Диссертация (1146760), страница 43
Текст из файла (страница 43)
Itfell out one day that, the crab having picked up a rice cake, an ape, who had got a nasty hard persimmon-seed, came up, and begged the crab to make an exchange with him. The crab, who was asimple-minded creature, agreed to this proposal; and they each went their way, the ape chucklingto himself at the good bargain which he had made.When the crab got home, he planted the persimmon-seed in his garden, and, as timeslipped by, it sprouted, and by degrees grew to be a big tree.
The crab watched the growth of histree with great delight; but when the fruit ripened, and he was going to pluck it, the ape came in,and offered to gather it for him. The crab consenting, the ape climbed up into the tree, and beganeating all the ripe fruit himself, while he only threw down the sour persimmons to the crab, inviting him, at the same time, to eat heartily. The crab, however, was not pleased at this arrangement, and thought that it was his turn to play a trick upon the ape; so he called out to him tocome down head foremost.
The ape did as he was bid; and as he crawled down, head foremost,the ripe fruit all came tumbling out of his pockets, and the crab, having picked up the persimmons, ran off and hid himself in a hole. The ape, seeing this, lay in ambush, and as soon as thecrab crept out of his hiding-place gave him a sound drubbing, and went home. Just at this time afriendly egg and a bee, who were the apprentices of a certain rice-mortar, happened to pass thatway, and, seeing the crab's piteous condition, tied up his wounds, and, having escorted himhome, began to lay plans to be revenged upon the cruel ape.Having agreed upon a scheme, they all went to the ape's house, in his absence; and eachone having undertaken to play a certain part, they waited in secret for their enemy to come home.The ape, little dreaming of the mischief that was brewing, returned home, and, having a fancy todrink a cup of tea, began lighting the fire in the hearth, when, all of a sudden, the egg, which washidden in the ashes, burst with.
the heat, and bespattered the frightened ape's face, so that he fled,250howling with pain, and crying, "Oh! what an unlucky beast I am!" Maddened with the heat of theburst egg, he tried to go to the back of the house, when the bee darted out of a cupboard, and apiece of seaweed, who had joined the party, coming up at the same time, the ape was surroundedby enemies. In despair, he seized the clothes-rack, and fought valiantly for awhile; but he was nomatch for so many, and was obliged to run away, with the others in hot pursuit after him. Just ashe was making his escape by a back door, however, the piece of seaweed tripped him up, and therice-mortar, closing with him from behind, made an end of him.So the crab, having punished his enemy, went home in triumph, and lived ever after onterms of brotherly love with the seaweed and the mortar.
Was there ever such a fine piece of fun!Задание 47Interviewer The contrast between the last Iranian president Mahmud Ahmadinejad and a newone, Hassan Rouhani, couldn’t at first sight be starker, one raged against the west, the other likesHollywood films, dresses in Armani and reads the novels of Thomas Hardy.
A new president’smanner is measured, moderate, cordial. Sahid Ayatollah Erani, a former Iranian Culture Ministerhas known Doctor Rouhani for 30 years.Sahid I think when you listen to his voice you find that this voice is full of kindness, very musical, not sharp, doesn’t disturb you. This is I think his tone.Interviewer So this is very different from his predecessor.Sahid Exactly.
Absolutely different.Interviewer Garry Seek, an advisor to President Carter during the Iranian hostage crisis met President Rouhani in New York for the first time this week.Garry Seek He was very friendly, very open-feeling. He was quite different. I attended a numberof the same kind of events with the former president Ahmadinejad. And I got … this approachwas combative and … This was very different.
For anyone who has been involved in this processthe change between the previous president and this president is simply stunning. It is a remarkable shift.Interviewer Jack Straw, when he was a Foreign Secretary, negotiated with Rouhani over Iran’snuclear programme.Jack Straw At first blush very inscrutable looking like a bishop with a solemn face. But whenyou get to know him you see this twinkle over smile start to play in his eyes and on his lips. And…. you realize that you deal with a human being. He is very bright, very committed to Iran andbut also when you are engaged to him personally and through you with those who previouslyhave been regarded as the enemies of Iran.251Interviewer The former president Netanyahu calls him a wolf in the sheep’s clothing.
