Английский язык. Агабек (855602), страница 20

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Storage hardware stores data as electromag­netic signals. The most common ways of storing data arehard disk, floppy disk and CD-ROM.1626*163Урок 15Английский языкHard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic mate­rial, for storing programs and relatively large amountsof data.Floppy disk (diskette) — a thin, usually flexible plas­tic disk coated with magnetic material, for storing tem­porary computer data and programs. There are two for­mats for floppy disks: 5.25' and 3.5'.3.5' disks are formatted 1.4 megabytes and are widelyused.CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory) is a com­pact disc on which a large a m o u n t of d i g i t i z e d data canbe stored.

CD-ROMs are very popular now because of thegrowing speed which CD-ROM d r i v e s can provide nowa­days.OutputhardwareThe purpose of output hardware is to p r o v i d e theuser with, the means to view information produced bythe computer system. Information is in either hardcopyor softcopy form. Hardcopy output can be held in yourhand, such as paper with t e x t (woFd or numbers) org r a p h i c s printed on it. Softcopy output is displayed on amonitor.Monitor is a display screen for viewing computer data,television programs, etc. P r i n t e r is a computer outputdevice that produces a paper copy of data or graphics.Modem, is an example of communication hardware —an electronic device that makes possible the transmissionof data to or from computer v i a telephone or othercommunication lines.Hardware comes in many configurations, dependingon what you are g o i n g to do on your computer.164Workingvocabulary:i n p u t h a r d w a r e — устройства ввода данныхto c o n v e r t — преобразовыватьs u i t a b l e — подходящий, пригодныйk e y b o a r d — клавиатураm o u s e — «мышь»to roll — катать, перекатыватьc u r s o r — курсорto r e a c h — достигатьs c a n n e r — сканирующее устройство, сканерp r o c e s s i n g hardware — устройства обработки данныхto direct — управлятьe x e c u t i o n — выполнениеcentral processing unit (CPU), microprocessor —микропроцессорb r a i n — мозгto i n t e r p r e t — переводить, интерпретироватьR A M — ОЗУ (оперативное запоминающее устрой­ство)ROM — П З У (постоянное запоминающее устрой­ство)s t o r a g e h a r d w a r e — устройства хранения данныхto r e t r i e v e — извлекатьh a r d disk — жесткий диск, «винчестер»CD-ROM — накопитель на компакт-дисках (CD)a m o u n t — количествоd i g i t i z e d — в цифровом видеCD-ROM d r i v e s — дисководы CD-ROMto p r o v i d e — обеспечиватьg r a p h i c s — графикаt e m p o r a r y — временныйo u t p u t h a r d w a r e — устройства отображения инфор­мации165Урок 15Английский языкprinter — печатающее устройство, принтерm o d e m — модемGeneralunderstanding(общеепониманиетекста):1.

What is the Webster's dictionary definition of thehardware?2. What groups of hardware exist?3. What is input hardware? W h a t are the examples ofinput hardware?4. What is the mouse designed for?5. What is processing hardware? What are the basictypes of memory used in a PC?6. What is a storage hardware? What is CD-ROM usedfor? Can a user record his or her data on a CD? W h a tkind of storage hardware can contain more information:CD-ROM, RAM or ROM?7. What is modem used for? Can a PC user communi­cate with other people without a modem?Задание 15.7. Какие из п р и в е д е н н ы х н и ж е утвер­ж д е н и й верны/неверны? Аргументируйте свой от­вет, опираясь на текст.1.

The purpose of the input hardware is to collectdata and convert them into a form suitable for computerprocessing.2. Scanner is used to input graphics only.3. CPU reads and interprets software and prints theresults on paper.4. User is unable to change the contents of ROM.5. Printer is a processing hardware because it showsthe information.1666. Modem is an electronic device that makes possiblethe transmission of data from one computer to anotherv i a telephone or other communication lines.7.

The purpose of storage hardware is to store compu­ter instructions and data.Задание 15.8. Д а й т е определения, и с п о л ь з у я текст.1. CPU2. ROM3. floppy-disk4. CD-ROM5. printer6. modem7. hard disk8. keyboardЗадание 15.9. Ч т о из н и ж е п е р е ч и с л е н н о г о являет­ся оборудованием?1.'program2. mouse3.

