эти целимасштабны (смелы, грандиозны), но все жедостижимы.1. It was supposed to be the most ambitious and lucrative project,ever conceived in Las Vegas.2. The President is putting the finishing touches on an ambitiousfirst budget that seeks to cut the federal deficit in half over thenext four years.3.
The Japanese government on Wednesday unveiled an ambitiouseconomic growth plan, pledging to create millions of new jobsand achieve average growth of 2 per cent over the next decade.4. Commission tables ambitious proposals to fight climate changeand promote renewable energy in line with EU commitments.135. On the one hand, more ambitious fiscal targets, even when theywere missed, led to better growth performance. On the otherhand, more ambitious monetary targets tended to be associatedwith lower growth performance.6.
China’s top leaders have asked policy think-tanks to draw uptheir most ambitious economic reform proposals in decades thatcould curb the power of state firms and give more freedom to thesetting of interest rates and the yuan currency.7. Without control over the cotton trade, the South’s cause wasdoomed, because cotton had become the essential ingredient inan ambitious scheme to bring the bond market into the war.8.
ARGUMENTARGUMENT – n. довод, аргумент, утверждение, аргументация; тема, основная идея; дискуссия, спорThis essay’s argument that economic growth increasesfaster in an autocracy than in a democracy is built upon three key aspects. → Основная идея (тезис) данного эссе о том, что экономический рост происходитбыстрее при автократическом, нежели чем при демократическом устройстве общества, основывается натрех ключевых положениях.1.
The argument is that the benefits of the higher output todayexceed the costs of debt service tomorrow.2. These became popular arguments, particularly in the 1990s,when anti-globalization protests became regular features ofinternational gatherings.3.
Convinced by Pinera’s argument, 80% of workers in Chile madethe switch to a private pension plan.144. In the long-standing argument I have had with my wife aboutthe wisdom of a large-scale leveraged play on the UK propertymarket, she emerges as the winner.5. The soundest argument for protection is known as the infantindustry argument, which means simply that a society is justifiedin burdening itself to protect new industries temporarily againstthe competition of similar foreign industries, already full-grownand strong.6.
One counter-argument to this theory is that by protecting infantindustries, countries are not allocating resources in the short-runon the basis of comparative advantage.9. BEFORE LONGBEFORE LONG – adv. вскоре, скороChina's leading state banks will go public before long. →В скором времени ведущие государственные банкиКитая станут открытыми акционерными банками.1. I think it’s inevitable that taxes will be raised on the wealthybefore long.2. Then the bank decided to create a strong brand identity.
Beforelong, its assets quadrupled.3. With lending so profitably, banks and building societies are boundto come back into the market before long.4. Venture capitalists will protect themselves first amid the crisis.But, better prepared this time, they’ll seek opportunities beforelong.5. Before long, European efforts to contain the growing crisisdegenerated into an embarrassing spectacle of every country foritself.156.
If substantial action is not taken soon to improve and increasethe nation’s energy resources, the U.S. will before long confrontenergy shortages that will make its current economic malaiselook mild by comparison.10. BIDBID – n. предложение цены, предложенная покупателем цена; претензия, домогательство, попытка; торги.BID – v. предлагать цену; участвовать в торгах; участвовать в аукционе, тендере; стремиться (к ч-л) ,бороться (за ч-л).In a desperate bid to avert meltdown, Law called on theDuke of Orleans to cut the official share price. → В отчаянной попытке избежать банкротства, Ло призвал герцога Орлеанского снизить официальную цену акций.Several companies bid on the contract to conduct theFestival. → В тендере на проведение фестиваляучаствует несколько компаний.1. Naturally, there are an infinite number of reasons why biddersbid as they do.2.
Savings and Loan Associations began to sell their mortgages in avain bid to stay solvent.3. Amgen Inc. is expected to sweeten its offer to acquire OnyxPharmaceuticals Inc. to $130 per share after its previous bid wasrejected.4. Korea is bidding to host the next Olympics.165. Quite apart from the nearly 3mln lives lost in Japan’s doomedbid for empire, by 1945 the value of Japan’s entire capital stockseemed to have been reduced to zero by American bombers.6. In August 1848, to the Duke of Buckingham’s horror, his sonhad the entire contents of Stowe House auctioned off.
Now hisancestral stately home was thrown open for bargain hunters tobid for the silver, the wine, the china, the works of art, and therare books.7. Currency crises, defaults, arguments about reparations and wardebts and then the Depression led more and more countries toimpose exchange and capital controls as well as protectionisttariffs and other trade restrictions in a vain bid to preservenational wealth.11. CHALLENGE – n.CHALLENGE – n. трудность, сложность, вызов; (новая, главная, первоочередная, сложная) задача,проблемаAs he begins a second term, the President faces globaleconomic challenges.→ В начале второго срока, перед президентом встают сложные экономическиезадачи глобального масштаба.1.
This article discusses some challenges posed by this environmentfor financial stability policy-makers.2. These changes have posed serious challenges to the analysis ofeconomic development and to its policies proposals.3. Assessing government compliance with economic and socialrights obligations presents a number of complex challenges.4. Financial services organizations face multiple challenges intheir business, of which some of the most pressing are industry17consolidation, meeting regulatory demands, managing risks andcontrolling costs.5.
Washington is still trying to address twenty-first century economicchallenges with a budget process written in the 1970s.6. Whether the problem is saving, debt, or investing, we all havefinancial challenges to face in reaching our financial goals.7. The challenge Merton and Scholes faced was how to price anoption to buy a particular stock on a particular date in the future,taking into account the unpredictable movement of the price ofthe stock in the intervening period.12. CHALLENGE – v.CHALLENGE – v.; оспаривать, подвергать сомнению,критике; требовать усилий; бросать вызов; ставитьили решать задачуLater studies have challenged this claim, indicating that thecountry's poor economic performance is unrelated to thereforms.
→ Последующие исследования поставилиэто утверждение под сомнение, указав на то, чтослабые экономические показатели страны не связаныс реформами.They challenged themselves, and most importantly,they delivered. → Они поставили перед собойсложные задачи, и, что самое главное, они с нимисправились.1. Who challenged the assumption that ethical behavior comes atthe expense of economic efficiency?2. Google Inc.
and Microsoft Corp. will challenge the supremacyof Apple’s iPad as new tablet models are announced in TaipeiComputex trade show this week. 183. They challenged the Eurocentric notion that development was a“catch-up game” in which a “backward” Third World could onlybecome developed with the help of Western capitalism.4. Innovation leaders must inspire curiosity, constantly challenge thestatus quo, create the freedom to explore and experiment, andfinally help drive the execution of the most promising new ideas.5. The former first lady has challenged government to adopta revolutionary approach to address the nation’s economicchallenges and create alternative industries to avoidoverdependence on the mining sector.6.
You want students to challenge themselves and take the mostrigorous program they can.7. The Great Depression, of course, challenged economists toexplain how it could be possible for a country like the UnitedStates to have sustained unemployment for almost a decade,reaching as high as a quarter of the working population.13. CHALLENGED – а.CHALLENGED – a. неблагополучный; неполноценныйI come from an economically challenged family. →вырос в материально неблагополучной семье.Я1. I’m not broke. I’m just financially challenged. 2. Dr. Guillermo Valenzuela, M.D. focuses his programs on lowincome, academically challenged students to provide them withstipends, tutoring and other support.3.
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