Учебник по Английскому (И. В. Орловская, Л. С. Самсонова, А. И. Скубриева - Учебник английского языка), страница 7

The more civilizationis developing, the greater the ecological problems are becoming.Air and water pollution by industry is now reaching tremendousproportions. In our era it is changing from a national to an interna­tional problem, especially in territories where rivers cross severalcountries. The seas and oceans are also becoming seriously polluted.A similar situation is developing in the atmosphere.

It is known thatmany cities throughout the world suffer from air pollution.However, our scientific knowledge and technological advance­ment make it possible to eliminate it if people use good will^ andmake considerable investments for that purpose. The develop­ment of natural resources on a global scale is already possible froma scientific and technical standpoint^. Large-scale experimentalwork in this area is successfully being carried out.At present scientists in industrially developed countries areworking on the theory of interaction of all the atmospheric andoceanic global processes that determine the climate and weatherof the world. Increasing growth of population, industrializationand the use of resources are slowly but surely changing the globalclimate and water balance.

This can be described as a great experi­ment, one that may bring about changes in the environment moreserious than ever before.The essential feature in the environment protection is thatmany problems can be solved only on the level of worldcommunity^. Therefore, the planning of protection against pollu­tion by human society as a whole^ is imperative today and in thenear future.

It is necessary to develop an international program tostudy data on land, forest, atmospheric and oceanic resources, bothrenewable and non-renewable. It is the joint efforts of many scien­tists and special public organizations that can deal with the prob­lem and take necessary measures to protect the environment.It is still a big job and much remains to be done^. However, sci­entists are confident that planned actions of all countries can elimi­nate pollution and achieve successes in purifying air, water and soiland in safeguarding natural resources. At the same time one must29realize that social and political circumstances may stand in the wayof further progress in this field.Notes to the Text1.2.3.4.5.ется)good will — добрая воляstandpoint — точка зренияcommunity — сообществоas a whole — в целомmuch remains to be done — еще многое предстоит (оста­сделатьУПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 17.

Просмотрите текст 2А и ответьте на вопросы.1. What is this text about? 2. What is ecology? 3. How does wa­ter (air) become polluted? 4. Why is the problem of water pollutionbecoming a global problem?Упражнение 18. Найдите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в PresentContinuous, переведите.1. Water and air are becoming more and more polluted. 2. Atpresent computers are more widely used in the sphere of education.3. Where were you at six o'clock? We were studying in the read­ing-room.

4. There are government and public organizations thatare analysing data on land, forest and air. 5. New courses of educa­tion such as management are being organized in many institutes.6, What will you be doing in the laboratory tomorrow morning? Weshall be watching the operation of a new device. 7. Measures arebeing taken to save Lake Baikal. 8.

The situation at Lake Baikal isremaining very serious. 9. Much attention is being paid at presentto the development of international scientific contacts. 10. Scienceis becoming a leading factor in the progress of mankind.Упраяшение 19. A. Найдите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым вContinuous Passive, переведите.1. Cambridge University was formed in the 12th century. 2. Thesolution of ecological problems may be achieved only by joint effortsof all countries.

3. Great changes in people's lives and work werebrought about by the scientific and technological progress. 4. Thetheory of interaction of atmospheric and oceanic processes is beingdeveloped to determine the weather of the planet. 5. The teachersat Cambridge are called «dons» or «tutors». 6.

Computers and la30sers are being widely introduced at plants and factories. 7. The mostimportant ecological problems must be considered at the govern­ment level. 8. The training at Cambridge and Oxford is carried outby tutorial system.B. Переделайте предложения из действительного в страдательный залог.1. Не is writing а letter at the moment.

2. John was preparingreport all day yesterday. 3. We are learning grammar now. 4. Atpresent mankind is making considerable investments to eliminateair pollution. 5. Today the changes in the global climate and wa­ter balance are bringing about serious changes in the environ­ment.

6. Many scientists are constantly carrying out experimentalwork to solve the problem of environment protection. 7. The com­pany is making plans for the future.Упражнение 20. Найдите предложения, где it является формальным под­лежащим, личным местоимением или входит в состав усилительной конст­рукции; переведите.1. It is dark here. Please, turn on the light.

