Английский язык. Агабек (855602), страница 22
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NTrequires a 3 8 6 or greater and 8 Mb of RAM. For the bestNT performance, y o u have to u s e a 4 8 6 with about 16Mb or higher. Unlike the-Windows, which runs on t o po f D O S , W i n d o w s N T i s a n operating s y s t e m itself.However, NT is DOS c o m p a t i b l e . The advantage of u s i n gNT over Windows is that NT makes better use of thePC's memory management capabilities.O S / 2 is a PC operating system created by IBM.
LikeNT, OS/2 is DOS compatible and provides a graphicaluser interface that lets you run programs w i t h a clickof a m o u s e . Also like NT, O S / 2 performs best when youare u s i n g a powerful system.M a n y IBM-based PCs are shipped w i t h OS/2preinstalled.U N I X is a multi-user operating system t h a t allowsmultiple users to a c c e s s the system. Traditionally, U N I Xw a s run on a larger mini computers to which users accessed the s y s t e m s using terminals and not PC's. U N I Xa l l o w e d each user to s i m u l t a n e o u s l y run the programst h e y desired. Unlike NT and OS/2, U N I X is not DOScompatible.
Most users would not purchase U N I X fortheir own use.W i n d o w s 95 & 98 are the most popular user-orientedo p e r a t i n g s y s t e m s w i t h a f r i e n d l y i n t e r f a c e andmultitasking capabilities. The usage of Windows 95 andi t s enhanced version Windows 98 is so simple that evenlittle kids learn how to use it very quickly. Windows 95and 98 are DOS compatible, so all programs written forpast decade, DOS has undergone several changes. Each180181Урок 16Английский языкDOS may work under the new operating system. Win5. What company developed t h e first version of DOSdows 95 requires 4 8 6 with 16 megabytes of RAM oroperating system? For what purpose? W a s the new operPentium 7 5 - 9 0 with 40 megabytes of free hard disk space.ational s y s t e m successful?WorkingMS-DOS?7.
What does the abbreviation NT stand for? Is itDOS-compatible? W h a t are the basic requirements forNT?8. Who is the developer of OS/2?9. What makes U N I X so different from the other operational systems?10. What are the remarkable features of Windows 95?vocabulary:c o m p l e x — сложныйto c o n s u m e — потреблятьc o n s u m e r — потребительt o realize — о с о з н а т ьs m a r t — умный, умноv e r s i o n — версияdecade — декада, десятto e n h a n c e — расширять, увеличиватьt o p — верх, вершинаon t o p of D O S — «сверху», на основе ДОСc o m p a t i b l e — совместимыйw i t h a c l i c k of a m o u s e — одним нажатием кнопкимышиa c c e s s — доступto a l l o w — позволятьs i m u l t a n e o u s l y — одновременноto desire — желатьGeneralunderstanding(общеепониманиетекста):1.
What problems faced programmers in the 1 9 4 0 ' sand 1950's?2. Why first programs were «complex* and «timeconsuming*?3: What are the basic functions of operating s y s t e m ?6. What is the difference between the PC-DOS andЗадание 16.8< З а п о л н и т е п р о п у с к и :1. Like NT, ... is DOS compatible and provides a graphical user interface that lets you run programs with aclick of a mouse.2. ... is t h e most commonly u s e d PC operating system3. ... is a multi-user operating s y s t e m that allows multiple users to access the s y s t e m4.
... is an operating s y s t e m developed by Microsoft,an enhanced version of the popular Microsoft Windowsprograms.5. The usage of... is so simple that even little kidslearn how to u s e it very quickly.a) U N I Xb) DOSc) NTd) OS/2e) Windows 954. What does DOS abbreviation means?182183Урок 16Английский языкЗадание 16.9. Какие из п р и в е д е н н ы х н и ж е утвер4. Дополнительные программы д л я работы с устж д е н и й верны/неверны? Аргументируйте с в о й отройствами системного оборудования были очень сложвет, о п и р а я с ь на текст.ны и поглощали много времени.1.
When computers were first introduced in 4 0 ' s and5. Операционная система также позволяет запускать5 0 ' s programmers had to write programs to i n s t r u c tпрограммы, такие как простейший текстовый редактор.CD-ROMs, laser printers and scanners.2. The operational system controls and manages theuse of the hardware and the memory usage.3. There are no commands available in operating systems, only word processors.4. Microsoft developed MS-DOS to compete w i t h IBM'sPC-DOS.5. NT requires computers with 4 8 6 CPU and 16 Mrandom access memory.6. OS/2 is DOS compatible because it was developedby Microsoft.7. Traditionally, UNIX was run by many users simultaneously8. Windows 95 and Windows 98 are DOS compatibleand have very «friendly* and convenient interface.Задание 16.10.