CPU4. printer5. modem6. instruction7. cursor or t h e pointer8. keyboard9. symbolЗадание 15.10. П р о ч и т а й т е и п е р е в е д и т е текст.WINDOWSХРWindows ХР is an operational s y s t e m based on t h ee x p a n d i n g w i n d o w s principle which uses i c o n s to graphi-167Английский языкcally r e p r e s e n t files. It's very easy to use Internet ifyou have Windows XP on your computer.Windows XP makes the way y o u and your computeri n t e r a c t with Internet easier. Most everyday tasks areeasier to do than before.

For example, the second mousebutton has become a powerful weapon. Recycle Bin makesi t easier t o r e c o v e r accidentally d e l e t e d f i l e s . Yourcomputer probably will c r a s h less w i t h Windows X P ."Microsoft says that it is m o v i n g forward to the timewhen we will all think more about our data and lessabout the programs used to create them.Window XP plug-and-play capability makes it easy toupgrade your computer hardware. A new Windows 98s h o r t c u t s c a p a b i l i t y makes it easy to reach f r e q u e n t l yused files.Workingvocabulary:e x p a n d i n g w i n d o w s principle — принцип расширя­ющихся оконi c o n s — иконкиr e p r e s e n t — представлятьto i n t e r a c t — взаимодействоватьw e a p o n — оружиеR e c y c l e B i n — корзинаto r e c o v e r — восстановитьd e l e t e d files — удаленные файлыto c r a s h — зависать, давать сбоиto m o v e forward — двигаться впередplug-n-play — подключай и работайu p g r a d e — апгрейд (увеличение возможностей ком­пьютера)'168Урок 15n e c e s s i t y — необходимостьs h o r t c u t c a p a b i l i t y — возможность н а х о ж д е н и якратчайшего путиf r e q u e n t l y — частоУрок 16Types of dataУРОК16COMPUTER OPERATIONS.TYPES OF DATAMuch of the processing computers can be divided intotwo general types of operation.

A r i t h m e t i c o p e r a t i o n sare c o m p u t a t i o n s with numbers such as addition, sub­t r a c t i o n , and other mathematical procedures. Early com­puters performed mostly arithmetic operations, whichgave the f a l s e impression that only engineers and scien­t i s t s could benefit from computers. Of equal importanceis the computers ability to compare two v a l u e s to deter­m i n e if one is larger than, smaller than, or equal to theother.

This is called a l o g i c a l operation. The c o m p a r i s o nmay take place between numbers, letters, sounds, or evendrawings. The processing of the computer is based onthe computer's ability to perform logical and arithmeticoperations.Instructions must be given to the computer to tell ithow to process the data it receives and the format neededfor output and storage. The ability to follow the programs e t s computers apart from most t o o l s . However,- newtools ranging from typewriters to m i c r o w a v e o v e n s haveembedded computers, or built-in computers.

An embeddedcomputer can a c c e p t data to use several options in i t ' sprogram, but the program itself cannot be changed. Thismakes these devices flexible and convenient but not theembedded computers itself.170W i t h the a d v e n t of new computer applications andhardware, the definition of data has e x p a n d e d to includemany types.N u m e r i c d a t a consists of numbers and decimal points,as well as the plus (+) and minus (—) signs. Both arithmeticoperations and logical operations are performed on numericdata. This means that numbers can be used for calculationsas well as sorted and compared to each other.Text, or t e x t u a l data, can contain any combination ofletters, numbers and special characters.

Sometimes tex­tual data is known as a l p h a n u m e r i c data.Various forms of data that we can hear and see makesup a u d i o - v i s u a l data. The computer can produce sounds,music and even human voice. It can also accept audioinformation as an input. Data can also take form of draw­ings and video sequences.P h y s i c a l d a t a is captured from the environment. Forexample, light, temperature and pressure are all typesof physical data. In m a n y large "buildings, computersystems process several kinds of physical data to regulateoperations. Computers can set off security alarms, controltemperature and humidity, or turn lights on and off, allin response to physical data. These applications increasepeople's safety and save the time and money.Working\vocabulary:d a t a — данныеto divide — делитьto c o m p u t e — вычислятьc o m p u t a t i o n — вычислениеa r i t h m e t i c o p e r a t i o n — арифметическая операция171Английский языкУрок 16v a l u e — величинаЗадание 16.1.

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