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2. The word 'lexicography' comes from... (Greek words lexicos 'referring to a word' andgraphi 'writing')
3. By practice of compiling dictionaries is usually meant... (practical work of gathering material for dictionaries, e.g. quotations, examples, cards).
4. By theory of compiling dictionaries is usually understood... (theoretical work based on Lexicology which elborates the theory of compiling dictionaries, principles of a dictionary structure, types of dictionaries)
5. A dictionary is... (a book where a certain information about words or about certain facts, things, phenomena of our life is given)
6. A problem for modern Lexicography is... (how to differentiate between meanings and usages, polysemantic words and homonyms)
7) The lexicographic tradition in England goes back to... (7-8n c.)
8) Name some famous English lexicographers (R. Soul, W. Skeat, D. Jones, S. Johnson, A.C. Hornby)
9) OED stands for... (The Oxford English Dictionary)
10) An ideographic dictionary is... (a dictionary where words are arranged according to a logical classification of concepts they express, not in alphabetical order)
1.2.1. Types of dictionaries (АЗ: 4, СРС: 0)
Форма организации: Практическое занятие
Описание: 1) Multiple choice
1. The initial name of The Oxford English Dictionary was:
A. Compact Oxford English Dictionary B. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
С New English Dictionary on Historical Principles D. Historical English Dictionary
2. The best-known dictionary of Old English was compiled by:
A. R. Soul B. W. Skeat С S. Johnson D. J. Bosworth and T. Toller
3. The first major toponymic dictionary was compiled by:
A. W. Skeat B. F. Stenton С E. Ekwall D. A.H. Smith
4. A famous Enlgish thesaurus was published by:
A. Roget B. Macmillan С Oxford D. Longman
5. An American dictionary is:
A. Longman B. Webster С Collins D. Hornby
6. The most authoritative etymological dictionary was compiled by:
A. W. Skeat B. F. Stenton С E. Ekwall D. A.H. Smith
7. The most famous English pronouncing dictionary was compiled by:
A. S. Johnson B. D. Jones С H. Sweet D. N. Bailey
8. A concordance is:
A) a dictionary containing a stock of words of a language
B) an alphabetical list of the important words used in a book or by a particular writer
C) a list of difficult words with definitions or translations for some particular book
D) a dictionary with explanations of the origins of words
9. A thesaurus is:
A) a dictionary containing a stock of words of a language
B) an alphabetical list of the important words used in a book or by a particular writer
C) a list of difficult words with definitions or translations for some particular book
D) a dictionary with explanations of the origins of words
10. A glossary is:
A) a dictionary containing a stock of words of a language
B) an alphabetical list of the important words used in a book or by a particular writer
C) a list of difficult words with definitions or translations for some particular book
D) a dictionary with explanations of the origins of words
(keys: lc, 2d, 3c, 4a, 5b, 6a, 7b, 8b, 9a. 10c)
2) Explain the difference between:
1. an encyclopaedia / a general-purpose linguistic dictionary
2. two meanings of the word 'vocabulary"
keys:
1) encyclopaediae provide information about the named object (denotation), whereas linguistic dictionaries deal with the name itself;
2) vocabulary: a learner's list of words or the summary stock of words of a person or of a language)
3) Comment on the purpose of the following kinds of dictionaries:
etymological / synonymic / antonymic / phraseological / dialect / slang / of abbreviations / of neologisms / of frequency
1.2.2. Работа со словарями синонимов и антонимов (АЗ: 4, СРС: 0)
Форма организации: Практическое занятие
Описание: I. Theory of antonymy
Multiple choice
1. Most antonyms are:
A. Adjectives B. Verbs С Nouns D. Adverbs
2. The most commonly used antonyms are:
A. Morphologically unrelated B. Morphologically derived С Compound words D. Convertives
3. The most numerous antonyms in the English vocabulary are:
A. Morphologically unrelated B. Morphologically derived C. Compound words D. Conversives
4. Choose the most appropriate:
A. Opposites are words describing concepts that have nothing in common
B. An opposite is a word that contains two contrasting meanings simultaneously
C. Opposites are two words which share a semantic dimension but differ in another semantic dimension
D. Opposites are antonyms
5. Which statement is inaccurate?
A. The term 'enantiosemy' comes from the words 'against' and 'mean'
B. Enantiosemy has to do with expressive colouring of the word
C. Enantiosemy may be viewed synchronically and diachronically
D. Enantiosemy is when one word contains opposite meanings
(keys: la, 2a, 3b, 4c, 5b)
II. Types of English antonyms
1) Match the types of antonyms with their characteristics:
1) gradable (contrastive), 2) complementary (contradictory), 3) reversive, 4) relational, 5) conversive
a) share a semantic dimension, but it is a dimension which has no middle values;
b) name qualities which are gradable;
c) describe opposite vectors; signify an act or state that reverse or undo the quality, act, or state of the other;
e) indicate such a relationship that one of them cannot be used without suggesting the other;
f) describe actions from alternative viewpoints.
