English Grammar Reference and Practice. Drozdova (810400), страница 84
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Знать грамматику - значит писать без ошибок.2. Подумать так было просто смешно. 3. Сказать«да» было невозможно, сказать «нет» было быневежливо. 4. Объяснить ему, что это такое, былоделом трудным. 5. Помогать ей - значит делатьвсё самой. 6. Рассердиться было бы глупо.1.
Трудно переводить этот текст без словаря.2. Очень было приятно поговорить с вами. 3. Оченьважно, чтобы нас не заметили. 4. Трудно будетобъяснить вам это. 5. Приятно быть опять в Москве. 6. Так странно, когда с тобой так разговаривают. 7. Было очень трудно делать вид, (to pretend),что ты все понимаешь.
8. Правда, хорошо сидетьздесь и пить кофе? 9. Ошибаться легко, гораздотруднее понять свою ошибку. 10. Вовсе не нужновсё это учить наизусть.(В) Translate the sentences, using the model.(м оёе|Г) do smth (in order/so as) (not) to get smth□ / came here to speak to you.□ She pretended to be quite well so as not to be taken to the doctor.1. Он бежал всю дорогу, чтобы успеть (catch) на поезд.
2. Он принёс в класс карту, чтобы показатьнам маршрут экспедиции. 3. Они всю ночь жгли костёр, чтобы их заметили проходящие мимо (passby) суда. 4. Мальчики стояли во дворе и не уходили, чтобы их тоже взяли с собой. 5. Я ещё разпрочёл письмо, чтобы лучше его понять. 6. Я всё это говорю, чтобы меня правильно поняли. 7. Онаничего не рассказала, чтобы её не наказали (punish).The Infinitive can function in a sentence as:3. An adverbial modifier ofresult with too (слишком)and enough (достаточно)□□He was too busy to see anyone.She was clever enough to admit it.ЛToo has a negative meaning. It shows that something is more than enough, necessary or wanted.Enough has a positive meaning.
It shows that there is as much of something as is wanted or needed.The following structures are used:Too + adjective/adverb + fo-lnfinitiveAdjective/adverb + enough + fo-lnfinitive□□The tea is too hot to drink.He is strong enough to lift it.Enough can also have a negative meaning.□He didn’t run fast enough to win the race.\308JTHEIN FIN ITIV EI4(A, B) Translate the sentences from Englishinto Russian.4.I was terrified. I couldn’t move.5.It is very cold. We can’t have a swim.1.
It all sounds too good to be true. 2. He was too6.astonished to speak. 3. You are old enough tounderstand it. 4. Do you know him well enough torecommend him for the job? 5. The story is much7.too long to read to the end today. 6. You are tooyoung to wear black. 7. She is old enough to betaken for his mother.8.I О(A, B) Combine the following pairs ofsentences into one sentence, using enough withthe Infinitive.(Model?) He is clever.
He can answer the question.*1He is clever enough to answer the question.1.It isn’t very hot. We can’t lie in the sun.3.The coffee isn’t strong. It won’t keep us awake.4.I am quite old. I could be your father.5.You aren’t very old. You can’t understand thesethings.6.He was very curious. He opened the letter.7.You are quite thin. You can wear this dress.It was very dark.
We couldn’t go out into thegarden.It was rather cloudy. We couldn’t see the eclipseproperly.17(B) Translate the sentences from Russianinto English.1.Я не настолько хорошо себя чувствую, чтобыпойти на работу сегодня. Гт not well enoughto go to work today.He wasn’t strong. He couldn’t support the man.2.He was very snobbish.
He wouldn’t talk to anyof us.2.Она достаточно хорошо говорит по-английски, чтобы нуждаться в переводчике.3.Рано читать тебе такие книги. (Ты слишкоммолод).4.Я стоял слишком далеко, чтобы слышать, чтоона говорит.5.Слишком она молода, чтобы принимать еёвсерьёз.6.Вопрос слишком сложен, чтобы на него сразуответить.7.(A, B) Combine each of the following pairsof sentences into one sentence, using too with theInfinitive.Слишком он ленив. Не читал он книги в подлиннике.8.Задача слиш ком сложна, чтобы её ужерешили.(Model?) He is very ill.