2. It was Gagarinwho was the first man to orbit the Earth. 3. Our students studystrength of materials. It is a very difficult subject. 4. Mathematics isstudied at all technological institutes because every engineer mustknow it well. 5. It is the most interesting article on this subject. 6. Ithas become evident that ecological problems can be solved only onthe global level. 7. Joint efforts of people throughout the worldmake it possible to achieve some progress in environment protec­tion. 8.

It is the development of robots that will solve some verycomplex problems of industry. 9. It is evident that research is be­coming more specialized now. 10. The use of the new equipmentmade it possible to minimize the number of workers. 11. It is indus­trialization that is making ecological problems very serious.Упражнение 21. Определите функции one и thaty переведите предложе­ния.1. The problem that has become the most important one is theproblem of pollution. 2. One can easily understand why the profes­sion of an engineer requires a special college training 3. The newtechnologies that are being developed must be connected with tra­ditional ones. 4.

That air and water pollution by industrialization isreaching dangerous levels is realized by everyone. 5. It is the inven­tion of an engine that started the first industrial revolution. 6. Themain purpose of education is that graduates must be able to work31with the technology of tomorrow. 7.

The education in Oxford andCambridge is different in many ways from that in other universities.8. We discussed the first industrial revolution, the one that tookplace some centuries ago. 9. New robots will have several manipu­lators that will carry out many functions. 10. That computers androbots are important for industrial uses is well known to scientistsand engineers. 11. One must realize that the increasing number ofcars brings about considerable pollution of the air.

12. It is thegrowth of industrialization that is changing the climate of theplanet. 13. The essential feature of higher education in this countryis that it combines theory with practice. 14. The simplest materialsare those which have only one kind of atoms. 15. That the Earth isround was unknown for a long time.

16. It is found that the labour(труд) of a man with secondary education is 108 per cent more effi­cient than that of a man without that education. Moreover, thework of a university or college graduate is 300 per cent more effi­cient than that of a specialist with secondary education.Упражнение 22. Переведите предложения с союзами сравнения.1. The bigger the cities are, the greater the pollution is. 2. Themore computers and robots are used in industry, the quicker tech­nological progress will be. 3.

The more automobiles appear in thestreets, the worse the air in the cities is. 4. The more effective is thetechnology, the quicker is the development of this country. 5. Thequicker we joint our efforts in protecting the environment, thequicker the ecological problems are solved.УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫУпражнение 23. Определите по суффиксу, к какой части речи относятсяслова.radioactivity, measurement, interaction, society, nervous,elimination, basic, proportion, seriously, symbolic, anxious, eco­logical.Упражнение 24. Назовите глаголы, образованные от следующих сущест­вительных, и переведите их.advancement (продвижение вперед, прогресс), investment(капиталовложение), measurement (измерение), achievement(достижение), improvement (улучшение), fulfillment (выпол­нение).32Упражнение 25.

Переведите слова с префиксом re-.rename, reopen, renew, renewable, non-renewable, renewal.Упражнение 26. Найдите среди следующих слов:а) антонимыslowly, old, at present, small, quickly, in the past, new, large;б) синонимыtremendous, epoch, realize, several, work, progress, great,field, era, understand, make it possible, different, achieve, some,advance, enable, area, various, reach, essential, job, important.Упражнение 27. Составьте предложения, пользуясь словами и выраже­ниями из таблицы.Her friendTheyIYouWeare watchingis writingare listening toam readingis speakinga letteron the telephonethe latest news on the radiothe TV programmean exerciseУпражнение 28.

Придумайте предложения со следующими глаголами-сказуемыми:is changing, was changing, will be changing, are becoming, willbe developing, are being introduced, was being solved.Упражнение 29. Раскройте скобки.A. When Peter was a child, he had two drawing books. One ofthem was (large) than the other. His elder brother bought the(large) one for him. Peter liked it (well) because the drawings in itwere (large) and simple. He drew something every day. Each newday his drawing was (good) than the one he had made the day be­fore. The last page was much (good) than the first one.B.