Учебник по Английскому (И. В. Орловская, Л. С. Самсонова, А. И. Скубриева - Учебник английского языка), страница 9

Under Queen Elizabeth theFirst in the 17th century England dominated the oceans and be­came the Empire. It is in the Elizabethan Age that art, culture andliterature flowered, especially in London. Over the centuries Lon­don became the centre of a constantly growing empire. The em­pire reached its apex (вершина) under Queen Victoria. In­dustrialization and the expansion of international trade broughtLondon power, growth and cultural and economic development.In the First and Second World Wars London was ruined consider­ably.Some 9 million people now live in London and its suburbs, andthe city covers an area of 620 square miles, making it one of thelargest of the world's capitals. One reason for its size is that theEnglish people like to live in small houses and have small gardens.As a result, less than 5,000 people live in the City of London, while38more than half a million come here to work in the daytime.

TodayLondon is the capital of Great Britain and is also the seat of theRoyal Family, the Parliament, the major administrative bodies andscientific institutions.The Houses of Parliament stand on the bank of the Thames atWestminster Abbey. Actually it is one building but it is called«Houses» as it consists of two chambers: the House of Lords andthe House of Commons. It was set up in the 13-th century.

At oneend of the Houses of Parliament there is a tower with a large clock.The largest bell, known as Big Ben, chimes in (отбивать часы) thehour.Westminster Abbey was a monastery built in the 8th century. Itis one of the best examples of the Early English architecture. Thekings and queens of England are buried there. Many great states­men, writers and poets are also buried there.In the centre of London there is one of the most beautifulsquares — Trafalgar Square which was named so to commemorate(в честь) Nelson's victory in the battle of Trafalgar. There is themonument in its centre known as Nelson's Column.In the vicinity of Trafalgar Square is Whitehall which is now astreet of government offices.

Not far from Whitehall is DowningStreet. Number 10 Downing Street is the residence of the PrimeMinister of England. The Cabinet meets there. One must mentionthe British Museum. It is one of the most extensive and valuablemuseums in West Europe, It was founded in 1753. It also com­prises the National Library. There are other numerous museumsand galleries displaying interesting finds from all parts of theworld and from all stages in the development of nature, man andart. There are also two large opera houses, the National Theatreand 50 other theatres. Monuments of past greatness are every­where in London.ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯУпражнение 1.

A. Прочитайте следующие словосочетания из текста 2А ипостарайтесь догадаться о значении выделенных слов.L2.3.4.5.to protect the environmentbecome seriously pollutedsuffer from pollutioninteraction of all processesthe essential feature396. protection is imperative today7. public organizations8. safeguarding natural resourcesB. Подберите к каждому слову в колонке А соответствующее значение изколонки В.А1.

protect2. serious3. suffer4. interaction5. essential6. imperative7. public8. safeguardingВа. do not feel wellb. for all peopleс keep safe from smth.d. protectione. needing attentionf. importantg. necessary, most important, fundamentalh. action on each otherУпражнение 2. A. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь догадаться о значе­нии выделенных слов.One of the most urgent environmental problems in the worldtoday is the shortage of clean water. Access to clean drinking wateris a basic human need. But industrial pollution has made manysources of water undrinkable.

Rivers, lakes and even seas have be­come poisonous.Lake Baikal is one of the world's largest and most beautifullakes. Russians call it the Holy Sea. It contains a rich variety of ani­mals and plants, including 1,300 rare species that do not exist any­where else in the world. However, they are being destroyed by themassive industrial effluent, which some factories still pour into thelake every day.A few years ago, people thought that the supply of clean waterwas limitless. Now clean water is scarce, and we are beginning torespect this precious resource.

We must protect the clean waterthat remains for the sake of our children and grandchildren.B. Подберите к каждому слову в колонке А соответствующее из колонки В.А1. urgent2. access3. poisonous4. plant5. rare40Вa. group, sort, kind ofb. in the interest ofс unusual, not often seend. of great value (price)e. needing action6. species7.

destroy8. effluent9. pour10. scarce11. respect12. precious13. sakef. not available, not equal to the demandg. come freely, flow in a continuous streamh. way (road) to, means of usingi. think about, pay attention toj . living organism the kind smaller than treesk. break, put an end to1. harmful, causing deathm. waste from a factoryУпражнение 3, Заполните таблицы на словообразование.NounVerbchange...achieveadvancedevelopmentprotectpolluteactionNounvarietyecologyenvironmentdangerindustryglobenatureincrease...interact••..safenumerouselimination-»Adjectiveocean...Упражнение 4.