(keys: lb, 2a, 3c, 4e, 5f)
2) Sort the antonymic pairs according to their type (contrastive / contradictory / conversive / reversive):
good - bad, deep - shallow, narrow - wide, to love - to hate, to give - to take, to laugh - to cry, up -down, alive - dead, slowly - quickly, tie - untie, black - white, hot - cold, married - single, father - mother, cool — warm, true - false, come - go, forth — back
(keys: contrastive: good - bad, deep - shallow, narrow - wide, to love - to hate, to laugh - to cry, slowly - quickly, black - white, hot - cold, cool - warm; contradictory: alive - dead, married - single, father - mother, true - false; conversive: to give - to take, come - go; reversive: up - down, tie - untie, forth -back)
III. Practical knowledge of English antonyms
1) Multiple choice
1. Find 2 antonyms for 'sparkling':
A. splendid B. dull С still D. bubbling
2. Find 2 antonyms for 'green':
A. veteran B. red C naughty D inexperienced
3. The antonym for 'praise' is:
A. appraisal B. censorship С indifference D. censure
4. The antonym for 'confirm' is:
A. affirm B. denial C) deny D) supply
5. Find the 'odd one out':
A. safe and sound B. fair and foul С sad and merry D. up and down A. dis- B. un- С ful- D. less-
(keys: lb, 2a,b, 3d, 4c, 5a,c)
2) Supply antonyms for:
fail, fact, explicit, permanent, rural, hate, plain, afflict, impede, alienate, gentle, glory, good-natured, gross, natural, neat, nervous
(keys: succeed, fiction, implicit, temporary, urban, love, beautiful, comfort, aid, unite, harsh, shame, hostile, delicate, artificial, unkempt, steady)
1.2.3. Работа со словарями омонимов(АЗ: 4, СРС: 0)
Форма организации: Практическое занятие
Описание: ■ I. Explain, how the following words became homonyms.
knight -- night love - to love
sea - see spring - to spring
need - knead hair - hare
to answer - an answer a date - to date
son -sun wind - to wind
rite - write light - to light
II. Classify the following homonyms according to Professor A.I. Smirnitsky's classification system.
a ball in smb's honour - to play with a ball
he left - my left ear
to send the page ahead - open the book at page
to buy a rose - he rose from the chair
to be bound to do something - to bound one's desire
a light suitcase - to turn on the light
to catch a bear - to bear pain
I can do it - to open the can
III. Classify the following homonyms into homonyms proper, homophones and homographs.
a. a sad tale - a long tail
b. to sit in a row - to have an awful row with smb с to watch a football match - to strike a match
d. he made a mistake - the maid came in
e. to wind up a watch - the wind is blowing
f. to face the South - to wash the face
g. to board the plane - she is very plain
IV Find homophones to the following words, explain their meanings.
Dye, cent, sight, write, hare, fair, flour, cereal, coarse, steel, sum, meet, weak, piece.
V Find homographs to the following sentences, explain their meanings.
1. a. The new Robin Cook book is an awful read. b. Once I had read the note I tore it into little bits and swallowed them. 2. a. The rope was wound around his wrists, b. She died from a fatal chest wound. 3. a. And haven't they been ready to tear the clothes off my back too? b. Second, the greatest and last of the Hohenstaufen, or refrain from dropping a tear over his sad failure. 4. a. This should be divided into packets often cartridges each, which should be rolled up in flannel and hermetically sealed in separate tin canisters, b. To stalk these wary antelopes I was obliged to separate from my party, who continued on their direct route. 5. a. I don't need you to determine whether I live or die. b. I went to see Alanis Morissette live concert.
1.3.1. Практическая работа по фразеологическим словарям (АЗ: 6, СРС: 0)
Форма организации: Практическое занятие
Описание: 1. Give definitions to the following terms.
an idiom
an idiomatic meaning
a phraseological unit (after Prof. Koonin)
a free word-group
reproductivity
a phraseological variant
a phraseological fusion
2.Name at least 5 outstanding phraseologists.
3.Give an example of a phraseological unit and prove its status using the criteria distinguishing it from a free word group.
1.3.2. Квиз, тест.(АЗ: 6, СРС: 0)
Форма организации: Практическое занятие
Описание: Quiz .
Read the proverbs:
Old birds are not to be caught with chaff.
He who pays the piper calls the tune.
Spare the rod and spoil the child.
A wonder lasts but nine days.
It is a small flock that has not a black sheep.
1) Define the phraseological units originated from them.
2) Comment on
a) the degree of the idiomacity of these phraseological units.
b) their structural stability.
Test
Read the text. Write out as many words as you can estimate as
a) native (mark the origin)
b) Latin borrowings (mark the layer)
c) French borrowings (mark the layer)
d) Scandinavian borrowings
f) hybrids
g) international words
In Maud, Tennyson returns to the poetry of sensation, and dwells on a consciousness constituted of fragments of feeling. He deliberately denies an autonomous voice, and the ending is deeply ironic. The complex of feeling is ephemeral, and the culmination of these feelings ends in the unsatisfactory conclusion of the Crimean War. Tennyson is expressing the feelings of an age where identity, intellect and modernity were controversial issues. He does not offer a clear, linear answer. The chivalric style of the love-poem is combined with a contemporary cynicism, and so the Victorian tendency to look to remote cultures (here, the Middle Ages) is insufficient. The interweaving of death and life images gives expression to the greater concern for the afterlife, and the movement of the human race into a greater age from past monuments.
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