There is nodoubt that under the polished exterior lies a tough and calculating character. Doctor AbbasMelani is Director of Iranian studies at Stanford University.Abbas He is very clever, cunning, cautious, careful politician, full of Machiavellian guile andpragmatism and willing basically what it takes to do the job that he thinks is the right thing doneat that moment.Задание 48Part 1The Ebola epidemic is still raging in west Africa and will get worse before it gets better. We askhow we got into this situation in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea, why the World Health Organization was so slow to respond, and what needs to happen in future to prevent a similar disaster.
There have now been 13,703 officially registered Ebola cases and around 5,000 deaths, although it is estimated the true figure may be two to three times higher. In Liberia a slowdown hasrecently been noted with fewer burials and some empty beds in treatment centres, but experts saythe numbers could easily rise again.
Drug and vaccine trials are being expedited and will start inthe outbreak countries in December, but the epidemic is still far from under control.Part 2Speaker 1In rural areas where there’s better community organization, village elders, village chiefs, traditional systems which help people better understand the cause of the disease and how to prevent spread, where the Red Cross and Red Crescent societies can work very freely totransport dead bodies and to transport patients and to spray the environment where patients have been held and also where contact tracing is easier and patient identification and isolation is also easier, it’s more easy to stop an outbreak and all previous outbreaks have beenstopped in rural areas.Speaker 2In rural areas we have less numbers of health workers and they’re not trained to diagnoseEbola.
I mean the fact is this is the first time we have Ebola in West Africa, so it’s a new disease,it’s unknown for these people. You know, once we, like the country or WHO, somebody recognizes here is an Ebola infection coming in this country then we don’t have the people to trainor to diagnose Ebola, we don’t have the labs where you can send samples and actually get an252accurate diagnosis and you don’t have the facility to look to isolate the patient and look afterit, we don’t have the gear for the health workers to protect themselves.Задание 50I promised to describe as much as analyze and now I shall. I’ll try to anyway.
The 1913picture I’ll talk about is one that lives at the Tate in London, one of the rare classic cubist pictures that made its way across the Channel despite a largely suspicious reception in Britain. It’s acollage involving cut paper elements and it’s called “Bottle of Vieux Marc, Glass, Guitar andNewspaper”. Vieux Marc is a kind of French brandy made from already pressed grapes.What do we see when we look at it? Well, first of all, and rather surprisingly we see themasthead of the Figaro, a paper which is still published in Paris.
It’s the actual thing, real newspaper a little, though only a little browned by time and pasted directly onto the picture surface.Yet that newspaper sits within a flat- rendered world which indicates rather than really fully realizing objects a bottle — the bottle, the glass and the guitar. We sense at once, I think, a clearfeeling of mundane totality.We’re at a café table and there’s a guitar somewhere in the vicinity. Still all of that, thatlittle world has been stenographically suggested by the most parsimonious of signs. What we’relooking at is not suggested imressionistically but rendered diagrammatically. We still see thisworld through a faceted prismatic glass brightly. We’re in the world of signs distilled down fromappearances to their conceptual essence. The guitar placed in the centre of this picture is far fromfully realized. But it is not a sketch of the guitar really.
More one might say a list of one renderedas a catalogue of familiar elements. A guitar, this picture gaily proposes, is a sounding hole and awomanly edge and a fretboard of parallel lines. And if you get this thing right, in whatever jaunty order you put them down, you have got your guitar.That kind of conceptual rendering, as it is sometimes called, is very familiar. I used toplay a children’s parlour game where you had three simple geometrical objects and you had todress them up with an erasable crayon to spell out a famous scene or a text frequently drawmoustaches and you had the whole of a Duma novel.
That’s the kind of the representation that’sgoing on here. Suave rapid fire, economical and vividly minimal.At the same time the more we look the more, I think, we see that the picture is entirelylike that. Some of the things we see like the rendering of the glass on the right are illusions suggesting the actual play of light on objects. Other things, like that Figaro headline, are the realthings, as they exist in the world, imported whole to the middle of this in many ways mysteriouspicture.253Now what would we really think, I wonder, if we were truly amateur lookers in 1913 uncorrupted by art history? Would the picture baffle us? Well, many people were baffled by it andits brothers and sisters then.
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