Учебник по Английскому (И. В. Орловская, Л. С. Самсонова, А. И. Скубриева - Учебник английского языка), страница 10

After the international conference on ecology it has becomepossible to begin working at environmental problems on a globalscale. 2. Some scientists and engineers are working at improvingtraditional production processes, others are developing new tech­nologies, 3. The new instruments will enable us to determine thelevel of pollution in our rivers. 4. Our technological advances makeit possible to deal with the most difficult problems. 5. Our lecturer'sbook on strength of materials is well-known and popular.

6. Onemust study six years to become an engineer. 7. There is a big libraryin the new building of our institute. It is a very good library. Onemay get all the necessary books there and it is possible to keep themtill the end of the academic year. 8. It is well-known that techno­logical progress is impossible without electronics, computers, ro­bots and new materials. 9. That ecological problems have becomethe most important ones at present is evident to all. 10. What isnecessary for the students is to get a good qualification. 11.ThatS.P.

Korolyev was the founder of practical cosmonautics is a wellknown fact. 12. That theory is combined with practical training is avery good tradition of our educational system. 13. That it is neces­sary to develop an international ecological program is realizedthroughout the world.Упражнение 6. Найдите сказуемое в каждом предложении, переведите.1. The electronic industry produces several types of minicom­puters. 2. The air in many cities has been polluted by traffic andindustry. 3. The lecture on environment protection was very inte­resting.

4. Mankind has never experienced changes in life and work44on such a scale. 5. The task of the world community is to improvethe ecological situation in the world. 6. In six years we shall be­come engineers. 7. It is possible to take measures to protect envi­ronment on a global level by the joint efforts of all countries.8. Professor N. is the dean of our faculty. 9.

The important featureof our education is that it combines theory with practical training.10. The main tendency of our life is that computers are being usedin all spheres of technology, science and everyday life. 11. The es­sential feature in environment protection is that most of it is doneby public initiative. 12. What is necessary today is that the protec­tion of global natural resources must be planned.

13. Today one ofthe most important problems is that big cities are polluted.СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕУпражнение 7. Переведите следующие производные слова согласно об­разцу:глагол + -ег/-ог = существительноеto teach — учить, обучать -> teacher — учительto regulate — регулировать -> regulator — регуляторto lecture — lecturer, to speak — speaker, to invent — inventor,to generate — generator, to transform — transformer, to indicate —indicator, to compute — computer;суффиксы прилагательных -ant/'Cntto excel — превосходить -> excellent — превосходныйimportant, efficient, distant, evident, confident, recent;отрицательные префиксы un-fimquestionable — спорный -^ unquestionable — неоспоримый,несомненныйmaterial — immaterial, limited — unlimited, important — unim­portant, usual — unusual, natural — unnatural, necessary — un­necessary, known — unknown, qualified — unqualified, changing —unchanging, seen — unseen, possible — impossible, perfect — im­perfect, personal — impersonal, mobile — immobile.Упражнение 8.

Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.electricity [ilek'trisiti], civilization [,sivilai'zeijen], economicand social progress ['preugres], transformer [traens'foime], uni­versal [ju:niVe:s9l], electrometallurgy [ilektreume'taeledsi], ca­ble ['keibl], specific [spi'sifik], machine [m9'Ji:n], photocopyingmachine, radar ['reide], Paris ['paeris], generator ['dsenereite],45battery ['baetari], lamp [laemp], dynamo ['dainameu], indicator['indikeite], nation ['neijan], energy ['enacfei], service ['S9:vis],laser ['leiza], compact ['kompaekt].Упражнение 9.

Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.imagine [I'maedjin], turn [te:n], daily ['deili], completely[kam'pli:tli], power ['paua], appearance [a'piarans], gear [gia],pulley ['pull], whole [haul], range [reincfe], device [diVais],source [so:s], century ['sen^uri], design [di'zain], since [sins],consumption [кап'злтр/ап], double [dAbI], health [heIG], reduce[ri'djuis], beam [bi:m], advantages [adVointicfeiz], clean [kli:n],regulated ['regjuleitid], generate ['chjenareit], human ['hju:man],latest [leitist].СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯadvantage п — преимуществоappearance п — появлениеapplication п ~ применение,заявлениеcompletely adv — полностью,целикомconsumption п — потребление,расходcover п — охватить, охваты­вать,design V — конструировать,проектироватьdevice п — прибор, устройствоdouble V — удваиватьefficient а — эффективныйgenerate v — вырабатывать,производитьimagine v — представлятьсебе, воображатьinvent V — изобретатьpower п — энергия, мощностьproperty п — свойствоrecent а — недавний, послед­нийreduce v — уменьшать, сни­жатьreplace v -— заменятьset up (set) V — воздвигать,сооружатьsource п — источникstate п — положение, состоя­ниеsuch as — такой какtransform v — преобразовы­ватьturn V — поворачиваться, об­ратиться; превратить (into)wide а — широкийwithout ргр — безwhole а — весь, целыйin the case of — в случаеto be based on — основываться,быть основанным на46Text ЗАпрочитайте текст, перечислите наиболее важные изобретения в областиэлектротехники.

