диссертация (1169435), страница 13
Текст из файла (страница 13)
«говорить глупости, пороть чушь»: blather, blether, drivel, froth, gas,piffle, quiddle, twaddle, waffle, yaff, yawp.“Maybe we should boycott Starbucks,” frothed Donald Trump [War onChristmas …//The Sydney Morning Herald.au].3.2.2. «разглагольствовать, пускаться в рассуждения »: blab, dilate, din, ding,effuse, elocute, gush, lard, orate, parrot, patter, perorate, philosophize, prattle, rattle,speechify, spout, tootle, wax, wibble, woffle.The caffeine is absorbed into our bloodstream and begins to work on our nervoussystem, and I swear it lets me wax and philosophize more deeply about that lefthand68crossover, what direction that smear needs to be weighted or what nut to place midcrux [Climbing percolates from coffee// The Squamish Chief.com].3.2.3.
«разгласить, сболтнуть, выдать»: bewray, blow, blurt, bolt, claver, clew,clue, clype, confide, devoice, divulge, leak, let on, squeal.The officer confirmed the harassment but refused to divulge any furtherinformation [Do you see ’em, Mr CM?// Bangalore Mirror.com].3.2.4. «выдать, сделать донесение»: fink, snitch, squeak.Browning said that Golden thought he had snitched on him [Jury deliberating inmurder ..//Al.com].3.2.5. «распускать слухи, сплетничать»: bruit, buzz, chit-chat, crack, gossip,rumour, tattle.He says: “Neighbours dropped by to chit-chat even if they had nothing to buy”[Lives of residents of S…/ Strait Times.com].3.2.6. «оговаривать, клеветать»: asperse, backbite, blacken, cloud, defame,libel, spatter, smear, traduce.Alexiou has persisted with the case despite an onslaught from his formeremployer to blacken his reputation [Why the banks s…//ABC News.au].3.2.7.
«обманывать, привирать, приукрашивать»: bluff, cram, embroider,euphemize, exaggerate, fable, farce, fib, fictionalize, frame, gem, gloss, lie, mislead,yarn.South Korea and outside experts have raised doubts about the authenticity of theclaims, saying that the North Korean leadership is trying to bluff and exaggerate itsstanding power and achievements ahead of the Workers’ Party Congress [North KoreanEngine …// Inquisitr.com].3.2.8. «хвастаться, пускать пыль в глаза»: boast, bounce, bluster, brag, crow,gob, hyperbolize, overdraw, swash, vaunt.The latest global press freedoms index puts Turkey at number 151 – betweenTajikistan and the Democratic Republic of Congo, which is certainly nothing to bragabout [Marianne Taylor: Attempted … //The Herald Scotland.
Com].693.2.9. «причитать, оплакивать, жаловаться»: deplore, bemoan, bleat, groan,moan, snivel, sob, squawk, ululate, wail, weep over sth, yammer.Sporting a Zingo’s baseball cap, Cowell holds court in one of the booths at thecafe - his booming voice rousing other customers as they bemoan the rise in crime overthe last two years because of unemployment [A Californian town …// BBC News.uk].“We will issue a challenge to international terrorism, that no matter what you doyou cannot erase our history, and we will not sit idle and weep over the ruins,” he said.[Assad hails Syrian …// The Guardian.com].Часто в дискриптивных и фабульных текстах встречаются описанияситуаций речевого взаимодействия посредством глаголов движения, которые впроцессе экспликации приобретают коммуникативное значение.
Таким образом,среди глаголов выборки можно выделить четвертый сектор, сектор кинесическихглаголов (от древнегреческого «κίνησις» — движение), которые манифестируютприветствие (shake one’s hand), прощание (wave), запрет (shake one’s finger at sb),привлечение внимания (gesticulate, point, point out, bat one’s eyes, wink), отрицание(shake one’s head, wave away), утверждение (give a nod, thumb up, wag), вопрос,волеизъявление (beckon, blink away,), выражение мнения (facepalm, shrug).A few moments later, he added that the president can't “just wave away the lawsthe Congress has put in place...
And until we get comprehensive immigration reform,there's going to continue to be heartbreaking stories (…)”[The Rise of the …// TheDaily Sygnal.com].The Union government has not given nod to any pharma firm to increase pricesof drugs beyond permissible limits, Parliament was informed today [No permissiongiven to hike drug prices beyond limits: Government //The Echo of India.com].Пятый сектор глаголов со значением коммуникации включает глаголы,обозначающие речевое коммуникативное воздействие.
Когда мы обращаемся ккому-то, мы призываем его принять участие в ситуации коммуникации, принятьту, или иную социальную роль. Это своего рода ритуал инициации в систему актамежличностнойкоммуникации,которыйможетбытьотвергнут,или70проигнорирован оппонентом, но цель инициатора – получить отклик на своевоздействие. Такой «обряд» является неотъемлемым признаком коммуникации.Как мы указывали несколько раньше, речевое поведение коммуниканта даетвозможность оценивать и характеризовать его самого.
