Учебник по Английскому (И. В. Орловская, Л. С. Самсонова, А. И. Скубриева - Учебник английского языка), страница 5

This is a systemof individual tuition (обучения) organized by the colleges.Each student has a tutor who practically guides him through thewhole course of studies. The tutor plans the student's work andonce a week the student goes to his tutor to discuss his work withhim. The training course lasts 4 years. The academic year is dividedinto 3 terms. The students study natural and technical sciences,law, history, languages, geography and many other subjects.After three years of study a student may proceed (получитьученую степень) to a Bachelor's degree, and later to the degrees ofMaster and Doctor.

Students are required to wear gowns (мантия)at lectures, in the University library, in the street in the evening, fordinners in the colleges and for official visits. All the students mustpay for their education, examinations, books, laboratories, univer­sity hostel, the use of libraries, etc. Very few students get grants.Not many children from the working class families are able to gethigher education, as the cost is high.

The cost of education dependson the college and speciality.A number of great men, well-known scientists and writers stud­ied at Cambridge. Among them are: Erasmus, the great Dutchscholar. Bacon, the philosopher, Milton and Byron, the poets,Cromwell, the soldier, Newton and Darwin, the scientists.Text 1СПрочитайте текст. Расскажите об особенностях системы высшегообразования в нашей стране и в США.Higher Education in the USAThere is no national system of higher education in the UnitedStates.

Higher education is given in colleges and universities. Thereare over 2100 various higher educational institutions, includingcolleges, technological institutes and universities. The average col­lege course of study is 4 years. The academic year is usually 9months or 2 terms (semesters) of four and a half months each.Classes usually begin in September and end in June. The first-yearstudents are called freshmen.19Students choose a major subject (профилирующий предмет,дисциплина) and take many courses in this subject. After fouryears, they get a traditional Bachelor's degree.

Then the studentsmay go on to graduate school (старшие курсы) and with a year ortwo of further study get a Master's degree.After another year or two of study and research, they may get astill higher degree as Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.). The student'sprogress is evaluated by means of tests, term works andfinalexami­nations in each course. The student's work is given a mark, usuallyon a five point scale (5-балльная система). Letters indicate thelevel of achievement.

«A» is the highest mark. «F» denotes a failure.Most American colleges and universities charge for tuition. Themethods of instruction in the universities are lectures, discussions,laboratory and course works and seminars.Most cities have colleges or universities that hold classes atnight as well as in daytime. In this way people may work for a de­gree or just take a course in the subject that interests them.Text IDПрочитайте письмо и напишите ответ.А LetterDear Sergei,How are you? I have received your letter of 10-th June forwhich I thank you very much. I am sorry I haven't written to yousooner, but I have had many things to do. You know it was a veryhard year for me. I spent my time getting ready for my exams and Iwas doing well in many subjects.

After passing the exams I wasenroled into the University. The whole course of study is fouryears. My major subject is mathematics. It is my favourite and myhobby. I am good at it and do maths whenever I have a chance. Itake many courses in this subject. I like to take part in mathemati­cal competitions organized at our department and at the Univer­sity. I think that mathematics is «the language of science» and playsan important part in many sciences. We are lucky to have a brilliantlecturer in mathematics this term. He has a talent to take a difficultsubject and make it simple. You leave the lecture hall with a feelingthat mathematics is the most interesting subject under the sun.Next term I'll do research in the field of computer engineering.And how do you feel about maths? Please, write to me, I am es­pecially interested in your life in students' hostel.Good-bye for the present,your friend Mike20ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯУпражнение 1. А.

Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь догадаться о значе­нии выделенных слов.Computers are now essential in many areas of life — modembanking, information technology and many others. However, thisis not true for education.There are some subjects which may be better taught using com­puters. Elementary mathematics, elementary language learning,any subject that requires a student to memorize basic facts throughrepetition (повторение) is good to computer learning. The com­puter can be programmed to provide an endless number of simplequestions, and as the student answers these questions the facts arelearned.However, in the learning and practice of more complex ideas,the computer is not adequate.

A computer can evaluate (оценить)an answer as right or wrong, but it cannot determine why. It cannotfind out why a student is making mistakes, and then explain impor­tant concepts in a different way so the student will understand. Taskconnected with explanation cannot be taught by computers as thereare too many variables for a computer to deal with successfully.Thus, while computers may be useful for practising simpleskills, they are not an essential feature of modern education.

Untilfurther developments in computers are made, the human teacherwill remain indispensable.B. Подберите к каждому слову или словосочетанию в колонке А соответ­ствующее из колонки В.А1. essential2. area of life3. memorize4. adequate5. concept6. variable7. indispensableВа. thing that can varyb. idea, opinionс absolutely necessaryd. most importante. sphere of activityf. learn by heartg. satisfactory, sufficientС Заполните пропуски антонимами и синонимами.right ......

complexadequate ...... new, up-to-datemost important ...... absolutely necessary21Упражнение 2. Составьте возможные словосочетания глаголов из колонки А с существительными из колонки В,А1. go to/enter/be enrolledinto/graduate from2. read for/take/pass3. do/study4, take/make5. get/receive6. make7. be8. take part9. do/conduct/carry out10. give/doВa. progressb. a course in, notesc.

good at Mathsd. research into/one. universityf. a subject, a course, for a degreeg. in discussion, competition onh. grant, degreei. examinations (exams)j . a lectureУпражнение 3. Замените в каждом предложении выделенный глагол надругой глагол с тем же значением.1. Did you receive а grant? 2. How many exams did you pass be­fore you entered university? 3. Do you take notes in lectures?4. Who gives the lecture in history? 5. My friend studies physics.6. What research did you conduct last semester?Упражнение 4. Заполните таблицы на словообразование.VerbInstructNounfoundation.

*.Inform......determinationConsider......preparationIntroduce...VerbEducateOccupyBaseNounAdjective....•.Упражнение 5. A. Назовите 10-15 ключевых слов и словосочетаний натему «Higher Education».В. Speak about:Computers in education.22LESSON 2Времена группы Continuous Active, PassiveФункции it, one, thatСтепени сравнения прилагательныхСуффиксы -ment, -ty, -ousПрефикс reText 2A. Environment Protection must be GlobalText 2B. PollutionText 2C.

Ecological Problems of Big CitiesText 2D. London, its History and DevelopmentПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 1. Объясните употребление времен группы Continuous, пе­реведите предложения.A. 1.1 am at my English lesson. I am sitting and doing my exer­cises. My friend is not sitting, he is standing at the blackboard andlooking at me. 2. It is getting cold now, isn't it? Look out. Is it rain­ing now? 3.

You are late. What were you doing? — I was translatinga text. 4. When I came home my parents were having supper and atthe same time they were watching TV. 5. What was he doing when Irang up an hour ago? He was looking through a newspaper when Irang up. 6. Tomorrow we shall be preparing for a test for the wholeevening. 7.

In July they will be taking their exams for the wholemonth. 8. What will you be doing tonight at 10 o'clock? Will you beworking? No, I shall be reading a book at this hour.B, 1. New Metro lines are being built now in Moscow. 2. Whatis going on? A new film is being discussed. 3. What grammar wasbeing explained when you came in? 4.