Переведите.ElectricityIt is impossible to imagine our civilization without electricity:economic and social progress will be turned to the past and ourdaily lives completely transformed.Electrical power has become universal. Thousands of applica­tions of electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electro­metallurgy are longstanding and unquestionable.With the appearance of the electrical motor, power cables re­placed transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys^ in the19-th century workshops. And in the home a whole range of varioustime and labour saving appliances^ have become a part of our ev­eryday lives.Other devices are based on specific properties of electricity:electrostatics in the case of photocopying machine and electro mag­netism in the case of radar and television.

These applications havemade electricity most widely used.The first industrial application was in the silver workshops inParis. The generator — a new compact source of electricity — wasalso developed there. The generator replaced the batteries andother devices that had been used before.Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the last cen­tury with the development of the electric lamp by Thomas Edison.Then the transformer was invented, the first electric lines and net­works were set up, dynamos and induction motors^ were designed.Since the beginning of the 20th century the successful develop­ment of electricity has begun throughout the industrial world.

Theconsumption of electricity has doubled every ten years.Today consumption of electricity per capita"* is an indicator ofthe state of development and economic health of a nation. Elec­tricity has replaced other sources of energy as it has been realizedthat it offers improved service and reduced cost.One of the greatest advantages of electricity is that it is clean,easily-regulated and generates no by-products^. Applications ofelectricity now cover all fields of human activity from house wash­ing machines to the latest laser devices. Electricity is the efficientsource of some of the most recent technological advances such asthe laser and electron beams.

Truly^ electricity provides mankindwith the energy of the future.47Notes to the Text1. transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys — транс­миссионные валы, зубчатые колеса, ремни и блоки2. time and labour saving appliances — электроприборы, эко­номящие время и труд3. induction motors — индукционные моторы4. per capita — на человека; на душу населения5.

by-products — побочные продукты6. truly — поистинеУПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 10. Просмотрите текст ЗА и ответьте на вопросы.1. What is this text about? 2. What industrial applications ofelectricity do you know? 3. What home applications of electricitydo you know? 4. Where was the generator developed? 5. Who in­vented the electric lamp? 6. Do you know who invented the dy­namo? 7. Can you imagine our life without electricity? Why?Упражнение 11. Определите функции глагола to have, переведите.1.

Electricity has many useful properties: it is clean and gener­ates no by-products. 2. It has many important applications in in­dustry as well as in our houses. 3. The latest laser devices havefound application in medicine. 4. Electricity has provided mankindwith the most efficient source of energy. 5. No other source of en­ergy has been so widely used as electricity.

6. We have many variouselectric devices in our houses. 7. Our lives have been completelytransformed with the appearance of electricity. 8. The generator re­placed batteries that had been used before. 9.The consumption ofelectricity has doubled every ten years.Упражнение 12. Найдите подлежащее и сказуемое в предложениях, пере­ведите.1.

That electricity is clean and easily-regulated is its great ad­vantage. 2. The important fact is that electricity offers improvedservice at reduced cost. 3. That the two scientists Lodygyn andYablochkov were the first in Russia to work in the field of electricalengineering is well-known. 4. One of the main advantages of elec­tricity is that it does not pollute the environment.

5. The indicatorof nation development is how much electricity is consumed per ca­pita. 6. What has been and is being done in environment protectioncannot be measured by yesterday's standards.48Упражнение 13. Определите время и залог глагола-сказуемого, переведи­те предложения.A.

1.1 have not cleaned the window yet. I am cleaning it now. Ihave cleaned it. 2. But Bob has a different idea. 3, Last year shepassed school leaving exams. 4. We will be studying for our examsat the end of the term. 5. While we were having supper, all thelights went out. 6. Will people speak the same language all over theworld? 7. People will land on Mars in the 21st century. 8. I thinkcars will be powered by electric batteries in five years' time andthey will not be powered by atomic power in 100 years' time. 9. TheEarth is getting warmer because of the increase of carbon dioxide inthe atmosphere.B. 1. It is evident that electricity will be the energy of the fu­ture.

2. The transformer was invented and the first electric linesand networks were set up at the end of the 19th century. 3. Newpowerful electric stations must be built because it is electricity thatoffers improved standards of life and work. 4. A combination ofelectric lines and networks are being set up throughout the country.5. Electric power has become universal 6.