Соответственно, поречевым действиям субъекта речевой ситуации, которые выражают егонамерения,можноопределитьцелькоммуникативногоакта:сообщениеинформации, приказ или просьба, побуждение к действию, предупреждение,рекомендация, дружеский совет, предостережение или, напротив, строгий запрет,мягкая просьба или ультимативное требование – все, что касается жизни идеятельности человека в обществе.Приведенные далее глаголы могут актуализировать оценочное суждениекоммуникативного воздействия от отрицательного к нейтральному, и отнейтрального к положительному.Сегмент глаголов безоценочного (или нейтрального) коммуникативноговоздействия:5.1.1 «вызывать, обращаться»: address, begrace, call, conjure, entitle, style,summon, term, title.This doesn’t mean the supernatural must be portrayed as exotic: the most chillingthing about those women might be their normality, as if they were plump, middle-agedmatrons nattering across a backyard fence about their ability to conjure spirits[Theater: A Down-to-Earth …// Time.com].Other Japanese attacked policemen attempting to summon fire engines [China:Terror in Shanghai// Time.com].5.1.2.
«просить, спрашивать»: ask, appeal, beg, catechize, dare, debrief,demand, enquire, exact, inquire, interrogate, interview, plead, query, question, quiz,request, solicit.PWA might be censored for failing to put more men to work. But the organizationcould not be catechized for a lack of catholicity in its disbursements [Recovery: PWAReport// Time.com].71He does not have to solicit magazines; they solicit him. Of every four articles hewrites, three stem from some editor's suggestion. “I can’t imagine a story I’d turndown,” he says [The Press: King of the Lancers// Time.com].5.1.3.
«отвечать»: answer, react, reply, respond.I phoned them and to be fair to them they responded very politely, verypleasantly, and dealt with it straight away [Southwell Parish Council … // SouthwellCity Council. Com].In his memoirs he answers the charge: “Some Tories, like me, are criticised forthis supposed failing (of being patrician) which is said to lead to moral softness, incontrast with the toughness of those who have had to fight their way in life”[Kavanagh1991:209-319].Следующий, более обширный сегмент представлен глаголами условноположительного коммуникативного воздействия на объект речевой деятельности:5.2.1.
«восхвалять»: aggrandize, belaud, celebrate, commend, consecrate,elegize, eulogize, exalt, fame, hymn, hype, laud, poeticize, poetize, puff, rhapsodize,sing, tout, verse, versify.I want to commend Mr. Leahy for being willing to share his experiences [Dealingwith Male Depression// Art of Manliness.com].On the appointed day Modigliani appeared looking confident and distinguishedin his cords and red scarf; he ordered a good bottle of wine and began to rhapsodizeabout Gaby's beauty and charm [Rose 1990: 94-213].5.2.2.
«приветствовать»: accost, acclaim, bid, cheer, compliment, greet, hail,welcome.When I tried to enter the building, I was accosted by a civilian uniformed securityguard who wanted to see my I.D [The Pacific War// Pacificwar.org.au].You’ll see how well you are welcomed and what a marvellous country it is.[Europeans' economic future …// The Guardian.co.uk].5.2.3.
«воодушевлять, поддерживать»: comfort, elate, encourage, ensoul,exhilarate, hearten, inspire.72I finished my dissertation and handed it in last week. I thought I would be elated,and want to party all month, but in the end all I really wanted to do was crawl undertheduvetandhibernate[Mac&cheese,pharmacy…//FingersandToes.wordpress.com].In some way he appeared to hearten the French, many of whom were disorientedand depressed by the appalling events, by his insouciance [Kippax, 1992: 120-233].5.2.4.
«убеждать, уверять»: assure, attest, certify, coax, convince, explain,expound, persuade, pledge, promise, reason, reassure, remonstrate.“We’re nearly at Tivoli. Put me off there. I’ll walk the rest ”When Denis startedto remonstrate, Joshua interrupted him [Marcus 1993: 7-112].“Margaret,” I coaxed,” say yes, if only for the General’s sake” [Andrews 1986:8-134].5.2.5. «взывать, просить»: adjure, appeal, apply, beg, beseech, implore, entreat,invoke, petition, plead, pray, request, sue.I adjure you, friend. Don’t be deceived. A people who can so callously,expediently, and legally slaughter their own young is not blessed, will not prosper, andcannot stand [The most important …// The Western Journal].Trying to appeal to the better nature of a person who hasn’t got a better nature isa losing strategy [Is There a Psychopath …// Uncommon Help.co.uk].5.2.6.
«хвалить из лести, подхалимничать»: adulate, blandish, butter, cajole,flacker, flam, flatter, ingratiate, lull, palaver, tempt, wheedle.The first inducement that the Microsoft representatives blandished before the PCCompany was early access to Windows source code, which Compaq and a handful ofother OEMs enjoyed [U.S. V. Microsoft…// Justice.gov].“Don’t you see,” the stranger said,”she doesn’t want to wheedle your UncleAlbert into winding up the gramophone, she wants to sit and talk to me like a civilizedperson” [Bedford 1968: 53-168].5.2.7.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
