Диссертация (1146760), страница 42

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That's all for today. For next class, you should read the next chapter and do the samewith it that you did with the chapter for today. See you next class.(From D. Phillips “Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test)Задание 37After storms brought rain unusually far south, blazing heat is now gripping India with norelief in the immediate future.Here is the forecast for New Delhi valid until 6.00 a.m. tomorrow.

Issued at noon on Friday 20th of March.This afternoon will be dry and sunny. New Delhi will escape the worst of the heat, temperatures only rising 33◦ C.This evening and overnight there will be clear skies. Temperatures will fall, reaching 30◦C. But tomorrow temperatures will rise into the upper 30s for the first time since early Decembernext week.Задание 38G. E. My guest today is one of 24 self-made female billionaires in the world.

And hers is a true“rags to riches” story. As a teenager Zhan Xin worked in a sweatshop in her native China. By her20s she worked for “Goldman Sachs” and disillusioned with Wall Street returned to China tomake her fortune. But what kind of China? A country heading for economic problems — or,possibly, an emerging democracy as well as an emerging superpower. Zhan Xing, welcome toHardtalk. Your personal story is quite extraordinary.

Your parents were, I suppose purged is theright word in the Cultural Revolution. And your teenage years were spent partly in a sweat shopin Hong Kong. I mean, how was that? How did that seem to you? Did it seem like punishment ordid it seem like this is the real world you were going to live in?Z.X. You know, I was born during the Cultural Revolution in China so I didn’t know any otherway and everyone was poor, deprived of any material means.

We would wear the same clothes,we’d live in the same size of apartments. We’d go to the schools, and we’d learn the same wayof speaking, even ideologically we were a kind of guided in a certain way. So I think those were246the days before China was open. So by the time I moved to Hong Kong, even though I wasworking in the factory, it was an eye opening experience for me because the colours, the freedom, the noise, the music, everything is so different.G.E. So was it a happy time? Was there something that you remember which was enjoyable?Z. X. It was... I don’t know if I was that unhappy in China.

You know, even when I was living inthe Cultural Revolution environment, it was a simple life. I think as a child I enjoyed it.G.E. There was one of your observations about that time that I was really struck with which wasthat the workers in the sweat shops would change their bosses, go and work for somewhere elsewith just a marginal and very slight increase in pay.

Why did they do that? I’m just interestedwhat you thought.Z.X. Well, because those were the days when Hong Kong was the manufacture of China, I mean,the manufacturing centre of China. Now it, of course, moved to China. And a factory now weimagine like a big factory, in fact, is in a high-rise building. So one floor is one factory, so onefactory just making the sleeves, another factory sewing the zippers, another factory putting thecollar on. So this is “one factory - one floor”. But if you are a worker, if someone above you, another factory pays you a bit more, you move.G.E.

And you moved. You came to England and went to university in Cambridge and also inSussex. Was it an interesting period? What are your observations about the left-wing intellectuals, professors, some of which had an interesting view of communism which didn’t quite correlate with that you had seen.Z.X. That’s not much of professors, it was more of students. I don’t think they are Marxists today as a club. When the group of lefty students were very idealistic, you know, idealizing Marxism and socialism, and I was sitting there and thinking, “You know you have never been to a realcountry that is a socialist country. You really ought to be there and get a sense of what it is like.G.E.

So this was the period of Dan Sao Pin. Did you feel that was a real period of change,that thepast was broken out?Z.X. You know, I came to this country in the 80s. It was just a beginning of the open door policies. Very few privileged Chinese, like me, were able to leave China. I came via Hong Kong. Itwas… On the one hand, I was fascinated with everything that happened, when it comes to thewestern world and, on the other hand, I was very much focused on where China is leading to.Because everybody in China was talking about the future, the reforms, the open doors, the meansto modernize China. This is the thing about opening doors.

When you open the door, people seesomething and they want more. And there’s no way back.247Задание 40While many countries in Europe, including Britain, fear that too many migrants are moving there, there is an argument that allowing more migration would actually be a powerful influence on development in the home countries because people who move get skills and betterjobs, and that can feed back into their communities.