Н а й д и т е эквиваленты в тексте:1. Современная операционные системы контролируют использование системного оборудования, например, принтера и мыши.2. С точки зрения пользователя, операционные системы PC-DOS и MS-DOS идентичны, с равными возможностями и набором системных команд.3. OS/2 — DOS совместимая операционная система,позволяющая запускать программы при помощи графического интерфейса пользователя.1846. DOS — наиболее распространенная операционнаясистема д л я персонального компьютера.Урок 17УРОК 1 7INTRODUCTION TO THE WWWAND THE INTERNETMillions of people around the world use the Internet,to search for and retrieve information on all sorts oftopics in a wide v a r i e t y of areas i n c l u d i n g the arts,business, government, humanities, news, politics andrecreation.
People communicate through electronic mail(e-mail), discussion groups, chat channels and other meansof informational exchange. They s h a r e information andmake commercial and b u s i n e s s t r a n s a c t i o n s . All thisactivity is possible because tens of thousands of n e t w o r k sare connected to the Internet and exchange informationin the same basic ways.The World Wide W e b (WWW) is a part of the Internet. But i t ' s not a collection of networks.
Rather, it isinformation that is connected or linked together like aweb. You a c c e s s this information through one interfaceor tool called a Web browser. The number of resourcesand services that are part of the World Wide Web isgrowing extremely fast.
In 1 9 9 6 there were more than20 million users of the W W W , and more than half theinformation that is transferred across the Internet isaccessed t h r o u g h t h e W W W . By u s i n g a c o m p u t e rterminal (hardware) connected to a network that is apart of the Internet, and by using a program (software)to browse or retrieve information that is a part of theWorld Wide Web, the people connected to the Internet186and World Wide Web through t h e local providers haveaccess to a variety of information.
Each browser providesa graphical interface. You m o v e from place to place,from site to site on the Web by u s i n g a mouse to click ona portion of t e x t , icon or region of a map. These i t e m sare called h y p e r l i n k s or l i n k s . Each link y o u selectrepresents a document, an image, a video clip or an audiofile somewhere on the Internet.
The user doesn't need toknow where it is, the browser follows the link.All sorts of t h i n g s are available on the W W W . Onecan u s e Internet for recreational purposes. Many TVand radio s t a t i o n s b r o a d c a s t l i v e on the W W W .Essentially, if something can be put into digital formatand stored in a computer, t h e n i t ' s available on t h eW W W . You can even v i s i t m u s e u m s , gardens, citiesthroughout the world, learn foreign languages and meetnew friends. And of course you can play computer gamesthrough W W W , c o m p e t i n g w i t h partners from othercountries and continents.J u s t a little bit of exploring t h e World Wide Webwill show you what a much of u s e and fun it i s .Workingvocabulary:r e t r i e v e — извлекатьv a r i e t y — спектрh u m a n i t i e s — гуманитарные наукиr e c r e a t i o n — развлечениеs h a r e — делитьn e t w o r k — сетьb u s i n e s s t r a n s a c t i o n — коммерческие операцииw e b — паутинаbrowser — броузер (программа поиска информации)a c c e s s — доступ187Урок 17Английский языкto provide — обеспечивать чем-либоprovider — провайдер (компания, предоставляющаядоступ к W W W через местные телефонные сети)b r o a d c a s t l i v e — передавать в прямом эфиреto link — соединятьhyperlink — гиперссылкаto c o m p e t e — соревноватьсяGeneralunderstanding(Общеепониманиетекста):1.
What is Internet used for?2. Why so many activities such as e-mail and businesstransactions are possible t h r o u g h the Internet?3. What is World Wide Web?4. What is a Web browser?5. What does user need to have an access to the W W W ?6. What are hyperlinks?7. What resources are available on the W W W ?8. W h a t are t h e basic recreational a p p l i c a t i o n s ofWWW?6. You need a computer (hardware) and a special program (software) to be a W W W user.7.
You move from site to site by clicking on a portionof t e x t only.8. Every t i m e the user wants to move somewhere onthe web he/she needs to step by step enter l i n k s andaddresses.9. Films and pictures are not available on the Internet.1 0 . Radio and TV-broadcasting is a future of Internet. I t ' s not available yet.Задание 17.2. Д а й т е о п р е д е л е н и е , и с п о л ь з у я словарь:1) Internet2) World W i d e W e b3) Web browser4) Internet provider5) HyperlinksЗадание 17.3. Н а й д и т е э к в и в а л е н т ы в тексте:Задание 17.1.
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