He can’t work today.He is too ill to work today.9.Ты теперь слишком большая, чтобы игратьв куклы.161.It is ve ry hot. W e c a n ’t run.2.I am rather old. I can’t wear this dress.3.He was nervous. He couldn’t speak.309T HEVERBALSThe Infinitive as an attribute: in this function it is far more extensive in English than in Russian.In English it modifies abstract and class nouns, pronouns, ordinal numbers and adjectives.^There are several ways in which the Infinitive can be used to function as an attribute:1) after such pronouns as: something,anyone, nothing, etc., usually to showthat something is necessary or possible2) after certain nouns□I have nobody to say a kind word to me.У меня никого нет, кто бы сказал мне доброеслово.□I had no time to visit the museum yet.He gave her a knife to cut the bread with.□3) after be + the first/second/last/next/best□Vf The Infinitive used as an attribute□often has a modal meaninaor implies a future action:□He was the first/last to come.Он пришёл первым (последним).JI’ve got a wife and a child to look after.У меня жена и ребенок, о которых я должензаботиться.The question will be discussed at the conferenceshortly to open in Moscow, (которая вскореоткроется в Москве.)The attributive Passive Infinitive mayhave a future meaning:□The houses to be built here will be of the same type.Дома, которые должны быть/будут построеныздесь, будут иметь такую же конструкцию.The attributive Infinitive may expressa meaning corresponding to Russianможно, нужно, следует.□It’s the only thing to do.Это единственное, что можно сделать.It’s a book to read and remember.Такую книгу надо прочесть и запомнить.■— —.....□v^.....Г NB! The Passive Infinitive is seldom used in the attributive function.
That is why we say “it is ^a book to read” (not “to be read” ).EXCEPTIONS: There is nothing to be done and nothing to do; there is something to beseen/to be said and something to see/to say.\Г 5. The Infinitive as an obiect:In this function it can be used after someverbs followed by the fo-lnfinitive(see The Gerund 1.1):6. The Infinitive can be also used afteradjectives which:a) describe feelings or emotions (happy, glad):b) express willingness/unwillingness (eager,anxious, reluctant, willing, annoyed, etc):c) refer to person’s character (mean, clever):d) with the adjectives lucky, fortunate:310□□They decided to send him a telegramme.Passing by a radio-shop he suddenlyremembered to buy some CDs for his player.□□They were happy to see us.He is reluctant to help.□□You were clever not to believe him.She was lucky to have met this man.THEIN FIN ITIV EEXERCISESi о (A, B) State the form and function of theInfinitive.
Translate the sentences into Russian.1. Now, the first thing to settle is what to take withus. 2. He was the first to raise the question. 3. Acelebration such as this was a chance not to bemissed. 4. She was the last to realize how dangerousit was. 5. You’re a bachelor with no family to takecare of. 6. The plan will be discussed at the meetingto be held on May 25. 7. At the sight of the man I feltan impulse to laugh. 8.
Her first action was to visitthe studio of a famous dressmaker. 9. The best thingLanny could do was to get out of here. 10. It’s anawkward thing to say. 11. The horse was quiet toride. 12. He is the best person to do the job.I 7(В, C) Translate the sentences, giving theRussian equivalents of the Infinitive used as anattribute.1. The desire to write was stirring in Martin once more.2. He had a good deal to say about India. 3. The relieffrom that long waiting, the feeling of nothing to worryabout was so delicious. 4. The first person to enterwas Mrs. Evans, her face white, her dark frightenedeyes avoiding his. 5. He looked at the shelves of booksto read. 6.
He received a note to say that he wasexpected at the family dinner. 7. Andrew was the thirdto go in for the interview. 8. You have health and muchto live for.................................. 6. There was noth in g ................................7. These are the letters................................8. His was the to n e ............................... 9. Have yougot anything...............................7 10. She will alwaysfind som ething..................................21(В, C) Insert the Infinitive in the appropriateform and translate the sentences into Russian.1. Mr. Abbot was the fir s t ..................... the silence.(break).
2. The next patie n t.....................was a nicegirl in her early teens, (examine). 3. Honesty is thefirst p rin c ip le ......................when working with us.(observe). 4. He complained that he was always thela s t ........................ (inform). 5. I am the last man......................a question of the kind. (ask). 6. Theywere among the la s t........................ (arrive). 7. Hefound that he was the only o n e ......................thediscrepancy, (notice). 8.
If there is to be a vacancy,I would like to be the o n e ....................the job. (offer).9. These houses were among the fe w ...................after a great fire, (survive). 10. Who was the youngestchess player ...................... the title of All-UnionChampion? (win). 11.
The Shakespeare MemorialTheatre players were the second British company....................... the Soviet Union, (visit). 12. TheNuremberg trial was the biggest international trial..................... e v e r......................... (hold).20(B) Complete the following sentences. Usethe Infinitive as an attribute; take the Infinitivephrases from the following list:to be desired, to speak (to/about), to do,to be done, to follow, to worry about,to be erected, to read, to laugh at,to be laughed at, to be answered,to answer, not to be contradicted1.
This is just the m a n ................................2. Packingwas the first th in g ..................................3. Here aresome instructions ..................................... 4. Them onum ent.............................. on this square will addbeauty to the place. 5. The book leaves much311(A, B) Translate the sentences, using themodels.(M odel 1 :) The first/last to do smth□She was the first to see the danger.□He was the second to cross thefinish line.(M odel 2 :( something/somebody/nobody to do smth□Have you anything else to say?□ There was nobody there to showhim the way out.(M odel 3 :) the man/time to do smth*1□He is just the man to do it.□It is not the right time to discussthis subject.1. He такой это был человек, чтобы предать друга.
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