Заполните пропуски словами global environmental, pollute,dangerous, scale, environment, protection, resources, increase.People are worried about the (1) ... (the air, water, and landaround us) as a result of the (2)... effects of human activity. «De­velopments» that are making our life more comfortable such asindustrialization, urbanization and the use of cars all (3) ...

theearth's atmosphere. There are some of the (4) ... problems today:the ozone layer, (5) ... warming (an (6) ... in world temperature),the conservation and (7) ... of nature and natural (8) ... on aglobal (9) ...Упражнение 5. A. Назовите 10-15 ключевых слов и словосочетаний натему «Environment protection».В.

Speak about:The problem of clean water in your town.41LESSON 3Времена группы Perfect Active, PassiveПодлежащее, сказуемоеСуффиксы -er/'or, -antf-entПрефиксы ип'/imText ЗА. ElectricityText 3B. A Great Citizen of the WorldText 3C. Solar Light by NightText 3D. Non-traditional Renewable Sources of EnergyПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 1.

Объясните употребление времен группы Perfect, пере­ведите.1. This is а very good book, I have just read it with pleasure. 2.He has been absent this week. He has been ill. 3.1 haven't seen youfor a long time. Where have you been all this time? 4. We haven'theard about her since 1989.

5. By the beginning of the lecture thelaboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams. 6. Be­fore we came to the next lecture we had studied the material of thefirst one. 7. Have you already finished your diploma work? No, Ishall have finished it by the end of June. 8. They will not havepassed their exams by the time you return. 9. Many students havebeen enroled into universities this year. 10. The translation has notbeen finished yet. It will have been finished by the end of themonth.

11. Have you brought these journals with you? No, thesejournals had been brought by my sister before I returned fromSt.Petersburg. Don't you know that?Упражнение 2. A. Выберите правильную форму сказуемого.1. Не (has graduated, graduated) from MSTU named afterBauman this year. He (graduated, will have graduated) from MSTU42named after Bauman in 6 years. 2. She (saw, has seen) us in themorning yesterday. She (saw, has seen) us this morning. 3.1 (havemet, met) him last year. I never (had met, have met) him before.4. Our group (will do, will have done) a lab work tomorrow.

5. Thisproblem (is discussed, has been discussed) much in the press lately.This problem (was discussed, had been discussed) yesterday.B. Переделайте предложения из действительного в страдательный залог.1. The students have done their homework very well. 2. Bob hasleft his notebook at home. 3.1 have told you about a lecture. 4. Thelaboratory assistant had prepared the experiment by 2 o'clock.5. She had finished her test when we came. 6. The teacher will havecorrected our dictation by the end of the week.

7. They have notmade any mistakes.Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения.1. Что ВЫ сделали сегодня? — Я напечатала (to type) многописем. — Я хочу посмотреть письмо к мистеру Д. — Вот, по­жалуйста. Я только что напечатала его. — А письмо к мистеруР.? — Я еще не напечатала это письмо. Я напечатаю его кконцу рабочего дня. 2. Вчера мы встретили наших друзей. Мыне видели их с окончания университета.

До возвращения вМоскву они работали в Орле. 3. Новый завод будет построен кначалу следующего года. Он будет оснащен самым современ­ным оборудованием.Упражнение 4. Прочитайте и объясните употребление времен.At the InstituteVera: Hello, Mike! What are you doing here?Mike: Hello, Vera! I am reading for my mathematics exam.v.: But your group has passed it already, hasn't it?M.: Yes, it has, but I was absent at this time. So I'll take this examtomorrow.v.: Is it difficult for you to take this exam?M.: No, it is not.

I havefinisheda specialized mathematical schoolwhere mathematics was studied more thoroughly (тщательно)than at other schools. Besides, I have taken part in a mathemat­ics contest of our city.v.: Really? Have you? When was it?M.: It was last year.v.: Were you the first at this contest?43М.: No, I was the second. Thefirstone was the boy from one of theNovosibirsk mathematical schools,v.: Have you ever been to Novosibirsk?M.: Yes, I have been there this year with a group of students of ourfaculty,v.: What have you seen there?M.: Oh, I have seen a lot. But now I have no time to tell you aboutit.

Well, Vera, what are you doing here? Are you reading foryour exams too?v.: No, I am not. I've passed all my exams with good marks thisterm and so my holidays have already started. Fm waiting formy friend here. Good luck, Mike.Упражнение 5. Определите, чем выражено подлежащее каждого предло­жения, переведите.1.