But the other side is that many peopleleave because of a lack of development and opportunity, so more should be done to develop athome so that not so many people want to leave.Задание 42Extract 1He somebody who has negotiated his way through shocking festered waters of the upperreaches of Iranian politics with very great skill for over three decades. He was very close to Rafsanjani, when Rafsanjani was the commander-in-chief of the armed forces at the end of the1980s and negotiated the settlement to the terrible Iraqi-Iran war. And Rouhani has managed tosurvive ever since. Since remarkably during the Ahmadinejad period he was kept in prison andsurvived, while other people with whom he was associated either went to prison or outcast indarkness.Extract 2He was a truly remarkable man. And I remember meeting him on various occasions.

Hewas very special with a very good sense of humour. He had that extraordinary ability for forgiveness and reconciliation. And he was also a huge inspiration for so many people around theworld in terms of what he has done, in terms of justice and freedom and Mandela improvedsome people’s lives.

And he had the ability to make such a difference for people around theworld. And the world will be a poor place without him.Extract 3Once he’s on stage, there’s a clear connection with a crowd which I and my years of reporting on Indian politics have never seen for a log long time. I think that is not comparable tothat I have come across in the last 15 or 20 years - the very appearance of this man on the stage,the very sort of the words he uses ,certain signals. They don’t really at this stage pay attention tothe substance of what he thinks.

They are to participate in the cult of Narendra Modi. That isactually quite apparent from the reaction of the audience, from holding his masks, the responsefrom women, which is not orchestrated but spontaneous.248Задание 43Good morning Ladies and Gentleman — and welcome to the third in our series of business seminars in the programme, “Doing Business Abroad”.Today we are going to look at intercultural awareness that is, the fact that not everyone isBritish, not everyone speaks English and not everyone does business in a British way. And whyshould they? If overseas business people are selling to us, then they will make every effort tospeak English and to respect our traditions and methods. It is only polite for us to do the samewhen we visit them.

It is not only polite, it is essential if we want to sell British products overseas.Now I shall come to language later, but first a short quiz — let's see how interculturallyaware you are. Question one: What word should you always try to avoid if you are working inMalaysia? Question two: Where must you not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of everymonth? Question three: Where should you never admire your host's possessions? Question four:How should you attract the waiter during a business lunch in Bangkok? Question five: Wherecan businessmen wear open-necked shirts and light trousers to the most formal of occasions?And Question six: Where can you wear shorts to do business? Question seven: Where must yoube careful to use both hands when handing anything to a business contact? Question eight:Where will a businessman hiss at you as he reads your business card? Question nine: Whereshould you try to make all your appointments before 1.00 p.m.? And Question ten: Where shouldyou try to make all your appointments either before 2.00 or after 5.30 p.m.? OK everyone had achance to jot something down? Right here are the answers — although I am sure that the information could equally well apply to countries other than those I have chosen.

So — number one,the word is “pig”. As a Muslim country, it has certain religious beliefs different to our own and itis said that there are certain government officials who will refuse to handle documents if thisword is included. Number two, you must not drink alcohol on the first and the seventh of themonth in India. In international hotels you may find it served but if you are having a meal withan Indian colleague, remember to avoid asking for a lager if your arrival coincides with one ofthose dates. Three — in Arab countries, the politeness and generosity of the people is withoutparallel. If you admire your colleague's beautiful golden bowls, you may well find yourself beingpresented with them as a present.

This is not a cheap way to do your shopping, however, as yourhost will, quite correctly, expect you to respond by presenting him with a gift of equal worth andbeauty. In Thailand, clicking the fingers, clapping your hands, or just shouting “waiter” will embarrass your hosts, fellow diners, the waiter himself — and, most of all, you! Place your handpalm downward and make an unobtrusive waving gesture — which will produce instant and249gratifying results. In the Philippines you needn't wear a tie or a jacket, in Bermuda you can wearshorts.

In South Korea, the influence of Confucianism is strong in all aspects of life, includingbusiness, and using two hands is the only way to present something without giving offence. Japanese businessmen will make a hiss of respect when receiving your card (and it must have a Japanese translation, of course). In Rome, many government offices close at lunchtime or many officials have a morning job and another, different one in the afternoon. And finally, in Spain,some businesses maintain the pattern of working until about 2.00 and then returning to the officefrom 5.30 to 8.00, 9.00 or 10.00 in the evening.Задание 46Once upon a time there was a crab who lived in a marsh in a certain part of the country.

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